References
- Kaaks , R and Lukanova , A . 2001 . Energy balance and cancer: the role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I . Proceedings of the nutrition society , 60 : 91 – 106 .
- Marshall , S . 2006 . Role of insulin, adipocyte hormones, and nutrient-sensing pathways in regulating fuel metabolism and energy homeostasis: a nutritional perspective of diabetes, obesity, and cancer . Science's Stke [Electronic Resource]: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment ,
- Stephenson , G D and Rose , D P . 2003 . Breast cancer and obesity: an update . Nutr Cancer , 45 : 1 – 16 .
- Unterman , T G , Oehler , D T , Murphy , L J and Lacson , R G . 1991 . Multihormonal regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in rat H4IIE hepatoma cells: the dominant role of insulin . Endocrinology , 128 : 2693 – 2701 .
- Seck , T , Englaro , P Blum , W F . 1998 . Leptin concentrations in serum from a randomly recruited sample of 50- to 80-year-old men and women: positive association with plasma insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding protein-3 in lean, but not in obese, individuals . Eur J Endocrinol , 138 : 70 – 75 .
- Soderberg , S , Ahren , B , Eliasson , M , Dinesen , B Brismar , K . 2001 . Circulating IGF binding protein-1 is inversely associated with leptin in non-obese men and obese postmenopausal women . Eur J Endocrinol , 144 : 283 – 290 .
- Wolk , K , Larsson , S C , Vessby , B , Wolk , A and Brismar , K . 2004 . Metabolic, anthropometric, and nutritional factors as predictors of circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 levels in middle-aged and elderly men . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 89 : 1879 – 1884 .
- Lukanova , A , Toniolo , P Akhmedkhanov , A . 2001 . A cross-sectional study of IGF-I determinants in women . Eur J Cancer Prev , 10 : 443 – 452 .
- Vrieling , A , Voskuil , D W Bueno de Mesquita , H B . 2004 . Dietary determinants of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins 1, -2, and -3 in women in the Netherlands . Cancer Causes Control , 15 : 787 – 796 .
- Considine , R V , Sinha , M K Heiman , M L . 1996 . Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans . N Engl J Med , 334 : 292 – 295 .
- Donahue , R P , Zimmet , P Bean , J A . 1999 . Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity in relation to serum leptin levels in a multiethnic population: the Miami Community Health Study . Ann Epidemiol , 9 : 108 – 113 .
- Garcia-Mayor , R V , Andrade , M A , Rios , M , Lage , M Dieguez , C . 1997 . Serum leptin levels in normal children: relationship to age, gender, body mass index, pituitary-gonadal hormones, and pubertal stage . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 82 : 2849 – 2855 .
- Quinton , N D , Laird , S M Okon , M A . 1999 . Serum leptin levels during the menstrual cycle of healthy fertile women . Brit J Biomed Sci , 56 : 16 – 19 .
- Salkeld , B D , MacAulay , J C , Ball , R W and Cannon , J G . 2001 . Modulation of body temperature, interleukin-6 and leptin by oral contraceptive use . Neuroimmunomodulation , 9 : 319 – 325 .
- Stock , S M , Sande , E M and Bremme , K A . 1999 . Leptin levels vary significantly during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and in vitro fertilization treatment: possible relation to estradiol . Fertil Sterility , 72 : 657 – 662 .
- Brooks-Asplund , E M , Tupper , C E , Daun , J M , Kenney , W L and Cannon , J G . 2004 . Determinants of plasma leptin concentration in postmenopausal women . Mech Ageing Dev , 125 : 117 – 119 .
- Boden , G , Chen , X , Mozzoli , M and Ryan , I . 1996 . Effect of fasting on serum leptin in normal human subjects . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 81 : 3419 – 3423 .
- Fung , T T , Hu , F B Yu , J . 2000 . Leisure-time physical activity, television watching, and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk . Am J Epidemiol , 152 : 1171 – 1178 .
- Hovorka , R and Jones , R H . 1994 . How to measure insulin secretion . Diabetes Metab Res Rev , 10 : 91 – 117 .
- Lukanova , A , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte , A Lundin , E . 2004 . Prediagnostic levels of C-peptide, IGF-I, IGFBP-1, -2 and -3 and risk of endometrial cancer . Int J Cancer , 108 : 262 – 268 .
- Giovannucci , E , Rimm , E B , Liu , Y and Willett , W C . 2004 . Height, predictors of C-peptide and cancer risk in men . Int J Epidemiol , 33 : 217 – 225 .
- Kaaks , R , Toniolo , P Akhmedkhanov , A . 2000 . Serum C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding proteins, and colorectal cancer risk in women . J Natl Cancer Inst , 92 : 1592 – 1600 .
- Verheus , M , Peeters , P H Rinaldi , S . 2006 . Serum C-peptide and breast cancer risk: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) . Int J Cancer , 119 : 659 – 667 .
- Willett , W . 1998 . Nutritional Epidemiology. Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Oxford, , England : Oxford University Press .
- Allen , N E , Appleby , P N , Davey , G K , Key , T J Rinaldi , S . 2002 . The effect of diet on serum insulin-like growth-factor-I and its main binding proteins . IARC Sci Pub , 156 : 295 – 296 .
- Allen , N E , Appleby , P N , Kaaks , R , Rinaldi , S Davey , G K . 2003 . Lifestyle determinants of serum insulin-like growth-factor-I (IGF-I), C-peptide and hormone binding protein levels in British women . Cancer Causes Control , 14 : 65 – 74 .
- Giovannucci , E . 2003 . Nutrition, insulin, insulin-like growth factors and cancer . Horm Metab Res , 35 : 694 – 704 .
- DeLellis , K , Rinaldi , S , Kaaks , R J , Kolonel , L N Henderson , B . 2004 . Dietary and lifestyle correlates of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3): the multiethnic cohort.[Erratum appears in Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004 13(11 Pt 1), 1825] . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 13 : 1444 – 1451 .
- Kolonel , L N , Henderson , B E Hankin , J H . 2000 . A multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: baseline characteristics . Am J Epidemiol , 151 : 346 – 357 .
- Garrow , J S and Webster , J . 1985 . Quetelet's index (W/H2) as a measure of fatness . Int J Obes , 9 : 147 – 153 .
- Calle , E E and Kaaks , R . 2004 . Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms . Nat Rev Cancer , 4 : 579 – 591 .
- Lukanova , A , Toniolo , P Akhmedkhanov , A . 2001 . A prospective study of insulin-like growth factor-I, IGF-binding proteins-1, -2, and -3 and lung cancer risk in women . Int J Cancer , 92 : 888 – 892 .
- Juul , A , Bang , P Hertel , N T . 1994 . Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in 1030 healthy children, adolescents, and adults: relation to age, sex, stage of puberty, testicular size, and body mass index . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 78 : 744 – 752 .
- Juul , A , Main , K , Blum , W F , Lindholm , J Ranke , M B . 199 . The ratio between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and the IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1, 2 and 3) decreases with age in healthy adults and is increased in acromegalic patients . Clin Endocrinol , 41 : 85 – 93 .