References
- Apemah T. From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals: an assessment of maternal health in Ga South district. University of Ghana; 2017.
- Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(2):87–108. doi:https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21262
- Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
- Gupta G, Lee CD, Guye ML, Van Sciver RE, Lee MP, Lafever AC, Pang A, Tang-Tan AM, Winston JS, Samli B, et al. Unmet clinical need: developing prognostic biomarkers and precision medicine to forecast early tumor relapse, detect chemo-resistance and improve overall survival in high-risk breast cancer. Ann Breast Cancer Ther. 2020;4(1):48–57. doi:https://doi.org/10.36959/739/525
- Debatin K-M, Krammer PH. Death receptors in chemotherapy and cancer. Oncogene. 2004;23(16):2950–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207558
- Lowe SW, Cepero E, Evan G. Intrinsic tumour suppression. Nature. 2004;432(7015):307–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03098
- Maier S, Dahlstroem C, Haefliger C, Plum A, Piepenbrock C. Identifying DNA methylation biomarkers of cancer drug response. Am J Pharmacogenomics. 2005;5(4):223–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.2165/00129785-200505040-00003
- Taylor ST, Hickman JA, Dive C. Epigenetic determinants of resistance to etoposide regulation of Bcl-XL and Bax by tumor microenvironmental factors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92(1):18–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/92.1.18
- Lu W, Kang Y. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer progression and metastasis. Dev Cell. 2019;49(3):361–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.010
- Hazra B, Ghosh S, Kumar A, Pandey B. The prospective role of plant products in radiotherapy of cancer: a current overview. Front Pharmacol. 2011;2:94.
- Li Z, Zhang L, Ma Z, Yang M, Tang J, Fu Y, Mao Y, Hong X, Zhang Y. ETV1 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human gastric cancer cells through the upregulation of Snail expression. Oncol Rep. 2013;30(6):2859–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2776
- Kalluri R, Weinberg RA. The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(6):1420–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI39104
- Timmerman LA, Grego-Bessa J, Raya A, Bertrán E, Pérez-Pomares JM, Díez J, Aranda S, Palomo S, McCormick F, Izpisúa-Belmonte JC, et al. Notch promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition during cardiac development and oncogenic transformation. Genes Dev. 2004;18(1):99–115. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.276304
- Kim H-J, Litzenburger BC, Cui X, Delgado DA, Grabiner BC, Lin X, Lewis MT, Gottardis MM, Wong TW, Attar RM, et al. Constitutively active type I insulin-like growth factor receptor causes transformation and xenograft growth of immortalized mammary epithelial cells and is accompanied by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition mediated by NF-kappaB and snail. Mol Cell Biol. 2007;27(8):3165–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.01315-06
- Yook JI, Li X-Y, Ota I, Fearon ER, Weiss SJ. Wnt-dependent regulation of the E-cadherin repressor snail. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(12):11740–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M413878200
- Grotegut S, von Schweinitz D, Christofori G, Lehembre F. Hepatocyte growth factor induces cell scattering through MAPK/Egr-1-mediated upregulation of Snail. Embo J. 2006;25(15):3534–45. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601213
- Yoo YA, Kang MH, Lee HJ, Kim B-h, Park JK, Kim HK, Kim JS, Oh SC. Sonic hedgehog pathway promotes metastasis and lymphangiogenesis via activation of Akt, EMT, and MMP-9 pathway in gastric cancer. Cancer Res. 2011;71(22):7061–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1338
- Lamouille S, Connolly E, Smyth JW, Akhurst RJ, Derynck R. TGF-β-induced activation of mTOR complex 2 drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell invasion. J Cell Sci. 2012;125(Pt 5):1259–73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.095299
- Gonzalez DM, Medici D. Signaling mechanisms of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Sci Signal. 2014;7(344):re8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2005189
- Lamouille S, Xu J, Derynck R. Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15(3):178–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3758
- Huang RY-J, Guilford P, Thiery JP. Early events in cell adhesion and polarity during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The Company of Biologists Ltd; 2012.
- Hill C, Wang Y. The importance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy in cancer drug resistance. Cancer Drug Resistance (Alhambra, Calif). 2020;3:38.
- Kumar A, Jaitak V. Natural products as multidrug resistance modulators in cancer. Eur J Med Chem. 2019;176:268–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.027
- Dandawate P, Padhye S, Ahmad A, Sarkar FH. Novel strategies targeting cancer stem cells through phytochemicals and their analogs. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2013;3(2):165–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-012-0079-x
- Miele L, Golde T, Osborne B. Notch signaling in cancer. Curr Mol Med. 2006;6(8):905–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/156652406779010830
- Miele L, Osborne B. Arbiter of differentiation and death: Notch signaling meets apoptosis. J Cell Phys. 1999;181(3):393–409. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199912)181:3<393::AID-JCP3>3.0.CO;2-6
- Fortini ME. Notch signaling: the core pathway and its posttranslational regulation. Dev Cell. 2009;16(5):633–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.03.010
- Uramoto H, Iwata T, Onitsuka T, Shimokawa H, Hanagiri T, Oyama T. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in EGFR-TKI acquired resistant lung adenocarcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2010;30(7):2513–7.
- Xie M, Zhang L, He C-s, Xu F, Liu J-l, Hu Z-h, Zhao L-p, Tian Y. Activation of Notch-1 enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gefitinib-acquired resistant lung cancer cells. J Cell Biochem. 2012;113(5):1501–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24019
- Siebzehnrubl FA, Silver DJ, Tugertimur B, Deleyrolle LP, Siebzehnrubl D, Sarkisian MR, Devers KG, Yachnis AT, Kupper MD, Neal D, et al. The ZEB1 pathway links glioblastoma initiation, invasion and chemoresistance. EMBO Mol Med. 2013;5(8):1196–212. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201302827
- Yun J, Pannuti A, Espinoza I, Zhu H, Hicks C, Zhu X, Caskey M, Rizzo P, D’Souza G, Backus K, et al. Crosstalk between PKCα and Notch-4 in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncogenesis. 2013;2:e60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/oncsis.2013.26
- Meng RD, Shelton CC, Li Y-M, Qin L-X, Notterman D, Paty PB, Schwartz GK. gamma-Secretase inhibitors abrogate oxaliplatin-induced activation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway in colon cancer cells resulting in enhanced chemosensitivity. Cancer Res. 2009;69(2):573–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-08-2088
- Yu L, Fan Z, Fang S, Yang J, Gao T, Simões BM, Eyre R, Guo W, Clarke RB. Cisplatin selects for stem-like cells in osteosarcoma by activating Notch signaling. Oncotarget. 2016;7(22):33055–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8849
- Logan CY, Nusse R. The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2004;20:781–810. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.113126
- Clevers H, Nusse R. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and disease. Cell. 2012;149(6):1192–205. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.012
- Onder TT, Gupta PB, Mani SA, Yang J, Lander ES, Weinberg RA. Loss of E-cadherin promotes metastasis via multiple downstream transcriptional pathways. Cancer Res. 2008;68(10):3645–54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-07-2938
- Gordon MD, Nusse R. Wnt signaling: multiple pathways, multiple receptors, and multiple transcription factors. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(32):22429–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R600015200
- Kohn AD, Moon RT. Wnt and calcium signaling: β-catenin-independent pathways. Cell Calcium. 2005;38(3–4):439–46.
- Lin SY, Xia W, Wang JC, Kwong KY, Spohn B, Wen Y, Pestell RG, Hung MC. Beta-catenin, a novel prognostic marker for breast cancer: its roles in cyclin D1 expression and cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97(8):4262–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.060025397
- Flahaut M, Meier R, Coulon A, Nardou KA, Niggli FK, Martinet D, Beckmann JS, Joseph J-M, Mühlethaler-Mottet A, Gross N, et al. The Wnt receptor FZD1 mediates chemoresistance in neuroblastoma through activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Oncogene. 2009;28(23):2245–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.80
- Liu L, Zhu H, Liao Y, Wu W, Liu L, Liu L, Wu Y, Sun F, Lin H-W. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway reverses multi-drug resistance and EMT in Oct4+/Nanog + NSCLC cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;127:110225. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110225
- Chau WK, Ip CK, Mak ASC, Lai H-C, Wong AST. c-Kit mediates chemoresistance and tumor-initiating capacity of ovarian cancer cells through activation of Wnt/β-catenin-ATP-binding cassette G2 signaling. Oncogene. 2013;32(22):2767–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2012.290
- Yamamoto TM, McMellen A, Watson ZL, Aguilera J, Ferguson R, Nurmemmedov E, Thakar T, Moldovan G-L, Kim H, Cittelly DM, et al. Activation of Wnt signaling promotes olaparib resistant ovarian cancer. Mol Carcinog. 2019;58(10):1770–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.23064
- Fukumoto T, Zhu H, Nacarelli T, Karakashev S, Fatkhutdinov N, Wu S, Liu P, Kossenkov AV, Showe LC, Jean S, et al. N6-methylation of adenosine of FZD10 mRNA contributes to PARP inhibitor resistance. Cancer Res. 2019;79(11):2812–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-18-3592
- Nagaraj AB, Joseph P, Kovalenko O, Singh S, Armstrong A, Redline R, Resnick K, Zanotti K, Waggoner S, DiFeo A, et al. Critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in driving epithelial ovarian cancer platinum resistance. Oncotarget. 2015;6(27):23720–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4690
- Chartier C, Raval J, Axelrod F, Bond C, Cain J, Dee-Hoskins C, Ma S, Fischer MM, Shah J, Wei J, et al. Therapeutic targeting of tumor-derived R-spondin attenuates β-catenin signaling and tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types. Cancer Res. 2016;76(3):713–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-0561
- Fischer MM, Yeung VP, Cattaruzza F, Hussein R, Yen W-C, Murriel C, Evans JW, O’Young G, Brunner AL, Wang M, et al. RSPO3 antagonism inhibits growth and tumorigenicity in colorectal tumors harboring common Wnt pathway mutations. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15704-y
- Piva M, Domenici G, Iriondo O, Rábano M, Simões BM, Comaills V, Barredo I, López-Ruiz JA, Zabalza I, Kypta R, et al. Sox2 promotes tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. EMBO Mol Med. 2014;6(1):66–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201303411
- Beachy PA, Karhadkar SS, Berman DM. Tissue repair and stem cell renewal in carcinogenesis. Nature. 2004;432(7015):324–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03100
- Karhadkar SS, Bova GS, Abdallah N, Dhara S, Gardner D, Maitra A, Isaacs JT, Berman DM, Beachy PA. Hedgehog signalling in prostate regeneration, neoplasia and metastasis. Nature. 2004;431(7009):707–12.
- Taipale J, Beachy PA. The Hedgehog and Wnt signalling pathways in cancer. Nature. 2001;411(6835):349–54.
- Li X, Deng W, Nail CD, Bailey SK, Kraus MH, Ruppert JM, Lobo-Ruppert SM. Snail induction is an early response to Gli1 that determines the efficiency of epithelial transformation. Oncogene. 2006;25(4):609–21.
- Murone M, Rosenthal A, de Sauvage FJ. Sonic hedgehog signaling by the patched–smoothened receptor complex. Curr Biol. 1999;9(2):76–84.
- Niyaz M, Khan MS, Wani RA, Shah OJ, Mudassar S. Sonic hedgehog protein is frequently up-regulated in pancreatic cancer compared to colorectal cancer. Pathol Oncol Res. 2020;26(1):551–7.
- Qin T, Li B, Feng X, Fan S, Liu L, Liu D, Mao J, Lu Y, Yang J, Yu X, et al. Abnormally elevated USP37 expression in breast cancer stem cells regulates stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cisplatin sensitivity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018;37(1):287. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-018-0934-9
- Ahmad A, Maitah MY, Ginnebaugh KR, Li Y, Bao B, Gadgeel SM, Sarkar FH. Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling sensitizes NSCLC cells to standard therapies through modulation of EMT-regulating miRNAs. J Hematol Oncol. 2013;6(1):77. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-8722-6-77
- Ma S, Liu D, Tan W, Du B, Liu W, Li W, Jiao Y. Interference with SMO increases chemotherapy drug sensitivity of A2780/DDP cells by inhibiting the Hh/Gli signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem. 2020;121(5-6):3256–3265. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29593
- Peiris-Pagès M, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Chemotherapy induces the cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype, activating paracrine Hedgehog-GLI signalling in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2015;6(13):10728–10745. doi: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.3828
- King D, Yeomanson D, Bryant HE. PI3King the lock: targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as a novel therapeutic strategy in neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol/Oncol. 2015;37(4):245–251. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0000000000000329
- Rafalski VA, Brunet A. Energy metabolism in adult neural stem cell fate. Prog Neurobiol. 2011;93(2):182–203.
- Guo Q, Jing F-J, Xu W, Li X, Li X, Sun J-L, Xing X-M, Zhou C-K, Jing F-B. Ubenimex induces autophagy inhibition and EMT suppression to overcome cisplatin resistance in GC cells by perturbing the CD13/EMP3/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB axis. Aging (Albany NY). 2019;12(1):80–105. doi: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102598
- Orton RJ, Sturm OE, Vyshemirsky V, Calder M, Gilbert DR, Kolch W. Computational modelling of the receptor-tyrosine-kinase-activated MAPK pathway. Biochem J. 2005;392(Pt 2):249–261. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20050908
- Schlessinger J. Ligand-induced, receptor-mediated dimerization and activation of EGF receptor. Cell. 2002;110(6):669–672.
- Kent C, Reed IG. Regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer: connecting PI3K, estrogen signaling, and microRNAs. Clin Transl Oncol. 2016;18(11):1056–1061.
- Khan P, Bhattacharya A, Sengupta D, Banerjee S, Adhikary A, Das T. Aspirin enhances cisplatin sensitivity of resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma stem-like cells by targeting mTOR-Akt axis to repress migration. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):16913. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53134-0
- Kuroda H, Takeno M, Murakami S, Miyazawa N, Kaneko T, Ishigatsubo Y. Inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 with an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor and cisplatin decreases proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells. Lung Cancer. 2010;67(1):31–36.
- Tian M, Schiemann WP. TGF-β stimulation of EMT programs elicits non-genomic ER-α activity and anti-estrogen resistance in breast cancer cells. J Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2017;3:150–160.
- Ma S, Lee TK, Zheng BJ, Chan KW, Guan XY. CD133+ HCC cancer stem cells confer chemoresistance by preferential expression of the Akt/PKB survival pathway. Oncogene. 2008;27(12):1749–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210811
- Lin Y, Wang X, Jin H. EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC patients: mechanisms and strategies. Am J Cancer Res. 2014;4(5):411–35.
- Witta SE, Gemmill RM, Hirsch FR, Coldren CD, Hedman K, Ravdel L, Helfrich B, Dziadziuszko R, Chan DC, Sugita M, et al. Restoring E-cadherin expression increases sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 2006;66(2):944–50.: doi: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-05-1988
- Chang T-H, Tsai M-F, Su K-Y, Wu S-G, Huang C-P, Yu S-L, Yu Y-L, Lan C-C, Yang C-H, Lin S-B, et al. Slug confers resistance to the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(8):1071–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201009-1440OC
- Xie M, He CS, Wei SH, Zhang L. Notch-1 contributes to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor acquired resistance in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(16):3559–72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2013.07.007
- Yoshida T, Song L, Bai Y, Kinose F, Li J, Ohaegbulam KC, Muñoz-Antonia T, Qu X, Eschrich S, Uramoto H, et al. ZEB1 mediates acquired resistance to the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0147344. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147344
- Zhang YE. Non-Smad pathways in TGF-β signaling. Cell Res. 2009;19(1):128–139. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2008.328
- Li J, Liu H, Yu J, Yu H. Chemoresistance to doxorubicin induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition via upregulation of transforming growth factor β signaling in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12(1):192–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3356
- Wu Q, Wang R, Yang Q, Hou X, Chen S, Hou Y, Chen C, Yang Y, Miele L, Sarkar FH, et al. Chemoresistance to gemcitabine in hepatoma cells induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and involves activation of PDGF-D pathway. Oncotarget. 2013;4(11):1999–2009.
- Oliveras-Ferraros C, Corominas-Faja B, Cufí S, Vazquez-Martin A, Martin-Castillo B, Iglesias JM, López-Bonet E, Martin ÁG, Menendez JA. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers primary resistance to trastuzumab (Herceptin). Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex). 2012;11(21):4020–4032. doi:https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.22225
- Wang SE, Xiang B, Guix M, Olivares MG, Parker J, Chung CH, Pandiella A, Arteaga CL. Transforming growth factor beta engages TACE and ErbB3 to activate phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer and desensitizes cells to trastuzumab. Mol Cell Biol. 2008;28(18):5605–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00787-08
- Bai W-D, Ye X-M, Zhang M-Y, Zhu H-Y, Xi W-J, Huang X, Zhao J, Gu B, Zheng G-X, Yang A-G, et al. MiR-200c suppresses TGF-β signaling and counteracts trastuzumab resistance and metastasis by targeting ZNF217 and ZEB1 in breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(6):1356–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28782
- Wang Z, Li Y, Ahmad A, Azmi AS, Kong D, Banerjee S, Sarkar FH. Targeting miRNAs involved in cancer stem cell and EMT regulation: An emerging concept in overcoming drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 2010;13(4–5):109–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drup.2010.07.001
- Conze D, Weiss L, Regen PS, Bhushan A, Weaver D, Johnson P, Rincón M. Autocrine production of interleukin 6 causes multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2001;61(24):8851–8.
- Takebe N, Warren RQ, Ivy SP. Breast cancer growth and metastasis: interplay between cancer stem cells, embryonic signaling pathways and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(3):211.
- Fujita Y, Kojima K, Hamada N, Ohhashi R, Akao Y, Nozawa Y, Deguchi T, Ito M. Effects of miR-34a on cell growth and chemoresistance in prostate cancer PC3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;377(1):114–119.
- Ji Q, Hao X, Zhang M, Tang W, Yang M, Li L, Xiang D, Desano JT, Bommer GT, Fan D, et al. MicroRNA miR-34 inhibits human pancreatic cancer tumor-initiating cells. PLoS One. 2009;4(8):e6816.
- Datta J, Kutay H, Nasser MW, Nuovo GJ, Wang B, Majumder S, Liu C-G, Volinia S, Croce CM, Schmittgen TD, et al. Methylation mediated silencing of MicroRNA-1 gene and its role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 2008;68(13):5049–5058.
- Li Y, VandenBoom TG, Kong D, Wang Z, Ali S, Philip PA, Sarkar FH. Up-regulation of miR-200 and let-7 by natural agents leads to the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2009;69(16):6704–6712.
- Wang X, Meng Q, Qiao W, Ma R, Ju W, Hu J, Lu H, Cui J, Jin Z, Zhao Y, et al. miR-181b/Notch2 overcome chemoresistance by regulating cancer stem cell-like properties in NSCLC. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;9(1):327.
- Zhu Y, Wang C, Becker SA, Hurst K, Nogueira LM, Findlay VJ, Camp ER. miR-145 antagonizes SNAI1-mediated stemness and radiation resistance in colorectal cancer. Mol Ther. 2018;26(3):744–754.
- Li L, Xu Q-H, Dong Y-H, Li G-X, Yang L, Wang L-W, Li H-Y. MiR-181a upregulation is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR) of ovarian cancer cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(10):2004–10.
- Chen Y, Sun Y, Chen L, Xu X, Zhang X, Wang B, Min L, Liu W. miRNA-200c increases the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin through the suppression of E-cadherin-mediated PTEN/Akt signaling. Mol Med Rep. 2013;7(5):1579–1584.
- Hu S-H, Wang C-H, Huang Z-J, Liu F, Xu C-W, Li X-L, Chen G-Q. miR-760 mediates chemoresistance through inhibition of epithelial mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(23):5002–5008.
- Raza U, Saatci Ö, Uhlmann S, Ansari SA, Eyüpoğlu E, Yurdusev E, Mutlu M, Ersan PG, Altundağ MK, Zhang JD, et al. The miR-644a/CTBP1/p53 axis suppresses drug resistance by simultaneous inhibition of cell survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Oncotarget. 2016;7(31):49859–49877.
- Li Y, Huang S, Li Y, Zhang W, He K, Zhao M, Lin H, Li D, Zhang H, Zheng Z, et al. Decreased expression of LncRNA SLC25A25-AS1 promotes proliferation, chemoresistance, and EMT in colorectal cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 2016;37(10):14205–14215.
- Liao H, Bai Y, Qiu S, Zheng L, Huang L, Liu T, Wang X, Liu Y, Xu N, Yan X, et al. MiR-203 downregulation is responsible for chemoresistance in human glioblastoma by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via SNAI2. Oncotarget. 2015;6(11):8914–8928.
- Jin Z, Guan L, Song Y, Xiang G-M, Chen S-X, Gao B. MicroRNA-138 regulates chemoresistance in human non-small cell lung cancer via epithelial mesenchymal transition. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(6):1080–1086.
- Jiang L, He D, Yang D, Chen Z, Pan Q, Mao A, Cai Y, Li X, Xing H, Shi M, et al. MiR-489 regulates chemoresistance in breast cancer via epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway. FEBS Lett. 2014;588(11):2009–2015. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.024
- Ju BL, Chen YB, Zhang WY, Yu CH, Zhu DQ, et al. miR-145 regulates chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via epithelial mesenchymal transition. 2015.
- Margueron R, Duong V, Castet A, Cavaillès V. Histone deacetylase inhibition and estrogen signalling in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004;68(6):1239–1246.
- Tryndyak VP, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. E-cadherin transcriptional down-regulation by epigenetic and microRNA-200 family alterations is related to mesenchymal and drug-resistant phenotypes in human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2010;126(11):2575–83. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24972
- Li J, Liu P, Mao H, Wanga A, Zhang X. Emodin sensitizes paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in vitro. Oncol Rep. 2009;21(6):1605–10.
- Arafa E-SA, Zhu Q, Shah ZI, Wani G, Barakat BM, Racoma I, El-Mahdy MA, Wani AA. Thymoquinone up-regulates PTEN expression and induces apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer cells. Mutat Res. 2011;706(1–2):28–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.10.007.
- Crea F, Nobili S, Paolicchi E, Perrone G, Napoli C, Landini I, Danesi R, Mini E. Epigenetics and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer: an opportunity for treatment tailoring and novel therapeutic strategies. Drug Resist Updat. 2011;14(6):280–296.
- Jahangiri R, Mosaffa F, Emami Razavi A, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Jamialahmadi K. Altered DNA methyltransferases promoter methylation and mRNA expression are associated with tamoxifen response in breast tumors. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(9):7305–7319. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26562
- Jahangiri R, Mosaffa F, EmamiRazavi A, Gharib M, Jamialahmadi K. Increased expression of gankyrin and stemness factor Oct-4 are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes and poor benefit of tamoxifen in breast carcinoma patients. Pathol Oncol Res. 2020;26:1921–1934. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-019-00766-2
- Folkman J. The role of angiogenesis in tumor growth. Semin Oncol. 2002; 29(6 Suppl 16):15–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/sonc.2002.37263.
- Harris AL. Hypoxia—a key regulatory factor in tumour growth. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2(1):38–47.
- Zeisberg M, Neilson EG. Biomarkers for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(6):1429–1437.
- Wu C-E, Zhuang Y-W, Zhou J-Y, Liu S-L, Wang R-P, Shu P. Cinnamaldehyde enhances apoptotic effect of oxaliplatin and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemnness in hypoxic colorectal cancer cells. Exp Cell Res. 2019;383(1):111500.
- Zhang Z, Han H, Rong Y, Zhu K, Zhu Z, Tang Z, Xiong C, Tao J. Hypoxia potentiates gemcitabine-induced stemness in pancreatic cancer cells through AKT/Notch1 signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018;37(1):291. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-018-0972-3
- Al Saleh S, Sharaf LH, Luqmani YA. Signalling pathways involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer and associations with epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Int J Oncol. 2011;38(5):1197–1217.
- Grogan PT, Sarkaria JN, Timmermann BN, Cohen MS. Oxidative cytotoxic agent withaferin A resensitizes temozolomide-resistant glioblastomas via MGMT depletion and induces apoptosis through Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitory modulation. Invest New Drugs. 2014;32(4):604–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-014-0084-7
- Hovinga KE, Shimizu F, Wang R, Panagiotakos G, Van Der Heijden M, Moayedpardazi H, Correia AS, Soulet D, Major T, Menon J, et al. Inhibition of notch signaling in glioblastoma targets cancer stem cells via an endothelial cell intermediate. Stem Cells. 2010;28(6):1019–1029.
- Fiorini L, Tribalat M-A, Sauvard L, Cazareth J, Lalli E, Broutin I, Thomas OP, Mus-Veteau I. Natural paniceins from mediterranean sponge inhibit the multidrug resistance activity of patched and increase chemotherapy efficiency on melanoma cells. Oncotarget. 2015;6(26):22282–22297.
- Ahmed R, Alawin O, Sylvester P. γ‐Tocotrienol reversal of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells is associated with inhibition of canonical Wnt signalling. Cell Prolif. 2016;49(4):460–470.
- Bouteille N, Driouch K, Hage PE, Sin S, Formstecher E, Camonis J, Lidereau R, Lallemand F. Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by the WWOX tumor suppressor protein. Oncogene. 2009;28(28):2569–2580.
- Laezza C, D’Alessandro A, Paladino S, Maria Malfitano A, Chiara Proto M, Gazzerro P, Pisanti S, Santoro A, Ciaglia E, Bifulco M, Endocannabinoid Research Group, et al. Anandamide inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in human breast cancer MDA MB 231 cells. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48(16):3112–3122.
- MacDonald BT, Tamai K, He X. Wnt/β-catenin signaling: components, mechanisms, and diseases. Dev Cell. 2009;17(1):9–26.
- Burns J, Yokota T, Ashihara H, Lean ME, Crozier A. Plant foods and herbal sources of resveratrol. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(11):3337–3340.
- Jang M, Cai L, Udeani GO, Slowing KV, Thomas CF, Beecher CWW, Fong HHS, Farnsworth NR, Kinghorn AD, Mehta RG, et al. Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. Science. 1997;275(5297):218–220. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5297.218
- Chen M-C, Chang W-W, Kuan Y-D, Lin S-T, Hsu H-C, Lee C-H. Resveratrol inhibits LPS-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse melanoma model. Innate Immun. 2012;18(5):685–693.
- Vergara D, Valente CM, Tinelli A, Siciliano C, Lorusso V, Acierno R, Giovinazzo G, Santino A, Storelli C, Maffia M, et al. Resveratrol inhibits the epidermal growth factor-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in MCF-7 cells. Cancer Lett. 2011;310(1):1–8.
- Hu F-W, Tsai L-L, Yu C-H, Chen P-N, Chou M-Y, Yu C-C. Impairment of tumor-initiating stem-like property and reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation in head and neck cancer by resveratrol treatment. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012;56(8):1247–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200150
- Tsai J-H, Hsu L-S, Lin C-L, Hong H-M, Pan M-H, Way T-D, Chen W-J. 3,5,4′-Trimethoxystilbene, a natural methoxylated analog of resveratrol, inhibits breast cancer cell invasiveness by downregulation of PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascades and reversal of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013;272(3):746–56.
- Li J, Chong T, Wang Z, Chen H, Li H, Cao J, Zhang P, Li H. A novel anti‑cancer effect of resveratrol: reversal of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. Mol Med Rep. 2014;10(4):1717–24.
- Walle T, Hsieh F, DeLegge MH, Oatis JE, Walle UK. High absorption but very low bioavailability of oral resveratrol in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004;32(12):1377–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.104.000885
- Tolomeo M, Grimaudo S, Di Cristina A, Roberti M, Pizzirani D, Meli M, Dusonchet L, Gebbia N, Abbadessa V, Crosta L, et al. Pterostilbene and 3’-hydroxypterostilbene are effective apoptosis-inducing agents in MDR and BCR-ABL-expressing leukemia cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005;37(8):1709–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2005.03.004
- Pan M-H, Gao J-H, Lai C-S, Wang Y-J, Chen W-M, Lo C-Y, Wang M, Dushenkov S, Ho C-T. Antitumor activity of 3, 5, 4′‐trimethoxystilbene in COLO 205 cells and xenografts in SCID mice. Mol Carcinog. 2008;47(3):184–96.
- Li W, Gao F, Ma X, Wang R, Dong X, Wang W. Deguelin inhibits non-small cell lung cancer via down-regulating Hexokinases II-mediated glycolysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(20):32586–99. doi: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.15937
- Murillo G, Salti GI, Kosmeder JW, Pezzuto JM, Mehta RG. Deguelin inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Eur J Cancer. 2002;38:2446–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00192-2
- Murillo G, Peng X, Torres KE, Mehta RG. Deguelin inhibits growth of breast cancer cells by modulating the expression of key members of the Wnt signaling pathway. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009;2(11):942–50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.Capr-08-0232
- Ito S, Oyake T, Murai K, Ishida Y. Deguelin suppresses cell proliferation via the inhibition of survivin expression and STAT3 phosphorylation in HTLV-1-transformed T cells. Leuk Res. 2010;34(3):352–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2009.09.003
- Dell’Eva R, Ambrosini C, Minghelli S, Noonan DM, Albini A, Ferrari N. The Akt inhibitor deguelin, is an angiopreventive agent also acting on the NF-κB pathway. Carcinogenesis. 2007;28(2):404–13.
- Boreddy SR, Srivastava SK. Deguelin suppresses pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in an orthotopic model. Oncogene. 2013;32(34):3980–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2012.413
- Li Y, VandenBoom TG, Kong D, Wang Z, Ali S, Philip PA, Sarkar FH. Up-regulation of miR-200 and let-7 by natural agents leads to the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2009;69(16):6704–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1298
- Ahmad A, Sarkar SH, Bitar B, Ali S, Aboukameel A, Sethi S, Li Y, Bao B, Kong D, Banerjee S, et al. Garcinol regulates EMT and Wnt signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo, leading to anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;11(10):2193–201.
- Deeb KK, Trump DL, Johnson CS. Vitamin D signalling pathways in cancer: potential for anticancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7(9):684–700.
- Chiang K-C, C Chen T. The anti-cancer actions of vitamin D. Anti-Cancer Agents Med Chem (Form Curr Med Chem-Anti-Cancer Agents). 2013;13:126–39.
- Ono K, Yoshida A, Saito N, Fujishima T, Honzawa S, Suhara Y, Kishimoto S, Sugiura T, Waku K, Takayama H, et al. Efficient synthesis of 2-modified 1α, 25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D3 with Julia olefination: high potency in induction of differentiation on HL-60 cells. J Org Chem. 2003;68(19):7407–15.
- Smallridge RC, Copland J. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: pathogenesis and emerging therapies. Clin Oncol. 2010;22(6):486–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2010.03.013
- Chiang K-C, Kuo S-F, Chen C-H, Ng S, Lin S-F, Yeh C-N, Chen L-W, Takano M, Chen TC, Juang H-H, et al. MART-10, the vitamin D analog, is a potent drug to inhibit anaplastic thyroid cancer cell metastatic potential. Cancer Lett. 2015;369(1):76–85.
- Dancea HC, Shareef MM, Ahmed MM. Role of radiation-induced TGF-beta signaling in cancer therapy. Mol Cell Pharmacol. 2009;1(1):44–56.
- Liu S, Wang B, Li X-Z, Qi L-f, Liang Y-Z. Preparative separation and purification of liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine from seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera GAERTN using high‐speed counter‐current chromatography. J Sep Sci. 2009;32(14):2476–81.
- Cao J-G, Tang X-Q, Shi S-H. Multidrug resistance reversal in human gastric carcinoma cells by neferine. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(20):3062–4.
- Deng G, Zeng S, Ma J, Zhang Y, Qu Y. The anti-tumor activities of Neferine on cell invasion and oxaliplatin sensitivity regulated by EMT via Snail signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2017;7.
- Gao T, Yao H, Song J, Liu C, Zhu Y, Ma X, Pang X, Xu H, Chen S. Identification of medicinal plants in the family Fabaceae using a potential DNA barcode ITS2. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;130(1):116–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.026
- Lin J-m, Wei L-h, Chen Y-q, Liu X-x, Hong Z-f, Sferra TJ, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang induced apoptosis in human colon cancer HT-29 cells is associated with regulation of the Bcl-2 family and activation of caspase 3. Chin J Integr Med. 2011;17(9):685–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-011-0846-4
- Zhuang Q, Hong F, Shen A, Zheng L, Zeng J, et al. Pien Tze Huang inhibits tumor cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis via suppressing the STAT3 pathway in a colorectal cancer mouse model. Int J Oncol. 2012;40:1569–74.
- Shen A-l, Hong F, Liu L-y, Lin J-m, Zhuang Q-c, Hong Z-f, Peng J. Effects of Pien Tze Huang (片仔癀) on angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Chin J Integr Med. 2012;18(6):431–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-012-1121-z
- Shen A, Hong F, Liu L, Lin J, Wei L, Cai Q, Hong Z, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang inhibits the proliferation of human colon carcinoma cells by arresting G1/S cell cycle progression. Oncol Lett. 2012;4(4):767–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.811
- Shen A, Chen Y, Hong F, Lin J, Wei L, Hong Z, Sferra TJ, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang suppresses IL-6-inducible STAT3 activation in human colon carcinoma cells through induction of nduction of SOCS3. Oncol Rep. 2012;28(6):2125–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2067
- Shen A, Lin J, Chen Y, Lin W, Liu L, Hong Z, Sferra TJ, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang inhibits tumor angiogenesis in a mouse model of colorectal cancer via suppression of multiple cellular pathways. Oncol Rep. 2013;30(4):1701–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2609
- Zhu MM, Tong JL, Xu Q, Nie F, Xu XT, Xiao SD, Ran ZH. Increased JNK1 signaling pathway is responsible for ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance in human colon cancer. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e41763. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041763
- Shen A, Chen H, Chen Y, Lin J, Lin W, Liu L, Sferra TJ, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang overcomes multidrug resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal carcinoma cells via suppression of TGF-β pathway. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med. 2014;2014:1–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/679436
- Gaind K, Dar R, Kaul R. Antistaphylococcal activity of seeds of Psoralea corylifolia. J Pharm Sci. 1964;53:1428–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600531141
- Saffran WA, Ahmed A, Binyaminov O, Gonzalez C, Gupta A, Fajardo MA, Kishun D, Nandram A, Reyes K, Scalercio K, et al. Induction of direct repeat recombination by psoralen-DNA adducts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: defects in DNA repair increase gene copy number variation. DNA Repair (Amst). 2014;21:87–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.05.011
- Wang X, Cheng K, Han Y, Zhang G, Dong J, Cui Y, Yang Z. Effects of psoralen as an anti-tumor agent in human breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(5):815–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b15-00957
- Suman S, Das TP, Sirimulla S, Alatassi H, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Withaferin-A suppress AKT induced tumor growth in colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2016;7(12):13854–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.7351
- Vivanco I, Sawyers CL. The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase AKT pathway in human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2(7):489–501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc839
- Mi W, Ye Q, Liu S, She Q-B. AKT inhibition overcomes rapamycin resistance by enhancing the repressive function of PRAS40 on mTORC1/4E-BP1 axis. Oncotarget. 2015;6(16):13962–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.3920
- Faulkner DJ. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep. 2001;18(1):1–49R. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/b006897g
- Jensen PR, Fenical W. Strategies for the discovery of secondary metabolites from marine bacteria: ecological perspectives. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1994;48:559–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.48.100194.003015
- McGlacken GP, Fairlamb IJ. 2-Pyrone natural products and mimetics: isolation, characterisation and biological activity. Nat Prod Rep. 2005;22(3):369–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/b416651p
- Kim R-K, Suh Y, Lim E-J, Yoo K-C, Lee G-H, Cui Y-H, Son A, Hwang E, Uddin N, Yi J-M, et al. A novel 2-pyrone derivative, BHP, impedes oncogenic KRAS-driven malignant progression in breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 2013;337(1):49–57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.023
- Sakunrangsit N, Kalpongnukul N, Pisitkun T, Ketchart W. Plumbagin enhances tamoxifen sensitivity and inhibits tumor invasion in endocrine resistant breast cancer through EMT regulation. Phytother Res. 2016;30(12):1968–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5702
- Naveen C, Gaikwad S, Agrawal-Rajput R. Berberine induces neuronal differentiation through inhibition of cancer stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in neuroblastoma cells. Phytomedicine. 2016;23(7):736–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.013
- Zhang L, Chen W, Li X. A novel anticancer effect of butein: inhibition of invasion through the ERK1/2 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways in bladder cancer cells . FEBS Lett. 2008;582(13):1821–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2008.04.046
- Jung SK, Lee M-H, Lim DY, Lee SY, Jeong C-H, Kim JE, Lim TG, Chen H, Bode AM, Lee HJ, et al. Butein, a novel dual inhibitor of MET and EGFR, overcomes gefitinib-resistant lung cancer growth. Mol Carcinog. 2015;54(4):322–31.:doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.22191
- Adlercreutz H. Western diet and Western diseases: some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and associations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1990;201:3–23.
- Lin Y-S, Tsai P-H, Kandaswami CC, Cheng C-H, Ke F-C, Lee P-P, Hwang J-J, Lee M-T. Effects of dietary flavonoids, luteolin, and quercetin on the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A431 epidermal cancer cells. Cancer Sci. 2011;102(10):1829–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02035.x
- Srinivasan A, Thangavel C, Liu Y, Shoyele S, Den RB, Selvakumar P, Lakshmikuttyamma A. Quercetin regulates β-catenin signaling and reduces the migration of triple negative breast cancer. Mol Carcinog. 2016;55(5):743–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.22318
- Chen C, Zhou J, Ji C. Quercetin: a potential drug to reverse multidrug resistance. Life Sci. 2010;87(11–12):333–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.004
- Zhang X, Guo Q, Chen J, Chen Z. Quercetin Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity of Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Modulating microRNA-217-KRAS Axis. Mol Cells. 2015;38(7):638–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2015.0037
- Ruan J-S, Liu Y-P, Zhang L, Yan L-G, Fan F-T, Shen C-S, Wang A-Y, Zheng S-Z, Wang S-M, Lu Y, et al. Luteolin reduces the invasive potential of malignant melanoma cells by targeting β3 integrin and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2012;33(10):1325–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2012.93
- Patel DH, Sharma N. Inhibitory effect of quercetin on epithelial to mesenchymal transition in SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells defined by in vitro analysis on 3D collagen gels. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:6445–59. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S109253
- Mittal A, Elmets CA, Katiyar SK. Dietary feeding of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds prevents photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice: relationship to decreased fat and lipid peroxidation. Carcinogenesis. 2003;24(8):1379–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgg095
- Agarwal A, Das K, Lerner N, Sathe S, Cicek M, Casey G, Sizemore N. The AKT/I kappa B kinase pathway promotes angiogenic/metastatic gene expression in colorectal cancer by activating nuclear factor-kappa B and beta-catenin . Oncogene. 2005;24(6):1021–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208296
- Sun Q, Prasad R, Rosenthal E, Katiyar SK. Grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit the invasive potential of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting EGFR expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:134. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-134
- Lv X-q, Qiao X-r, Su L, Chen S-z. Honokiol inhibits EMT-mediated motility and migration of human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro by targeting c-FLIP. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016;37(12):1574–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2016.81
- Luo H, Zhong Q, Chen L-j, Qi X-r, Fu A-f, Yang H-s, Yang F, Lin H-g, Wei Y-q, Zhao X, et al. Liposomal honokiol, a promising agent for treatment of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2008;134(9):937–45. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-008-0375-5
- Angelini A, Di Ilio C, Castellani ML, Conti P, Cuccurullo F. Modulation of multidrug resistance p-glycoprotein activity by flavonoids and honokiol in human doxorubicin-resistant sarcoma cells (MES-SA/DX-5): implications for natural sedatives as chemosensitizing agents in cancer therapy. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2010;24(2):197–205.
- Bonner MY, Karlsson I, Rodolfo M, Arnold RS, Vergani E, Arbiser JL. Honokiol bis-dichloroacetate (Honokiol DCA) demonstrates activity in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma in vivo. Oncotarget. 2016;7(11):12857–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.7289
- Dudás J, Fullár A, Romani A, Pritz C, Kovalszky I, Hans Schartinger V, Mathias Sprinzl G, Riechelmann H. Curcumin targets fibroblast-tumor cell interactions in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res. 2013;319(6):800–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.12.001
- Chun K-S, Keum Y-S, Han SS, Song Y-S, Kim S-H, Surh Y-J. Curcumin inhibits phorbol ester-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in mouse skin through suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and NF-kappaB activation. Carcinogenesis. 2003;24(9):1515–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgg107
- Wu K, Zeng J, Li L, Fan J, Zhang D, Xue Y, Zhu G, Yang L, Wang X, He D, et al. Silibinin reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in metastatic prostate cancer cells by targeting transcription factors. Oncol Rep. 2010;23(6):1545–52.
- Cufí S, Bonavia R, Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Corominas-Faja B, Cuyàs E, Martin-Castillo B, Barrajón-Catalán E, Visa J, Segura-Carretero A, et al. Silibinin suppresses EMT-driven erlotinib resistance by reversing the high miR-21/low miR-200c signature in vivo. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2459. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02459
- Mateen S, Raina K, Agarwal C, Chan D, Agarwal R. Silibinin synergizes with histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in upregulating E-cadherin expression together with inhibition of migration and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013;345(2):206–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.113.203471
- Wang D-X, Zou Y-J, Zhuang X-B, Chen S-X, Lin Y, Li W-L, Lin J-J, Lin Z-Q. Sulforaphane suppresses EMT and metastasis in human lung cancer through miR-616-5p-mediated GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017;38(2):241–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2016.122
- Li Q-Q, Xie Y-K, Wu Y, Li L-L, Liu Y, Miao X-B, Liu Q-Z, Yao K-T, Xiao G-H. Sulforaphane inhibits cancer stem-like cell properties and cisplatin resistance through miR-214-mediated downregulation of c-MYC in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2017;8(7):12067–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14512
- Ong RCY, Lei J, Lee RKY, Cheung JYN, Fung KP, Lin C, Ho HP, Yu B, Li M, Kong SK, et al. Polyphyllin D induces mitochondrial fragmentation and acts directly on the mitochondria to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant HepG2 cells. Cancer Lett. 2008;261(2):158–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2007.11.005
- Kong M, Fan J, Dong A, Cheng H, Xu R. Effects of polyphyllin I on growth inhibition of human non-small lung cancer cells and in xenograft. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2010;42(11):827–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmq091
- Chang J, Wang H, Wang X, Zhao Y, Zhao D, Wang C, Li Y, Yang Z, Lu S, Zeng Q, et al. Molecular mechanisms of Polyphyllin I-induced apoptosis and reversal of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human osteosarcoma cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;170:117–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.006
- Wu L, Li Q, Liu Y. Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis in K562/A02 cells through G2/M phase arrest. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014;66(5):713–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12188
- Gu L, Feng J, Zheng Z, Xu H, Yu W. Polyphyllin I inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells in nude mice. Oncol Lett. 2016;12(6):4969–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5348
- Yu Q, Li Q, Lu P, Chen Q. Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis in U87 human glioma cells through the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway. J Med Food. 2014;17(9):1036–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2013.2957
- Lou W, Chen Y, Zhu K-Y, Deng H, Wu T, Wang J. Polyphyllin I Overcomes EMT-Associated Resistance to Erlotinib in Lung Cancer Cells via IL-6/STAT3 Pathway Inhibition. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(8):1306–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b17-00271
- Xiao P. A pictorial encyclopaedia of Chinese medical herbs. Japanese Ed. 1992;1:82.
- Peng Z, Guan Q, Luo J, Deng W, Liu J, Yan R, Wang W. Sophoridine exerts tumor-suppressive activities via promoting ESRRG-mediated β-catenin degradation in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer. 2020;20:582. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07067-x
- Ying Y, Qingwu L, Mingming X, Zhenju S, Chaoyang T, Zhengang T. Emodin: one main ingredient of Shufeng Jiedu capsule reverses chemoresistance of lung cancer cells through inhibition of EMT. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;42(3):1063–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000478754
- Liu W, Zhang B, Chen G, Wu W, Zhou L, Shi Y, Zeng Q, Li Y, Sun Y, Deng X, et al. Targeting miR-21 with Sophocarpine inhibits tumor progression and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in head and neck cancer. Mol Ther. 2017;25(9):2129–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.05.008
- Xiao X, Liu Z, Wang R, Wang J, Zhang S, Cai X, Wu K, Bergan RC, Xu L, Fan D, et al. Genistein suppresses FLT4 and inhibits human colorectal cancer metastasis. Oncotarget. 2015;6(5):3225–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.3064
- Ma J, Cheng L, Liu H, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zeng F, Miele L, Sarkar FH, Xia J, Wang Z, et al. Genistein down-regulates miR-223 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Curr Drug Targets. 2013;14(10):1150–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/13894501113149990187
- Kim YS, Choi KC, Hwang KA. Genistein suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration efficacies of BG-1 ovarian cancer cells activated by estrogenic chemicals via estrogen receptor pathway and downregulation of TGF-β signaling pathway. Phytomedicine. 2015;22(11):993–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2015.08.003
- Liu YB, Gao X, Deeb D, Arbab AS, Gautam SC. Pristimerin induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by down-regulating Bcl-2 through ROS-dependent ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway. J Carcinog Mutagen. 2013;005.
- Carlin BI, Andriole GL. The natural history, skeletal complications, and management of bone metastases in patients with prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 2000;88(S12):2989–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20000615)88:12+<2989::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-Q
- Zuo J, Guo Y, Peng X, Tang Y, Zhang X, He P, Li S, Wa Q, Li J, Huang S, et al. Inhibitory action of pristimerin on hypoxia‑mediated metastasis involves stem cell characteristics and EMT in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 2015;33(3):1388–94.: doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.3708
- Wu W-j, Zhang Y, Zeng Z-l, Li X-b, Hu K-s, Luo H-y, Yang J, Huang P, Xu R-h. β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate reverses platinum resistance by a GSH-dependent mechanism in cancer cells with epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype. Biochem Pharmacol. 2013;85(4):486–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.017
- Janicke B, Hegardt C, Krogh M, Onning G, Akesson B, Cirenajwis HM, Oredsson SM. The antiproliferative effect of dietary fiber phenolic compounds ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid on the cell cycle of Caco-2 cells. Nutr Cancer. 2011;63(4):611–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2011.538486
- Sgarbossa A, Giacomazza D, di Carlo M. Ferulic acid: a hope for Alzheimer’s disease therapy from plants. Nutrients. 2015;7(7):5764–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7075246
- Alam MA, Sernia C, Brown L. Ferulic acid improves cardiovascular and kidney structure and function in hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2013;61:240–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0b013e31827cb600
- Roy S, Metya SK, Sannigrahi S, Rahaman N, Ahmed F. Treatment with ferulic acid to rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes: effects on oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis in the pancreatic β cell. Endocrine. 2013;44(2):369–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-012-9868-8
- Lin F-H, Lin J-Y, Gupta RD, Tournas JA, Burch JA, Selim MA, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Grichnik JM, Zielinski J, Pinnell SR, et al. Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125(4):826–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23768.x
- Zhang X, Lin D, Jiang R, Li H, Wan J, Li H. Ferulic acid exerts antitumor activity and inhibits metastasis in breast cancer cells by regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Oncol Rep. 2016;36(1):271–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4804
- Muthusamy G, Gunaseelan S, Prasad NR. Ferulic acid reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance via inhibition of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Nutr Biochem. 2019;63:62–71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.022
- Yeung ED, Morrison A, Plumeri D, Wang J, Tong C, Yan X, Li J. Alternol exerts prostate-selective antitumor effects through modulations of the AMPK signaling pathway. Prostate. 2012;72(2):165–72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.21417
- Liu X, Wang J, Sun B, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Li C. Cell growth inhibition, G2M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induced by the novel compound Alternol in human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC803. Invest New Drugs. 2007;25(6):505–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-007-9057-4
- Wang C, Xu W, Hao W, Wang B, Zheng Q. Alternol inhibits the proliferation and induces the differentiation of the mouse melanoma B16F0 cell line. Oncol Rep. 2016;36(2):1150–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4844
- Tang X-H, Gudas LJ. Retinoids, retinoic acid receptors, and cancer. Annu Rev Pathol. 2011;6:345–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130303
- Zanetti A, Affatato R, Centritto F, Fratelli M, Kurosaki M, Barzago MM, Bolis M, Terao M, Garattini E, Paroni G, et al. All-trans-retinoic acid modulates the plasticity and inhibits the motility of breast cancer cells: role of notch1 and transforming growth factor (TGFβ). J Biol Chem. 2015;290(29):17690–709. doi: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.638510
- Du M.‐Y., et al. Psoralen attenuates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting myofibroblast activation and collagen deposition. Cell Biol. Int. 2020;44(1):98–107.
- Keane TE, Petros JA, Velimirovich B, Yue KT, Graham SD. Methoxypsoralen phototherapy of transitional cell carcinoma. Urology. 1994;44(6):842–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(94)80168-1
- Wu J, Situ Z, Wang W, Chen J, Liu B. Antitumor activity of psoralen on mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line MEC-1. Chin Med J. 1992;105:913–7.
- Shen L-x, Dong X-h, Li W, Wang J-f, Niu J-z. Effect of quercetin and psoralen on proliferation in MCF-7 cells. Chin Pharmacol Bull. 2009;5:012.
- Zubia E, Ortega MJ, Carballo JL, Salvá J. Sesquiterpene hydroquinones from the sponge Reniera mucosa. Tetrahedron. 1994;50(27):8153–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85297-2
- Szekeres T, Saiko P, Fritzer‐Szekeres M, Djavan B, Jäger W. Chemopreventive effects of resveratrol and resveratrol derivatives. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1215:89–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05864.x
- Pan M-H, Gao J-H, Lai C-S, Wang Y-J, Chen W-M, Lo C-Y, Wang M, Dushenkov S, Ho C-T. Antitumor activity of 3,5,4’-trimethoxystilbene in COLO 205 cells and xenografts in SCID mice. Mol Carcinog. 2008;47(3):184–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.20352
- Pan M, Lin C, Tsai J, Ho C, Chen W. 3,5,3’,4’,5’-pentamethoxystilbene (MR-5), a synthetically methoxylated analogue of resveratrol, inhibits growth and induces G1 cell cycle arrest of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(1):226–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/jf903067g
- Poornima P, Weng CF, Padma VV. Neferine from Nelumbo nucifera induces autophagy through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and ROS hyper generation in A549 cells. Food Chem. 2013;141(4):3598–605. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.138
- Xu L, Zhang X, Li Y, Lu S, Lu S, Li J, Wang Y, Tian X, Wei J-J, Shao C, et al. Neferine induces autophagy of human ovarian cancer cells via p38 MAPK/ JNK activation. Tumour Biol. 2016;37(7):8721–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4737-8
- Grille SJ, Bellacosa A, Upson J, Klein-Szanto AJ, van Roy F, Lee-Kwon W, Donowitz M, Tsichlis PN, Larue L. The protein kinase Akt induces epithelial mesenchymal transition and promotes enhanced motility and invasiveness of squamous cell carcinoma lines. Cancer Res. 2003;63(9):2172–8.
- Albanese C, Wu K, D’Amico M, Jarrett C, Joyce D, Hughes J, Hulit J, Sakamaki T, Fu M, Ben-Ze’ev A, et al. IKKα regulates mitogenic signaling through transcriptional induction of cyclin D1 via Tcf. Mol Biol Cell. 2003;14(2):585–99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.02-06-0101
- Miele L, Miao H, Nickoloff B. NOTCH signaling as a novel cancer therapeutic target. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2006;6(4):313–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/156800906777441771
- Zuo T, Liu T-M, Lan X, Weng Y-I, Shen R, Gu F, Huang Y-W, Liyanarachchi S, Deatherage DE, Hsu P-Y, et al. Epigenetic silencing mediated through activated PI3K/AKT signaling in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2011;71(5):1752–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3573
- Weiner M, Skoog L, Fornander T, Nordenskjöld B, Sgroi DC, Stål O. Oestrogen receptor co-activator AIB1 is a marker of tamoxifen benefit in postmenopausal breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(8):1994–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt159
- Hiscox S, Jiang WG, Obermeier K, Taylor K, Morgan L, Burmi R, Barrow D, Nicholson RI. Tamoxifen resistance in MCF7 cells promotes EMT-like behaviour and involves modulation of beta-catenin phosphorylation. Int J Cancer. 2006;118(2):290–301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21355
- Martin TA, Goyal A, Watkins G, Jiang WG. Expression of the transcription factors snail, slug, and twist and their clinical significance in human breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12(6):488–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2005.04.010
- Loboda A, Nebozhyn MV, Watters JW, Buser CA, Shaw PM, Huang PS, Van’t Veer L, Tollenaar RA, Jackson DB, Agrawal D, et al. EMT is the dominant program in human colon cancer. BMC Med Genomics. 2011;4(1):9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-4-9
- Pelletier L, Rebouissou S, Vignjevic D, Bioulac-Sage P, Zucman-Rossi J. HNF1α inhibition triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human liver cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:427. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-11-427
- Schinner S. Wnt-signalling and the metabolic syndrome. Horm Metab Res. 2009;41(2):159–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1119408
- Pan H-C, Lai D-W, Lan K-H, Shen C-C, Wu S-M, Chiu C-S, Wang K-B, Sheu M-L. Honokiol thwarts gastric tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination by inhibiting Tpl2 in an orthotopic model. Carcinogenesis. 2013;34(11):2568–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgt243
- Corominas-Faja B, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Cuyàs E, Segura-Carretero A, Joven J, Martin-Castillo B, Barrajón-Catalán E, Micol V, Bosch-Barrera J, Menendez JA, et al. Stem cell-like ALDH(bright) cellular states in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a novel mechanism of acquired resistance to erlotinib targetable with the natural polyphenol silibinin. Cell Cycle. 2013;12(21):3390–404. doi:https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.26417
- Yang M, Ren M, Qu Y, Teng W, Wang Z, Li H, Yuan Q. Sulforaphene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through repressing keratin 8 and activating anoikis. RSC Adv. 2016;6(74):70326–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA11176A
- Lou W, Chen Y, Zhu K-y, Deng H, Wu T, et al. Polyphyllin I overcomes EMT-associated resistance to erlotinib in lung cancer cells via IL-6/STAT3 pathway inhibition. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;b17–00271.
- Li C, Gao Y, Tian J, Shen J, Xing Y, Liu Z. Sophocarpine administration preserves myocardial function from ischemia-reperfusion in rats via NF-κB inactivation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;135(3):620–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.052
- Ma J, Zeng F, Ma C, Pang H, Fang B, Lian C, Yin B, Zhang X, Wang Z, Xia J, et al. Synergistic reversal effect of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by miR-223 inhibitor and genistein in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res. 2016;6(6):1384–95.
- Blagosklonny MV. Hypoxia-inducible factor: Achilles’ heel of antiangiogenic cancer therapy (review). Int J Oncol. 2001;19(2):257–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.19.2.257
- Maxwell PH, Dachs GU, Gleadle JM, Nicholls LG, Harris AL, Stratford IJ, Hankinson O, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 modulates gene expression in solid tumors and influences both angiogenesis and tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(15):8104–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.15.8104
- Liu S, Dong Y, Wang J, Hu P, Wang J, Wang R. Y. Pristimerin exerts antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells by reversing of epithelial-mesenchymal transition via downregulation of integrin β3. Biomed. J. 2020
- Petrie K, Zelent A, Waxman S. Differentiation therapy of acute myeloid leukemia: past, present and future. Curr Opin Hematol. 2009;16(2):84–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0b013e3283257aee
- Hu J, Liu Y-F, Wu C-F, Xu F, Shen Z-X, Zhu Y-M, Li J-M, Tang W, Zhao W-L, Wu W, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of all-trans retinoic acid/arsenic trioxide-based therapy in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(9):3342–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813280106
- Huang ME, Ye YC, Chen SR, Chai JR, Lu JX, Zhoa L, Gu LJ, Wang ZY. Use of all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 1988;72(2):567–72.