Higher Plasma Homocysteine Is Associated with Increased Risk of Developing Colorectal Polyps

REFERENCES

• Jemal , A , Bray , F , Center , M M , Ferlay , J Ward , E . 2011 . Global cancer statistics . CA Cancer J Clin , 61 : 69 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morson , B . 1974 . President's address. The polyp-cancer sequence in the large bowel . Proc R Soc Med , 67 : 451 – 457 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fearon , E R and Vogelstein , B . 1990 . A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis . Cell , 61 : 759 – 767 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkin , W S , Morson , B C and Cuzick , J . 1992 . Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after excision of rectosigmoid adenomas . N Engl J Med , 326 : 658 – 662 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peipins , L A and Sandler , R S . 1994 . Epidemiology of colorectal adenomas . Epidemiol Rev , 16 : 273 – 297 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashktorab , H , Begum , R , Akhgar , A , Smoot , D T Elbedawi , M . 2007 . Folate status and risk of colorectal polyps in African Americans . Dig Dis Sci , 52 : 1462 – 1470 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , Y I , Fawaz , K , Knox , T , Lee , Y M Vorton , R . 1998 . Colonic mucosal concentrations of folate correlate well with blood measurements of folate status in persons with colorectal polyps . Am J Clin Nutr , 68 : 866 – 872 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez , M E , Henning , S M and Alberts , D S . 2004 . Folate and colorectal neoplasia: relation between plasma and dietary markers of folate and adenoma recurrence . Am J Clin Nutr , 79 : 691 – 697 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheppach , W , Bingham , S , Boutron-Ruault , M C , Gerhardsson de Verdier , M Moreno , V . 1999 . WHO consensus statement on the role of nutrition in colorectal cancer . Eur J Cancer Prev , 8 : 57 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei , E K , Giovannucci , E , Selhub , J , Fuchs , C S Hankinson , SE, . 2005 . Plasma vitamin B6 and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma in women . J Natl Cancer Inst , 97 : 684 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Donk , M , Buijsse , B , van den Berg , S W , Ocke , M C Harryvan , J L . 2005 . Dietary intake of folate and riboflavin, MTHFR C677T genotype, and colorectal adenoma risk: a Dutch case-control study . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 14 : 1562 – 1566 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole , B F , Baron , J A , Sandler , R S , Haile , R W Ahnen , D J . 2007 . Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA , 297 : 2351 – 2359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , P T , Huang , M C , Lee , B J , Cheng , C H Tsai , TP, . 2008 . High plasma homocysteine is associated with the risk of coronary artery disease independent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C→T genotypes . Asia Pac J Clin Nutr , 17 : 330 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Refsum , H and Ueland , P M . 1998 . Recent data are not in conflict with homocysteine as a cardiovascular risk factor . Curr Opin Lipidol , 9 : 533 – 539 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueland , P M , Refsum , H , Beresford , S A and Vollset , S E . 2000 . The controversy over homocysteine and cardiovascular risk . Am J Clin Nutr , 72 : 324 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi , S W and Mason , J B . 2002 . Folate status: effects on pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis . J Nutr , 132 : 2413S – 2418S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , L L and Wu , J T . 2002 . Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cancer and a new potential tumor marker . Clin Chim Acta , 322 : 21 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araki , A and Sako , Y . 1987 . Determination of free and total homocysteine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection . J Chromatogr , 422 : 43 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates , C J , Pentieva , K D , Matthews , N and Macdonald , A . 1999 . A simple, sensitive and reproducible assay for pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid in human plasma . Clin Chim Acta , 280 : 101 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selhub , J , Jacques , P F , Wilson , P W , Rush , D and Rosenberg , I H . 1993 . Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population . JAMA , 270 : 2693 – 2698 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert , V . 1987 . Making sense of laboratory tests of folate status: folate requirements to sustain normality . Am J Hematol , 26 : 199 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine . 1998 . Dietary Reference Intakes. Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B-6, Folate, Vitamin B-12, Pantothenic acid, Biotin, and Choline. , Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ulvik , A , Evensen , E T , Lien , E A , Hoff , G Vollset , SE, . 2001 . Smoking, folate and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase status as interactive determinants of adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps of colorectum . Am J Med Genet , 101 : 246 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato , I , Dnistrian , A M , Schwartz , M , Toniolo , P Koenig , K . 1999 . Serum folate, homocysteine and colorectal cancer risk in women: a nested case-control study . Br J Cancer , 79 : 1917 – 1922 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pufulete , M , Al-Ghnaniem , R , Leather , A J , Appleby , P Gout , S . 2003 . Folate status, genomic DNA hypomethylation, and risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer: a case control study . Gastroenterology , 124 : 1240 – 1248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulvik , A , Vollset , S E , Hansen , S , Gislefoss , R Jellum , E . 2004 . Colorectal cancer and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C→T and methionine synthase 2756A→G polymorphisms: a study of 2,168 case-control pairs from the JANUS cohort . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 13 : 2175 – 2180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez , M E , Giovannucci , E , Jiang , R , Henning , S M Jacobs , ET, . 2006 . Folate fortification, plasma folate, homocysteine and colorectal adenoma recurrence . Int J Cancer , 119 : 1440 – 1446 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , A J , Grau , M V , Mott , L A , Ueland , P M and Baron , J A . 2010 . Baseline plasma total homocysteine and adenoma recurrence: results from a double blind randomized clinical trial of aspirin and folate supplementation . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 19 : 2541 – 2548 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frosst , P , Blom , H J , Milos , R , Goyette , P Sheppard , CA, . 1995 . A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase . Nat Genet , 10 : 111 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , A J , Siegmund , K D , Ervin , C M , Diep , A Lee , ER, . 2000 . The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C→T polymorphism and distal colorectal adenoma risk . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 9 : 657 – 663 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrich , C M , Kampman , E , Bigler , J , Schwartz , S M Chen , C . 1999 . Colorectal adenomas and the C677T MTHFR polymorphism: evidence for gene–environment interaction? . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 8 : 659 – 668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , J , Giovannucci , E , Hankinson , S E , Ma , J Willett , WC, . 1998 . A prospective study of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase gene polymorphisms, and risk of colorectal adenoma . Carcinogenesis , 19 : 2129 – 2132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannucci , E and Martinez , M E . 1996 . Tobacco, colorectal cancer, and adenomas: a review of the evidence . J Natl Cancer Inst , 88 : 1717 – 1730 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji , B T , Weissfeld , J L , Chow , W H , Huang , W Y Schoen , RE, . 2006 . Tobacco smoking and colorectal hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 15 : 897 – 901 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar