REFERENCES
- Harvey , J A and Bovbjerg , V E . 2004 . Quantitative assessment of mammographic breast density: relationship with breast cancer risk . Radiology , 230 : 29 – 41 .
- Boyd , N F , Byng , J W , Jong , R A , Fishell , E K Little , L E . 1995 . Quantitative classification of mammographic densities and breast cancer risk: results from the Canadian National Breast Screening Study . J Natl Cancer Inst , 87 : 670 – 675 .
- Tamimi , R M , Byrne , C , Colditz , G A and Hankinson , S E . 2007 . Endogenous hormone levels, mammographic density, and subsequent risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women . J Natl Cancer Inst , 99 : 1178 – 1187 .
- Li , T , Sun , L , Miller , N , Nicklee , T Woo , J . 2005 . The association of measured breast tissue characteristics with mammographic density and other risk factors for breast cancer . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 14 : 343 – 349 .
- Rutter , C M , Mandelson , M T , Laya , M B , Seger , D J and Taplin , S . 2001 . Changes in breast density associated with initiation, discontinuation, and continuing use of hormone replacement therapy . JAMA , 285 : 171 – 176 .
- Chen , P , Hu , P , Xie , D , Qin , Y Wang , F . 2010 . Meta-analysis of vitamin D, calcium and the prevention of breast cancer . Breast Cancer Res Treat , 121 : 469 – 477 .
- Yin , L , Grandi , N , Raum , E , Haug , U Arndt , V . 2010 . Meta-analysis: serum vitamin D and breast cancer risk . Eur J Cancer , 46 : 2196 – 2205 .
- Bérubé , S , Diorio , C , Masse , B , Hebert-Croteau , N Byrne , C . 2005 . Vitamin D and calcium intakes from food or supplements and mammographic breast density . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 14 : 1653 – 1659 .
- Knight , J A , Vachon , C M , Vierkant , R A , Vieth , R Cerhan , J R . 2006 . No association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mammographic density . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 15 : 1988 – 1982 .
- Cummings , S R , Tice , J A , Bauer , S , Browner , W S Cuzick , J . 2009 . Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: approaches to estimating and reducing risk . J Natl Cancer Inst , 101 : 384 – 398 .
- Peacock , S L , White , E , Daling , J R , Voigt , L F and Malone , K E . 1999 . Relation between obesity and breast cancer in young women . Am J Epidemiol , 149 : 339 – 346 .
- Vieth , R , Bischoff-Ferrari , H , Boucher , B J , Dawson-Huqhes , B Garland , C F . 2007 . The urgent need to recommend an intake of vitamin D that is effective . Am J Clin Nutr , 85 : 649 – 650 .
- Institute of Medicine . 2011 . 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D , Washington , DC : The National Academies Press .
- Tseng , M , Byrne , C , Evers , K A and Daly , M B . 2007 . Dietary intake and breast density in high-risk women: a cross-sectional study . Breast Cancer Res , 9 : R72
- Colangelo , L A , Chiu , B CH , Lopez , P , Scholtens , D Willis , L C . 2006 . A pilot study of vitamin D, calcium, and percent breast density in Hispanic women . Nutrition Research , 26 : 11 – 15 .
- Diorio , C , Berube , S , Byrne , C , Masse , B Hebert-Croteau , N . 2006 . Influence of insulin-like growth factors on the strength of the relation of vitamin D and calcium intakes to mammographic breast density . Cancer Res , 66 : 588 – 597 .
- Sinotte , M , Diorio , C , Berube , S , Pollak , M and Brisson , J . 2009 . Genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D binding protein and plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in premenopausal women . Am J Clin Nutr , 89 : 634 – 640 .
- Chai , W , Maskarinec , G and Cooney , R V . 2010 . Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and mammographic density among premenopausal women in a multiethnic population . Eur J Clin Nutr , 64 : 652 – 654 .
- Green , A K , Hankinson , S E , Bertone-Johnson , E R and Tamimi , R M . 2010 . Mammographic density, plasma vitamin D levels and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women . Int J Cancer , 127 : 667 – 674 .
- Neuhouser , M L , Bernstein , L , Hollis , B W , Xiao , L Ambs , A . 2010 . Serum vitamin D and breast density in breast cancer survivors . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 19 : 412 – 417 .
- Vachon , C M , Pankratz , V S , Scott , C G , Maloney , S D Ghosh , K . 2007 . Longitudinal trends in mammographic percent density and breast cancer risk . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 16 : 921 – 928 .
- Talley , L I , Grizzle , W E , Waterbor , J W , Brown , D Weiss , H . 2002 . Hormone receptors and proliferation in breast carcinomas of equivalent histologic grades in pre and postmenopausal women . Int J Cancer , 98 : 118 – 127 .
- Clemons , M and Goss , P . 2001 . Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer . N Engl J Med , 344 : 276 – 285 .
- Colston , K W and Hansen , C M . 2002 . Mechanisms implicated in the growth regulatory effects of vitamin D in breast cancer . Endocr Relat Cancer , 9 : 45 – 59 .
- Krishnan , A V , Swami , S and Feldman , D . 2010 . Vitamin D and breast cancer: inhibition of estrogen synthesis and signaling . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , 121 : 343 – 348 .
- Lopes , N , Sousa , B , Martins , D , Gomes , M Vieira , D . 2010 . Alterations in Vitamin D signalling and metabolic pathways in breast cancer progression: a study of VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 expression in benign and malignant breast lesions . BMC Cancer , 10 : 483
- Colston , K W , Berger , U and Coombes , R C . 1989 . Possible role for vitamin D in controlling breast cancer cell proliferation . Lancet , 333 : 188 – 191 .
- Irwin , M L , Aiello , E J , McTiernan , A , Bernstein , L Gilliland , F D . 2007 . Physical activity, body mass index, and mammographic density in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors . J Clin Oncol , 25 : 1061 – 1066 .
- Harris , H R , Tamimi , R M , Willett , W C , Hankinson , S E and Michels , K B . 2011 . Body size across the life course, mammographic density, and risk of breast cancer . Am J Epidemiol , 174 : 909 – 918 .
- Conroy , S M , Woolcott , C G , Koga , K R , Byrne , C Nagata , C . 2012 . Mommographic density and risk of breast cancer by adiposity: an analysis of four case-control studies . Int J Cacner , 130 : 1915 – 1924 .
- Wong , C S , Lim , G H , Gao , F , Jakes , R W Offman , J . 2011 . Mammographic density and its interaction with other breast cancer risk factors in an Asian population . Br J Cancer , 104 : 871 – 874 .