Diets and Hormonal Levels in Postmenopausal Women With or Without Breast Cancer

REFERENCES

• Parkin , D M . 1989 . Cancers of the breast, endometrium and ovary: geographic correlations . Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol , 25 : 1917 – 1925 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willett , W C . 1995 . Diet, nutrition, and avoidable cancer . Environ Health Perspect , 103 ( Suppl 8 ) : 165 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , S . 1998 . Evolution of the health benefits of soy isoflavones . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , 217 : 386 – 392 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Honjo , H , Higashi , A , Fotsis , T Hamalainen , E . 1991 . Urinary excretion of lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens in Japanese men and women consuming a traditional Japanese diet . Am J Clin Nutr , 54 : 1093 – 1100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Gorbach , S L , Goldin , B R , Woods , M N Dwyer , J T . 1994 . Estrogen metabolism and excretion in Oriental and Caucasian women . J Natl Cancer Inst , 86 : 1076 – 1082 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd , N F , Martin , L J , Noffel , M , Lockwood , G A and Trichler , D L . 1993 . A meta-analysis of studies of dietary fat and breast cancer risk . Br J Cancer , 68 : 627 – 636 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong , B and Doll , R . 1975 . Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices . Int J Cancer , 15 : 617 – 631 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter , D J , Spiegelman , D , Adami , H O , Beeson , L Van Den Brandt , P A . 1996 . Cohort studies of fat intake and the risk of breast cancer—a pooled analysis . N Engl J Med , 334 : 356 – 361 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith-Warner , S A , Spiegelman , D , Adami , H O , Beeson , W L Van Den Brandt , P A . 2001 . Types of dietary fat and breast cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies . Int J Cancer , 92 : 767 – 774 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldin , B R , Adlercreutz , H , Gorbach , S L , Woods , M N Dwyer , J T . 1986 . The relationship between estrogen levels and diets of Caucasian American and Oriental immigrant women . Am J Clin Nutr , 44 : 945 – 953 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macmahon , B , Cole , P , Brown , J B , Aoki , K Lin , T M . 1974 . Urine oestrogen profiles of Asian and North American women . Int J Cancer , 14 : 161 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trichopoulos , D , Yen , S , Brown , J , Cole , P and Macmahon , B . 1984 . The effect of Westernization on urine estrogens, frequency of ovulation, and breast cancer risk. A study of ethnic Chinese women in the Orient and the USA . Cancer , 53 : 187 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton , M S , Arisaka , O , Miyake , N , Morgan , L D and Evans , B A . 2002 . Phytoestrogen concentrations in serum from Japanese men and women over forty years of age . J Nutr , 132 : 3168 – 3171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shultz , T D and Leklem , J E . 1983 . Nutrient intake and hormonal status of premenopausal vegetarian Seventh-Day Adventists and premenopausal nonvegetarians . Nutr Cancer , 4 : 247 – 259 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray , G E , Williams , P , Gerkins , V , Brown , J B Armstrong , B . 1982 . Diet and hormone levels in Seventh-Day Adventist teenage girls . Prev Med , 11 : 103 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung , T T , Hu , F B , Holmes , M D , Rosner , B A Hunter , D J . 2005 . Dietary patterns and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer . Int J Cancer , 116 : 116 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Key , T J , Appleby , P N , Reeves , G K , Roddam , A Dorgan , J F . 2003 . Body mass index, serum sex hormones, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women . J Natl Cancer Inst , 95 : 1218 – 1226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo , J and Russo , I H . 2004 . Genotoxicity of steroidal estrogens . Trends Endocrinol Metab , 15 : 211 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue , W , Santen , R J , Wang , J P , Li , Y Verderame , M F . 2003 . Genotoxic metabolites of estradiol in breast: potential mechanism of estradiol induced carcinogenesis . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , 86 : 477 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yager , J D and Davidson , N E . 2006 . Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer . N Engl J Med , 354 : 270 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toniolo , P G , Levitz , M , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte , A , Banerjee , S Koenig , K L . 1995 . A prospective study of endogenous estrogens and breast cancer in postmenopausal women . J Natl Cancer Inst , 87 : 190 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrino , F , Muti , P , Micheli , A , Bolelli , G Krogh , V . 1996 . Serum sex hormone levels after menopause and subsequent breast cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst , 88 : 291 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muti , P , Bradlow , H L , Micheli , A , Krogh , V Freudenheim , J L . 2000 . Estrogen metabolism and risk of breast cancer: a prospective study of the 2:16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio in premenopausal and postmenopausal women . Epidemiology , 11 : 635 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasagian-Macaulay , A , Meilahn , E N , Bradlow , H L , Sepkovic , D W Buhari , A M . 1996 . Urinary markers of estrogen metabolism 2- and 16 alpha-hydroxylation in premenopausal women . Steroids , 61 : 461 – 467 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Longcope , C , Gorbach , S , Goldin , B , Woods , M Dwyer , J . 1987 . The effect of a lowfat diet on estrogen metabolism . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 64 : 1246 – 1250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellejus , A , Olsen , A , Tjonneland , A , Thomsen , B L Overvad , K . 2005 . Urinary hydroxyestrogens and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women: a prospective study . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 14 : 2137 – 2142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldin , B R , Adlercreutz , H , Gorbach , S L , Warram , J H Dwyer , J T . 1982 . Estrogen excretion patterns and plasma levels in vegetarian and omnivorous women . N Engl J Med , 307 : 1542 – 1547 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Fotsis , T and Heikkinen , R . Current state of the art in the analysis of estrogens In Advances in Steroid Analyses. Görög S. ed. Budapest, Ahadémia Kiado, 1982, pp. 3–33.
   Google Scholar
• Kuoppasalmi , K , Naveri , H , Rehunen , S , Harkonen , M and Adlercreutz , H . 1976 . Effect of strenuous anaerobic running exercise on plasma growth hormone, cortisol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, androstenedione, estrone and estradiol . J Steroid Biochem , 7 : 823 – 829 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosner , W . 1972 . A simplified method for the quantitative determination of testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin activity in human plasma . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 34 : 983 – 988 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuoppasalmi , K . 1980 . Plasma testosterone and sex-hormone-binding globulin capacity in physical exercise . Scand J Clin Lab Invest , 40 : 411 – 418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergink , E W , Holma , P and Pyorala , T . 1981 . Effects of oral contraceptive combinations containing levonorgestrel or desogestrel on serum proteins and androgen binding . Scand J Clin Lab Invest , 41 : 663 – 668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fotsis , T and Adlercreutz , H . 1987 . The multicomponent analysis of estrogens in urine by ion exchange chromatography and GC-MS—I. Quantitation of estrogens after initial hydrolysis of conjugates . J Steroid Biochem , 28 : 203 – 213 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Fotsis , T , Bannwart , C , Hamalainen , E Bloigu , S . 1986 . Urinary estrogen profile determination in young Finnish vegetarian and omnivorous women . J Steroid Biochem , 24 : 289 – 296 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uehara , M , Lapcik , O , Hampl , R , Al-Maharik , N Makela , T . 2000 . Rapid analysis of phytoestrogens in human urine by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , 72 : 273 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , G J , Lapcik , O , Hampl , R , Uehara , M Al-Maharik , N . 2000 . Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of plasma daidzein and genistein . Steroids , 65 : 339 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Wang , G J , Lapcik , O , Hampl , R Wahala , K . 1998 . Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for plasma enterolactone . Anal Biochem , 265 : 208 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhrmann , P M , Herbert , B M , Gaster , C and Neuhauser-Berthold , M . 1999 . Validation of a self-administered 3-day estimated dietary record for use in the elderly . Eur J Nutr , 38 : 235 – 240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul , A A and Southgate , D A . 1979 . McCance and Widdowson's “The composition of foods”: dietary fibre in egg, meat, and fish dishes . J Hum Nutr , 33 : 335 – 336 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aubertin-Leheudre , M , Gorbach , S , Woods , M , Dwyer , J T Goldin , B . 2008 . Fat/fiber intakes and sex hormones in healthy premenopausal women in USA . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , 112 : 32 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Procope , B J and Adlercreutz , H . 1969 . Studies on the influence of age on oestrogens in post menopausal women with atrophic endometrium and normal liver function . Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , 62 : 461 – 467 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adami , H O , Johansson , E D , Vegelius , J and Victor , A . 1979 . Serum concentrations of estrone, androstenedione, testosterone and sex-hormone-binding globulin in postmenopausal women with breast cancer and in age-matched controls . J Med Sci , 84 : 259 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Ness , R B , Buhari , A , Gutai , J and Kuller , L H . 2000 . Reproductive history in relation to plasma hormone levels in healthy postmenopausal women . Maturitas , 35 : 149 – 157 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newcomb , P A and Storer , B E . 1995 . Postmenopausal hormone use and risk of large-bowel cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst , 87 : 1067 – 1071 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Gorbach , S , Goldin , B , Woods , M Dwyer , J . 1994 . Diet and urinary estrogen profile in various populations. A preliminary report . Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds , 6 : 261 – 273 .
   Google Scholar
• Willett , W C . 2001 . Diet and breast cancer . J Intern Med , 249 : 395 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayne , S J , Neuhouser , M L Ulrich , C M . 2008 . Dietary fiber is associated with serum sex hormones and insulin-related peptides in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors . Breast Cancer Res Treat , 112 : 149 – 158 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chivers , D J and Hladik , C M . 1980 . Morphology of the gastrointestinal tract in primates: comparisons with other mammals in relation to diet . J Morphol , 166 : 337 – 386 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Hamalainen , E , Gorbach , S L , Goldin , B R Woods , M N . 1989 . Diet and plasma androgens in postmenopausal vegetarian and omnivorous women and postmenopausal women with breast cancer . Am J Clin Nutr , 49 : 433 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankinson , S E , Willett , W C , Manson , J E , Colditz , G A Hunter , D J . 1998 . Plasma sex steroid hormone levels and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women . J Natl Cancer Inst , 90 : 1292 – 1299 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secreto , G , Recchione , C , Cavalleri , A , Miraglia , M and Dati , V . 1983 . Circulating levels of testosterone, 17 beta-oestradiol, luteinising hormone and prolactin in postmenopausal breast cancer patients . Br J Cancer , 47 : 269 – 275 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dorgan , J F , Longcope , C , Stephenson , H E Jr , Falk , RT Miller , R . 1996 . Relation of prediagnostic serum estrogen and androgen levels to breast cancer risk: Relation of prediagnostic serum estrogen and androgen levels to breast cancer risk . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 5 : 533 – 539 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeleniuch-Jacquotte , A , Bruning , P F , Bonfrer , J M , Koenig , K L Shore , R E . 1997 . Relation of serum levels of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women . Am J Epidemiol , 145 : 1030 – 1038 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , H , Shu , X O , Shi , R , Dai , Q Jin , F . 2003 . Plasma sex steroid hormones and breast cancer risk in Chinese women . Int J Cancer , 105 : 92 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Missmer , S A , Eliassen , A H , Barbieri , R L and Hankinson , S E . 2004 . Endogenous estrogen, androgen, and progesterone concentrations and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women . J Natl Cancer Inst , 96 : 1856 – 1865 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamar , C A , Dorgan , J F , Longcope , C , Stanczyk , F Z Falk , R T . 2003 . Serum sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 12 : 380 – 383 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiroutek , M R , Chen , M H , Johnston , C C and Longcope , C . 1998 . Changes in reproductive hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin in a group of postmenopausal women measured over 10 years . Menopause , 5 : 90 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucisano , A , Russo , N Acampora , M G . 1986 . Ovarian and peripheral androgen and oestrogen levels in postmenopausal women: correlations with ovarian histology . Maturitas , 8 : 57 – 65 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Longcope , C . 1995 . The relationship of ovarian production of hormones and degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia in postmenopausal women . Menopause , 5 : 205 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Sluijmer , A V , Heineman , M J , Koudstaal , J , Theunissen , P H de Jong , F H . 1998 . Relationship between ovarian production of estrone, estradiol, testosterone, and androstenedione and the ovarian degree of stromal hyperplasia in postmenopausal women . Menopause , 5 : 207 – 210 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ala-Fossi , S L , Maenpaa , J , Aine , R and Punnonen , R . 1998 . Ovarian testosterone secretion during perimenopause . Maturitas , 29 : 239 – 245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald , P C , Grodin , J M , Edman , C D , Vellios , F and Siiteri , P K . 1976 . Origin of estrogen in a postmenopausal woman with a nonendocrine tumor of the ovary and endometrial hyperplasia . Obstet Gynecol , 47 : 644 – 650 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Martin , F , Pulkkinen , M , Dencker , H Rimer , U . 1976 . Intestinal metabolism of estrogens . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 43 : 497 – 505 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitz , M and Katz , J . 1968 . Enterohepatic metabolism of estriol-3-sulfate-16-glucosiduronate in women . J Clin Endocrinol Metab , 28 : 862 – 868 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osborne , M P , Telang , N T , Kaur , S and Bradlow , H L . 1990 . Influence of chemopreventive agents on estradiol metabolism and mammary preneoplasia in the C3H mouse . Steroids , 55 : 114 – 119 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Telang , N T , Suto , A , Wong , G Y , Osborne , M P and Bradlow , H L . 1992 . Induction by estrogen metabolite 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone of genotoxic damage and aberrant proliferation in mouse mammary epithelial cells . J Natl Cancer Inst , 84 : 634 – 638 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setchell , K D and Cole , S J . 2006 . Method of defining equol-producer status and its frequency among vegetarians . J Nutr , 136 : 2188 – 2193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H . 2007 . Lignans and human health . Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci , 44 : 483 – 525 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liehr , J G and Ricci , M J . 1996 . 4-Hydroxylation of estrogens as marker of human mammary tumors . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 93 : 3294 – 3296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loukovaara , M , Carson , M and Adlercreutz , H . 1995 . Regulation of sex-hormone-binding globulin production by endogenous estrogens in vitro . Biochem Biophys Res Commun , 206 : 895 – 901 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Hockerstedt , K , Bannwart , C , Bloigu , S Hamalainen , E . 1987 . Effect of dietary components, including lignans and phytoestrogens, on enterohepatic circulation and liver metabolism of estrogens and on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) . J Steroid Biochem , 27 : 1135 – 1144 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar