Major Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Multicenter Case-Control Study

REFERENCES

• Hsing , A W and Chokkalingam , A P . 2006 . Prostate cancer epidemiology . Front Biosci , 11 : 1388 – 1413 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourmand , G , Salem , S , Mehrsai , A , Lotfi , M and Amirzargar , M A . 2007 . The risk factors of prostate cancer: a multicentric case-control study in Iran . Asian Pac J Cancer Prev , 8 : 422 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford , E D . 2003 . Epidemiology of prostate cancer . Urology , 62 : 3 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sim , H G and Cheng , C WS . 2005 . Changing demography of prostate cancer in Asia . Eur J Cancer , 41 : 834 – 845 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittemore , A S , Kolonel , L N , Wu , A H , John , E M and Gallagher , R P . 1995 . Prostate cancer in relation to diet, physical activity, and body size in blacks, whites, and Asians in the United States and Canada . J Natl Cancer Inst , 87 : 652 – 661 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes , R B , Ziegler , R G , Gridley , G , Swanson , C and Greenberg , R S . 1999 . Dietary factors and risks for prostate cancer among Blacks and Whites in the United States . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 8 : 25 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramon , J M , Bou , R , Romea , S , Alkiza , M E and Jacas , M . 2000 . Dietary fat intake and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study in Spain . Cancer Causes Control , 11 : 679 – 685 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis , L K , Snetselaar , L G , Smith , B J , Stewart , R E and Robbins , M EC . 2004 . Problems with the assessment of dietary fat in prostate cancer studies . Am J Epidemiol , 160 : 436 – 444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolonel , L N . 2001 . Fat, meat, and prostate cancer . Epidemiol Rev , 23 : 72 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , C , McCullough , M L , Mondul , A M , Jacobs , E J and Chao , A . 2006 . Meat consumption among Black and White men and risk of prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 15 : 211 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , J , La Vecchia , C , DesMeules , M , Negri , E , Mery , L and Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group . 2008 . Meat and fish consumption and cancer in Canada . Nutr Cancer , 60 : 313 – 324 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannucci , E , Rimm , E B , Liu , Y , Stampfer , M J and Willet , W C . 2002 . A prospective study of tomato products, lycopene, and prostate cancer risk . J Natl Cancer Inst , 94 : 391 – 398 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills , P K , Beeson , L , Phillips , R L and Fraser , G E . 1989 . Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in Adventist men . Cancer , 64 : 598 – 604 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain , M G , Hislop , G T , Howe , G R and Ghardirian , P . 1999 . Plant foods, antioxidants, and prostate cancer risk: findings from case-control studies in Canada . Nutr Cancer , 34 : 173 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge , A M , English , D R , McCredie , M RE , Severi , G and Boyle , P . 2004 . Foods, nutrients and prostate cancer . Cancer Causes Control , 15 : 11 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jian , L , Du , C , Lee , A H and Binns , C W . 2005 . Do dietary lycopene and other carotenoids protect against prostate cancer? . Int J Cancer , 113 : 1010 – 1014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsing , A W , Chokkalingam , A P and Goa , Y T . 2002 . Allium vegetables and risk of prostate cancer: a population-based study . J Natl Cancer Inst , 94 : 1648 – 1651 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Key , T J , Silcocks , P B , Davey , G K , Appleby , P N and Bishop , D T . 1997 . A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer . Br J Cancer , 76 : 678 – 687 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severson , R K , Nomura , A M , Grove , J S and Stemmermann , G N . 1989 . A prospective study of demographics, diet, and prostate cancer among men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii . Cancer Res , 49 : 1857 – 1860 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , S Y , Murphy , S P , Wilkens , L R , Henderson , B E and Kolonel , L N . 2007 . Fat and meat intake and prostate cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study . Int J Cancer , 121 : 1339 – 1345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , S Y , Wilkens , L R , Henning , S M , Le Marchand , L and Gao , K . 2009 . Circulating fatty acids and prostate cancer risk in a nested case-control study: the Multiethnic Cohort . Cancer Causes Control , 20 : 211 – 223 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe , F L , Key , T J , Appleby , P N , Travis , R C and Overvad , K . 2008 . Dietary fat intake and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition . Am J Clin Nutr , 87 : 1405 – 1413 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuurman , A G , Van Den Brandt , P A , Dorant , E and Goldbohm , R A . 1999 . Animal products, calcium and protein, and prostate cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study . Br J Cancer , 80 : 1107 – 1113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deneo-Pellegrini , H , De Stefani , E , Ronco , A and Mendilaharsu , M . 1999 . Foods, nutrients, and prostate cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay . Br J Cancer , 80 : 591 – 597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosetti , C , Micelotta , S , Dalmaso , L , Talamini , R and Montella , M . 2004 . Food groups and risk of prostate cancer in Italy . Int J Cancer , 110 : 424 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross , A J , Peters , U , Kirsh , V A , Andriole , G L and Reding , D . 2005 . A prospective study of meat and meat mutagens and prostate cancer risk . Cancer Res , 65 : 11779 – 11784 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuurman , A G , Goldbohm , R A , Dorant , E and Van Den Brandt , P A . 1998 . Vegetable and fruit consumption and prostate cancer risk: a cohort study in the Netherlands . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 7 : 673 – 680 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villeneuve , P J , Johnson , K C , Keiger , N and Mao , Y . 1999 . Risk factors for prostate cancer: results from the Canadian national enhanced cancer surveillance system . Cancer Causes Control , 10 : 355 – 367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , W B . 2004 . A multicountry ecologic study of risk and risk reduction factors for prostate cancer mortality . Eur Urol , 45 : 271 – 279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malekshah , A F , Kimiagar , M , Saadatian-Elahi , M , Pourshams , A and Nouraie , M . 2006 . Validity and reliability of a new food frequency questionnaire compared to 24 h recalls and biochemical measurements: pilot phase of Golestan cohort study of esophageal cancer . Eur J Clin Nutr , 60 : 971 – 977 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourfarzi , F , Whelan , A , Kaldor , J and Malekzadeh , R . 2009 . The role of diet and other environmental factors in the causation of gastric cancer in Iran—a population based study . Int J Cancer , 125 : 1953 – 1960 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islami , F , Malekshah , A F , Kimiagar , M , Pourshams , A and Wakefield , J . 2009 . Patterns of food and nutrient consumption in Northern Iran, a high-risk area for esophageal cancer . Nutr Cancer , 61 : 475 – 483 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman , K J and Greenland , S . 1998 . Modern Epidemiology , Philadelphia : Lippincott William and Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , W B . 1999 . An ecologic study of dietary links to prostate cancer . Altern Med Rev , 4 : 162 – 169 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ganmaa , D , Li , X M , Wang , J , Qin , L Q and Wang , P Y . 2002 . Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices . Int J Cancer , 98 : 262 – 267 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanaugh , C J , Trumbo , P R and Ellwood , K C . 2007 . The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review for qualified health claims: tomatoes, lycopene, and cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst , 99 : 1074 – 1085 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal , S and Rao , A V . 2000 . Tomato lycopene and its role in human health and chronic diseases . CMAJ , 163 : 739 – 744 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norrish , A E , Ferguson , L R , Knize , M G , Felton , J S and Sharpe , S J . 1999 . Heterocyclic amine content of cooked meat and risk of prostate cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst , 91 : 2038 – 2044 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , J Y and Kwon , O . 2009 . Garlic intake and cancer risk: an analysis using the Food and Drug Administration's evidence-based review system for the scientific evaluation of health claims . Am J Clin Nutr , 89 : 257 – 264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner , J A . 2001 . Mechanisms by which garlic and allyl sulfur compounds suppress carcinogen bioactivation. Garlic and carcinogenesis . Adv Exp Med Biol , 492 : 69 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslow , N E and Day , N E . 1980 . Statistical Methods in Cancer Research: Vol. 1. The Analysis of Case-Control Studies , IARC Sci Publ 32 Lyon, , France : IARC .
   Google Scholar