‘In My Opinion, Work Would be in First Place and Family in Second’: Young Women's Imagined Gender–Work Relations in Post-Soviet Lithuania

References

• Ådnanes , M . 2004 . Exit and/or voice? Youth and Post-communist Citizenship in Bulgaria . Political Psychology , 25 ( 5 ) : 795 – 815 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aidukaitė , J . 2006 . Reforming Family Policy in the Baltic States: The Views of the Elites . Communist and Post-Communist Studies , 39 ( 1 ) : 1 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashwin , S . 2002 . “ A Woman is Everything: The Reproduction of Soviet Ideals of Womanhood in Post-Communist Russia ” . In Work, Employment and Transition. Restructuring Livelihoods in Post-communism , Edited by: Rainnie , A , Smith , A and Swain , A . 117 – 33 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Ashwin , S , Kozina , I , Popova , I and Zhidkova , E . 2006 . “ Work Orientations and Employment Behaviour: Gender Differences? ” . In Adapting to Russia's New Labor Market: Gender and Employment Behaviour , Edited by: Ashwin , S . 87 – 133 . Abingdon : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bardone, L. & Guio, A.-C. (2005) In-work Poverty. Statistics in Focus. Population and Social Conditions 5/2005, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/social_inclusion/docs/statistics5-2005_en.pdf, accessed 22 March 2010
   Google Scholar
• Barr , N . 2005 . Labor Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe , Washington : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Binder , T . 2003 . Heirat und Familie. Das Frauenbild in Postsozialistischen Parteiprogrammen . Osteuropa , 53 : 675 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Christian , D . 1985 . “ Labor in a Non-capitalist Economy: the Soviet Counter-example ” . In Unemployment: are there any Lessons from History? , Edited by: Roe , J . 85 – 104 . Sydney : Hale & Iremonger .
   Google Scholar
• Connell , RW . 1987 . Gender and Power. Society, the Person and Sexual Politics , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Crompton , R . 2006 . Employment and the Family. The Reconfiguration of Work and Family Life in Contemporary Societies , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Crouch , C . 2008 . Change in European Societies since the 1970s . West European Politics , 31 ( 1–2 ) : 14 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2009 . Employment in Europe 2009 , Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities .
   Google Scholar
• Flick , U . 2006 . An Introduction to Qualitative Research , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Fodor , É . 2006 . A Different Type of Gender Gap: How Women and Men Experience Poverty . East European Politics and Societies , 20 ( 1 ) : 14 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gineitienė , D . 1998 . “ The Church, Nationalism, and the Reproductive Rights of Women ” . In Women in Transition. Voices from Lithuania , Edited by: LaFont , S . 81 – 89 . Albany : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , T , Holland , J , Lahelma , E and Thomson , R . 2005 . Imagining Gendered Adulthood. Anxiety, Ambivalence, Avoidance and Anticipation . European Journal of Women's Studies , 12 ( 1 ) : 83 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas , B . 2005 . The Work-care Balance: Is It Possible to Identify Typologies for Cross-National Comparison? . Current Sociology , 53 ( 3 ) : 487 – 508 .
   Google Scholar
• Hirschman , AO . 1970 . Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States , Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Juozeliūnienė , I and Kanopienė , V . 1995 . “ Women and Family in Lithuania ” . In Family, Women, and Employment in Central-Eastern Europe , Edited by: Łobodzińska , B . 155 – 65 . Westport : Greenwood Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kabašinskaitė , D and Bak , M . 2006 . Lithuania's Children's Policy in the Period of Transition . International Journal of Social Welfare , 15 ( 3 ) : 247 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katus , K , Puur , A and Sakkeus , L . 2008 . Family Formation in the Baltic Countries: a Transformation in the Legacy of State Socialism . Journal of Baltic Studies , 39 ( 2 ) : 123 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kluge , S . 2000 . “ ‘Empirically Grounded Construction of Types and Typologies in Qualitative Social Research’ [14 paragraphs] ” . In Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research Vol. 1 , 1 Art. 14, available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0001145, accessed 22 March 2010
   Google Scholar
• Korpi , W . 2000 . Faces of Inequality: Gender, Class, and Patterns of Inequalities in Different Types of Welfare States . Social Politics , 7 ( 2 ) : 127 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , J . 2001 . The Decline of the Male Breadwinner Model: Implications for Work and Care . Social Politics , 8 ( 2 ) : 152 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , S , Smithson , J and Brannen , J . 1999 . Young Europeans’ Orientation to Families and Work . The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 562 ( 1 ) : 83 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Nazpary , J . 2002 . Post-Soviet Chaos. Violence and Dispossession in Kazakhstan , London : Pluto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Offe , C . 1996 . “ The Politics of Social Policy in East European Transitions: Antecedents, Agents, and Agendas of Reform ” . In Modernity and the State. East, West , Edited by: Offe , C . 225 – 83 . Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pascall , G and Lewis , J . 2004 . Emerging Gender Regimes and Policies for Gender Equality in a Wider Europe . Journal of Social Policy , 33 ( 3 ) : 373 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascall , G and Manning , N . 2000 . Gender and Social Policy: Comparing Welfare States in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union . Journal of European Social Policy , 10 ( 3 ) : 240 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfau-Effinger , B . 1998 . Gender Cultures and the Gender Arrangement – A Theoretical Framework for Cross-national Gender Research . Innovation , 11 ( 2 ) : 147 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Purvaneckienė , G . 1995 . ‘Statement by the Delegation of the Republic of Lithuania to the Fourth World Conference on Women’ Beijing, , China 6 September 1995, available at: http://www.un.org/esa/gopher-data/conf/fwcw/conf/gov/950906202215.txt, accessed 22 March 2010
   Google Scholar
• Purvaneckienė , G . 1998 . “ Women in the Domestic Domain ” . In Women in Transition. Voices from Lithuania , Edited by: LaFont , S . 48 – 59 . Albany : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Purvaneckienė , G . 1999 . “ ‘Women in Lithuanian Society’ ” . In Lithuanian Human Development Report 1999 , 115 – 25 . Vilnius : Social Policy Unit . in UNDP (ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Reingardienė , J . 2002 . Gender Politics in Lithuania. A Case of Gender-based Violence Against Women in the Family . Sociologija Mintis ir Veiksmas , 1 : 16 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Reiter, H. (2007) ‘The Post-communist Triangle of (Non-) Solidarity and Beyond – Youth and the Perception of Unemployment in the “New West”’, in Magnusson, L. & Strath, B. (eds) European Solidarities. Tensions and Contentions of a Concept. Travail & Société – Work & Society Vol. 57 (Brussels, PIE-Peter Lang), pp. 193–216
   Google Scholar
• Reiter, H. (2008a) ‘Dangerous Transitions in the “New West” – Youth, Work, and Unemployment in Post-Soviet Lithuania’, PhD dissertation (Florence, European University Institute)
   Google Scholar
• Reiter, H. (2008b) ‘I Would Be Against that, if my Husband Says: “You Don’t Work”’ – Negotiating Work and Motherhood in Post-State Socialism’, Sociological Problems, IL, II, pp. 193–211
   Google Scholar
• Reiter , H . 2009 . Beyond the Equation Model of Society – the Postponement of Motherhood in Post-State Socialism in an Interdisciplinary Life Course Perspective . Innovation – The European Journal of Social Science Research , 22 ( 2 ) : 233 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter, H. (2010) ‘Context, Experience, Expectation, and Action – Towards an Empirically Grounded, General Model for Analyzing Biographical Uncertainty’ [67 paragraphs], Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 11, 1, Art. 2, available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs100120, accessed 25 August 2010
   Google Scholar
• Rigi , J . 2003 . The Conditions of Post-Soviet Youth and Work in Almaty, Kazakhstan . Critique of Anthropology , 23 ( 1 ) : 35 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudd , EC . 2000 . Reconceptualizing Gender in Post-socialist Transformation . Gender & Society , 14 ( 4 ) : 517 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks , MP . 1988 . “ Women, Work and Family in the Soviet Union ” . In Understanding Soviet Society , Edited by: Sacks , MP and Pankhurst , JG . 71 – 96 . Boston : Unwin Hyman .
   Google Scholar
• Sloat , A . 2005 . The Rebirth of Civil Society. The Growth of Women's NGO's in Central and Eastern Europe . European Journal of Women's Studies , 12 ( 4 ) : 437 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobotka , T . 2004 . Postponement of Childbearing and Low Fertility in Europe , Amsterdam : Dutch University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sobotka , T . 2008 . The Diverse Faces of the Second Demographic Transition in Europe . Demographic Research , 19 : 171 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taljūnaitė , M . 2005 . “ The Women's Movement in Lithuania: Discourses and Lobbying Strategies ” . In The Implementation of Quotas: European Experiences , Edited by: Binda , F and Ballington , J . 112 – 16 . Stockholm : International Institute for Democratic and Electoral Assistance .
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , R and Holland , J . 2002 . Imagined Adulthood: Resources, Plans and Contradictions . Gender and Education , 14 ( 4 ) : 337 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ule , M and Kuhar , M . 2008 . Orientations of Young Adults in Slovenia Toward the Family Formation . Young – Nordic Journal of Youth Research , 16 ( 2 ) : 153 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF (2007) TransMonee 2007 Features. Data and Analysis on the Lives of Children in CEE/CIS and Baltic States (Florence, UNICEF Innocenti Research Center), available at: http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/tm2007_features.pdf, accessed 22 March 2010
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , C . 2002 . Household Strategies: Their Conceptual Relevance and Analytical Scope in Social Research . Sociology , 36 ( 2 ) : 275 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , P . 2000 . Politics, Policy and Identity: EU Eastern Enlargement and East-West Differences . Journal of European Public Policy , 7 ( 3 ) : 369 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witzel, A. (2000) The Problem-Centered Interview [26 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1, 1, Art. 22, available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0001228, accessed 22 March 2010
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 2005 . Doing Business in 2005. Removing Obstacles to Growth , Washington : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Zhurzhenko , T . 2001 . Free Market Ideology and New Women's Identities in Post-Socialist Ukraine . The European Journal of Women's Studies , 8 ( 1 ) : 29 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar