NOTES
- Dobbs Michael Soviets OK Cooperative Businesses, LA Times-Washington Post Service The Oregonian May 1988 27 A 13. Subsequent references in text are to Dobbs, “Soviet OK Cooperative Business.”
- Mets Margus Kuhu Lähete, Kooperatiivid? Rahva Hääl February 1988 1 2 25 Subsequently, this article will be referred to in the text as Mets, “Kuhu Lähete.”
- A Survey of the Soviet Economy The Economist April 1988 8 8 9 Subsequent references in text are to “Survey…,” The Economist
- et al. Poliitiline Ökonoomia, Õpik Marksismi-Leninismi Aluste Koolidele Transl. by M. Lumi and P. Freidin, Kirjastus “Eesti Raamat,” Tallinn, 1973, 151. This position of primacy was “supported” (tautologically) with the propositions that 1) state property is the most important productive form, 2) state property consists mostly of capital and resources and 3) state property receives most (about 90%) of the state's “productive funds.” This source is subsequently referred to as Agaoiva, Poliitiline Ökonoomia.
- For a fuller discussion see Medow Paul I. Cooperatives Encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union Florinsky Michael T. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York 1961 118 119 And George Derugin, “Domestic Trade,” ibid., 133–35.
- Nove , Alec . 1977 . The Soviet Economic System , 26 – 26 . London : Allen & Unwin Ltd. . Subsequent references are to Nove, The Soviet Economic System.
- Spulber , Nicolas . 1969 . The Soviet Economy , Rev. edn. , 73 – 73 . New York : Norton . Extensive private activity has existed in the second economy, ranging from legal private plots in agriculture through activities in controversial “gray markets” into overt, organized crime. Much of the current reform debate centers on which existing illegal activities should be legitimized.
- Goldman , Marshall I. 1987 . Gorbachev's Challenge, Economic Reform in the Age of High Technology , 76 – 85 . New York : Norton & Company . Subsequent references are to Goldman, Challenge.
- This section is based on discussions in the following sources Inno Karl Ühistevegus Eesti Teatmeteos, III Osa, Majandus Inno Karl Oinas Felix ERS and EÜK Geislingen, , Germany 1949 139 149
- See, for example Ekbaum A. Eesti Ühistegevuse Seminar Alustas Õppetegevust Ühispanga Uudised Estonian Credit Union Toronto 1962 VI 8 8 10. Also Ekbaum's “The Estonian Cooperative Seminar, A School of Cooperative Ideas,” Address, delivered at the opening ceremonies of the Estonian Cooperative Seminar, January 16, 1962, 3. (mimeographed).
- This summary paragraph is based on Raud Villibald Ühistegevus Eesti majanduses Eesti Riik ja Rahvas II Maailma Sõjas Kirjastus EMP Stockholm 1954 130 130 on Villibald Raud, Estonia, a reference book (New York: The Nordic Press, 1953), 79–80, and on Elmar Järvesoo, “The Postwar Economic Transformation,” A Case Study of a Soviet Republic, The Estonian SSR, ed. Tönu Parming and Elmar Järvesoo, (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1978), 131–90. The last item will be referred to as Järvesoo, “Transformation,” in the text.
- A Soviet perspective is available in et al. Majandus Nõukogude Eesti, entsükloppediline teatmeteos Valgus Tallinn 1975 99 128
- 1985 . “ Riikliku ja Kooperatiivkaubanduse Jaekaubakäive ” . In Eesti NSV Rahvamajandus, Statistika Aastaraamat , 179 – 179 . Tallinn : Eesti Raamat . Percentages calculated by author
- See Treial Harri Teed Paremaks, Kooperatiividel Aidatakse Kämpinguid Rajada Rahva Hääl March 1988 1 1 1
- Sillaste Juhan Rääk Vello Kooperatiivid. Senine Käekäik ja Tulevik Rahva Hääl March 1988 2 2 30 Subsequently this item in text is referred to as Sillaste and Rääk, “Kooperatiivid.”
- See Mets Kuhu Lähete and Margus Mets, “Läänemeremaine kogemus idamaiste Vürstidega,” Rahva Hääl, 9 February, 1988, 1. This item is referred to as Mets, “Läänemeremaine kogemus,” in text.
- Aron , V. 1988 . Muudatustest Maksustamisel . Rahva Hääl , April : 2 – 2 . 3
- See, for example Lehepuu Uno Kõnelus Pärast Aruande-Pleenumit Rahva Hääl January 1988 2 2 7
- See Köörna Arno Sõnavõtt Sirp ja Vasar April 1988 8 8 8 Dr. Köörna alludes to a football (soccer) game played with two balls simultaneously. This item is referred to as Köörna, “Sõnavott,” in text.
- Barone , Enrico . [1908] 1935 . “ The Ministry of Production in the Collectivist State ” . In Collectivist Economic Planning , Edited by: Hayek , Friedrich A. 245 – 290 . London : Routledge & Kegan Paul . In the same volume: Ludwig von Mises, “Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth, 87–130, and the other items in the collection. Abram Bergsen, “Socialist Economics, “A Survey of Contemporary Economics, Ed.: Howard S. Ellis, (Homewood, Il.: Irwin, 1948), 1412–448. Oscar Lange, “On the Economic Theory of Socialism,” Rev. Econ. Stud., 4 (1–2) Oct. 1936 and Feb. (1937), 53–71, 123–42; and Fred M. Taylor, “The Guidance of Production in a Socialist State,” American Economic Review, March, 1929, 19 (1), 1–80. A detailed discussion of “price theory” from a Western perspective is similarly beyond the scope of this paper; the topic is at the core of a voluminous literature on “microeconomic theory” and “welfare economics.”
- Vaino , Karl . 1988 . Mööda Suure Oktoobri Teed, Revolutsiooniliste Ümberkorralduste Teed . Eesti Kommunist , I : 10 – 10 .
- Pollisinski Kaupo Kolm Küsimust Kooperatiividest Rahva Hääl March 1988 1 1 30 Subsequent references are to Pollisinski, “Kolm Küsimust.”
- Gumbel Peter Funny Money The Wall Street Journal September 1988 16R 16R 23 Subsequent references are to Gumbel, “Funny Money.”
- See Kushnirsky Fyodor I. Inflation Soviet Style Problems of Communism Jan–Feb. 1984 53 53
- With the exception of the Estonian case, there is no Soviet wholesale market. The reference currently is still to the physical allocation system, i.e. et al. The Economist 1988 April 6 6 9
- Potehhina , J. 1988 . Kooperatsiooniseaduse Arutamise Tulemused . Rahva Hääl , 1 April 30