Urinary Isothiocyanates Level and Liver Cancer Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study in Shanghai, China

REFERENCES

• Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, et al.: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 61, 69–90, 2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, et al.: GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 11. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2013. Retrieved from http://globocan.iarc.fr
   Google Scholar
• London W and McGlynn K: Liver cancer. In: Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, 3rd ed., Schottenfeld D and Fraumeni JJ (eds.).New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 763–786.
   Google Scholar
• World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. American Institute for Cancer Research, Washington, DC, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Sauvaget C, Nagano J, Hayashi M, Spencer E, Shimizu Y, et al.: Vegetables and fruit intake and cancer mortality in the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study. Br J Cancer 88, 689–694, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braga C, La Vecchia C, Negri E, and Franceschi S: Attributable risks for hepatocellular carcinoma in northern Italy. Eur J Cancer 33, 629–634, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurahashi N, Inoue M, Iwasaki M, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, et al.: Vegetable, fruit and antioxidant nutrient consumption and subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective cohort study in Japan. Br J Cancer 100, 181–184, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu MW, Hsieh HH, Pan WH, Yang CS, and Chen CJ: Vegetable consumption, serum retinol level, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 55, 1301–1305, 1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higdon JV, Delage B, Williams DE, and Dashwood RH: Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis. Pharmacol Res 55, 224–236, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Figueiredo SM, Filho SA, Nogueira-Machado JA, and Caligiorne RB: The anti-oxidant properties of isothiocyanates: a review. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov 7, 213–225, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Yang G, Gao YT, Shu XO, Cai Q, Li GL, et al.: Isothiocyanate exposure, glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms, and colorectal cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 91, 704–711, 2010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moy KA, Yuan JM, Chung FL, Wang XL, Van Den Berg D, et al.: Isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China. Int J Cancer 125, 2652–2659, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu QJ, Xie L, Zheng W, Vogtmann E, Li HL, et al.: Cruciferous vegetables consumption and the risk of female lung cancer: a prospective study and a meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 24, 1918–1924, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu QJ, Yang Y, Wang J, Han LH, and Xiang YB: Cruciferous vegetable consumption and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Cancer Sci 104, 1067–1073, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu QJ, Yang Y, Vogtmann E, Wang J, Han LH, et al.: Cruciferous vegetables intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Oncol 24, 1079–1087, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• London SJ, Yuan JM, Chung FL, Gao YT, Coetzee GA, et al.: Isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms, and lung-cancer risk: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China. Lancet 356, 724–729, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowke JH, Chung FL, Jin F, Qi D, Cai Q, et al.: Urinary isothiocyanate levels, brassica, and human breast cancer. Cancer Res 63, 3980–3986, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conaway CC, Yang YM, and Chung FL: Isothiocyanates as cancer chemopreventive agents: their biological activities and metabolism in rodents and humans. Curr Drug Metab 3, 233–255, 2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht SS: Inhibition of carcinogenesis by isothiocyanates. Drug Metab Rev 32, 395–411, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y and Talalay P: Anticarcinogenic activities of organic isothiocyanates: chemistry and mechanisms. Cancer Res 54, 1976S–1981S, 1994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh CT and Yen GC: Effect of sulforaphane on metallothionein expression and induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Carcinogenesis 26, 2138–2148, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arsura M and Cavin LG: Nuclear factor-kappaB and liver carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 229, 157–169, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsharkawy AM and Mann DA: Nuclear factor-kappaB and the hepatic inflammation-fibrosis-cancer axis. Hepatology 46, 590–597, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng W, Chow WH, Yang G, Jin F, Rothman N, et al.: The Shanghai Women's Health Study: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics. Am J Epidemiol 162, 1123–1131, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai H, Zheng W, Xiang YB, Xu WH, Yang G, et al.: Dietary patterns and their correlates among middle-aged and elderly Chinese men: a report from the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Br J Nutr 98, 1006–1013, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villegas R, Yang G, Liu D, Xiang YB, Cai H. et al.: Validity and reproducibility of the food-frequency questionnaire used in the Shanghai men's health study. Br J Nutr 97, 993–1000, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung FL, Jiao D, Getahun SM, and Yu MC: A urinary biomarker for uptake of dietary isothiocyanates in humans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7, 103–108, 1998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu X, Zhu L, and Gao Y: Determination of isothiocyanates in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography. Se Pu 22, 30–32, 2004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slot C: Plasma creatinine determination. A new and specific Jaffe reaction method. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 17, 381–387, 1965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X and Lv K: Cruciferous vegetables intake is inversely associated with risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast 22, 309–313, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu B, Mao Q, Lin Y, Zhou F, and Xie L: The association of cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Urol 31, 127–133, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu B, Mao Q, Cao M, and Xie L: Cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Urol 19, 134–141, 2012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Z, Smith TJ, Wang E, Eklind KI, Chung FL, et al.: Structure-activity relationships of arylalkyl isothiocyanates for the inhibition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone metabolism and the modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rats and mice. Carcinogenesis 14, 1167–1173, 1993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin RK, Zhou N, Lyu YL, Tsai YC, Lu CH, et al.: Dietary isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis via thiol modification of DNA topoisomerase IIα. J Biol Chem 286, 33591–33600, 2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y: Cancer-preventive isothiocyanates: measurement of human exposure and mechanism of action. Mutat Res 555, 173–190, 2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitz MR, Duphorne CM, Detry MA, Pillow PC, Amos CI, et al.: Dietary intake of isothiocyanates: evidence of a joint effect with glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms in lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9, 1017–1020, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epplein M, Wilkens LR, Tiirikainen M, Dyba M, Chung FL, et al.: Urinary isothiocyanates; glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms; and risk of colorectal cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18, 314–320, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowke JH, Gao YT, Chow WH, Cai Q, Shu XO, et al.: Urinary isothiocyanate levels and lung cancer risk among non-smoking women: a prospective investigation. Lung Cancer-J Iaslc 73, 18–24, 2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seow A, Shi CY, Chung FL, Jiao D, Hankin JH, et al.: Urinary total isothiocyanate (ITC) in a population-based sample of middle-aged and older Chinese in Singapore: relationship with dietary total ITC and glutathione S-transferase M1/T1/P1 genotypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7, 775–781, 1998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowke JH, Shu XO, Dai Q, Shintani A, Conaway CC, et al.: Urinary isothiocyanate excretion, brassica consumption, and gene polymorphisms among women living in Shanghai, China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12, 1536–1539, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan JM, Ross RK, Stanczyk FZ, Govindarajan S, Gao YT, et al.: A cohort study of serum testosterone and hepatocellular carcinoma in Shanghai, China. Int J Cancer 63, 491–493, 1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam TK, Gallicchio L, Lindsley K, Shiels M, Hammond E, et al.: Cruciferous vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18, 184–195, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar