NOTES
- For background, see Misiunas Romuald Taagepera Rein The Baltic States: Years of Dependence 1940–1980 University of California Press Berkeley 1983 Toivo U. Raun, Estonia and the Estonians, (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1991); and Walter C. Clemens, Jr., Baltic Independence and Russian Empire, (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991).
- Cf. Lijphart Arend Democracies Yale University Press New Haven 1984 183 184
- For ethnic relations within the Estonian Supreme Council and its commissions, see Taagepera Rein Building Democracy in Estonia PS: Political Science & Politics 1991 24 3 478 481 September
- The referendum question was “Do you want the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Estonia?” Countrywide and district-level results are given The Estonian Independent Tallinn 1991 March in 7 and are analysed by Tiina Raitviir in Postimees (Tartu), 9 March 1991, p. 2. Out of a voting population of 1,150,000, about 950,000 participated; of these, 203,000 voted “no” (The Estonian Independent, 21 March 1991, p.1).
- The Estonian parliament refused any participation in Mikhail Gorbachev's fuzzily worded Soviet referendum (17 March 1991), but private commissions of Soviet citizens were not prevented from organizing it. These commissions reported a civilian turnout of 250,000, i.e., 22% of the total voting population or 57% of the non-Estonians (assuming that practically no Estonians participated); of these, 95% reportedly voted pro-empire The Estonian Independent 1991 March 1 1 21