Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Inhibits Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) Elevated Osteoblast Potential of Metastatic Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells in Mammary Microcalcification

References

• Ferranti C, Coopmans de Yoldi G, Biganzoli E, Bergonzi S, Mariani L, et al. Relationships between age, mammographic features and pathological tumour characteristics in non-palpable breast cancer. Br J Radiol 73, 698–705, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofvind S, Iversen BF, Eriksen L, Styr BM, Kjellevold K, et al. Mammographic morphology and distribution of calcifications in ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed in organized screening. Acta Radiol 52, 481–487, 2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma T, Radosevich JA, Pachori G, and Mandal CC: A molecular view of pathological microcalcification in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 21, 25–40, 2016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling H, Liu ZB, Xu LH, Xu XL, Liu GY, et al. Malignant calcification is an important unfavorable prognostic factor in primary invasive breast cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 9, 139–145, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker R, Rogers K, Shepherd N, and Stone N: New relationships between breast microcalcifications and cancer. Br J Cancer 103, 1034–1039, 2010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rucci N and Teti A: 1. Abstract 2. The metastasis process 3. Bone as preferential site of metastasis 4. Osteomimicry 4.1. Osteomimicry in osteolytic bone metastases 4.2. Osteomimicry in osteoblastic bone metastases. Front Biosci 2, 907–915, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Choudhari A, Desai P, Indumati V, and Kadi S: Activities of serum Ada, GGT and alp in carcinoma breast – a case control study for diagnostic and prognostic significance. Indian J Med Sci 67, 123, 2013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Usoro NI, Omabbe MC, Usoro CA, and Nsonwu A: Calcium, inorganic phosphates, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in breast cancer patients in Calabar, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 10, 9–13, 2010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan CC, Li GX, Tan LD, Du X, Li XQ, et al. Breast cancer cells obtain an osteomimetic feature via epithelial-mesenchymal transition that have undergone BMP2/RUNX2 signaling pathway induction. Oncotarget 7, 79688–79705, 2016. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12939
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghosh-Choudhury N, Mandal CC, Das F, Ganapathy S, Ahuja S, et al. c-Abl-dependent molecular circuitry involving smad 5 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulates bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced osteogenesis. J Biol Chem M113, 455733, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury K, Sharma A, Sharma T, Kumar S, and Mandal CC: Simvastatin and MBCD inhibit breast cancer-induced osteoclast activity by targeting osteoclastogenic factors. Cancer Invest 35, 403–413, 2017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury K, Sharma A, Kumar S, Gunjan GK, Nag A, et al. Colocynth extracts prevent epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stemness of breast cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 8, 593, 2017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Bandyopadhayaya S, Chowdhury K, Sharma T, Maheshwari R, et al. Metformin exhibited anticancer activity by lowering cellular cholesterol content in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 14, e0209435, 2019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal CC, Ghosh-Choudhury T, Dey N, Choudhury GG, and Ghosh-Choudhury N: miR-21 is targeted by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid to regulate breast tumor CSF-1 expression. Carcinogenesis 33, 1897–1908, 2012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal CC, Ghosh-Choudhury T, Yoneda T, Choudhury GG, and Ghosh-Choudhury N: Fish oil prevents breast cancer cell metastasis to bone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 402, 602–607, 2010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal CC, Das F, Ganapathy S, Harris SE, Choudhury GG, et al. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) activates NFATc1 transcription factor via an autoregulatory loop involving Smad/Akt/Ca2+ signaling. J Biol Chem 291, 1148–1161, 2016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal CC, Ganapathy S, Gorin Y, Mahadev K, Block K, et al. Reactive oxygen species derived from Nox4 mediate BMP2 gene transcription and osteoblast differentiation. Biochem J 433, 393–402, 2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh-Choudhury N, Mandal CC, Das F, Ganapathy S, Ahuja S, et al. c-Abl-dependent molecular circuitry involving Smad5 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulates bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced osteogenesis. J Biol Chem 288, 24503–24517, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury K, Sharma A, Sharma T, Kumar S, and Mandal CC: Simvastatin and MBCD inhibit breast cancer-induced osteoclast activity by targeting osteoclastogenic factors. Cancer Invest 35, 403–413,2017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang D, Prasad H, and Rao R: Secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPases promote in vitro microcalcifications in breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 56, 2474–2485, 2017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buijs JT and van der Pluijm G: Osteotropic cancers: from primary tumor to bone. Cancer Lett 273, 177–193, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millán JL: The role of phosphatases in the initiation of skeletal mineralization. Calcif Tissue Int 93, 299–306, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh A, Pandey A, Tewari M, Kumar R, Sharma A, et al. Advanced stage of breast cancer hoist alkaline phosphatase activity: risk factor for females in India. 3 Biotech 3, 517–520, 2013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iwadate Y, Suganami A, Tamura Y, Matsutani T, Hirono S, et al. The pluripotent stem-cell marker alkaline phosphatase is highly expressed in refractory glioblastoma with DNA hypomethylation. Neurosurgery 80, 248–256, 2017. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyw026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox RF, Hernandez-Santana A, Ramdass S, McMahon G, Harmey JH, et al. Microcalcifications in breast cancer: novel insights into the molecular mechanism and functional consequence of mammary mineralisation. Br J Cancer 106, 525–537,2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, Ridall AL, and Karsenty G: Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation. Cell 89, 747–754, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vishal M, Swetha R, Thejaswini G, Arumugam B, and Selvamurugan N: Role of Runx2 in breast cancer-mediated bone metastasis. Int J Biol Macromol 99, 608–614, 2017. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scimeca M, Antonacci C, Toschi N, Giannini E, Bonfiglio R, et al. Breast osteoblast-like cells: a reliable early marker for bone metastases from breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 18, e659–e669, 2018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, et al. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell 108, 17–29, 2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logothetis CJ and Lin S-H: Osteoblasts in prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Nat Rev Cancer 5, 21–28, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steeg PS: Tumor metastasis: mechanistic insights and clinical challenges. Nat Med 12, 895–904, 2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu S, Wu J, Bao Q, Yao B, Duan R, et al. Osterix promotes the migration and angiogenesis of breast cancer by upregulation of S100A4 expression. J Cell Mol Med 23, 1116–1127, 2019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai QS, Zhou HY, Wu ZH, Long JT, Shao N, et al. Osterix transcriptional factor is involved in the metastasis of human breast cancers. Oncol Lett 10, 1870–1874, 2015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merendino N, Costantini L, Manzi L, Molinari R, D'Eliseo D, et al. Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA: a potential adjuvant in the treatment of cancer. Biomed Res Int 2013, 310186, 2013. doi: 10.1155/2013/310186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abedin M, Lim J, Tang TB, Park D, Demer LL, et al. N-3 fatty acids inhibit vascular calcification via the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma pathways. Circ Res 98, 727–729, 2006. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000216009.68958.e6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanai S, Uto K, Honda K, Hagiwara N, and Oda H: Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces warfarin-induced arterial calcification in rats. Atherosclerosis 215, 43–51, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar