The Impact of Pretreatment Low Body Mass Index on Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

References

• Shah JP, Medina JE, Shaha AR, Schantz SP, Marti JR. Cervical lymph node metastasis. Curr Probl Surg. 1993;30(3):1–335. doi:10.1016/0011-3840(93)90012-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi Y, Okura M. Prognostic significance of perioperative blood transfusion in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2003;25(11):931–6. doi:10.1002/hed.10313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, National Cancer Institute Surveillance Research Program, based on November 2006 submission of SEER Series 9 (1996-2003). Available from: https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/oral-cancer/survival-rates.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuda T, Ajiki W, Marugame T, Ioka A, Tsukuma H, Sobue T. Population-based survival of cancer patients diagnosed between 1993 and 1999 in Japan: a chronological and international comparative study. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2011;41(1):40–51. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyq167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Forbes H, dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Smeeth L. Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5.24 million UK adults. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):755–65. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60892-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strulov Shachar S, Williams GR. The obesity paradox in cancer-moving beyond BMI. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(1):13–6. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu W-S, Fang W-Z, Liu C-Y, Pan K-Y, Ding R, Li X-H, Duan C-H. Prognostic significance of combined pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and BMI loss in patients with esophageal cancer. Cancer Manage Res. 2019;11:3029–41. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S197820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao X, Pan Y, Han W, Hu C, Wang C, Chen L, Guo Y, Shi Y, Pan Y, Xie H, et al. Association of systemic inflammation and body mass index with survival in patients with resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas. Cancer Biol Med. 2021;18(1):283–97. doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migita K, Takayama T, Matsumoto S, Wakatsuki K, Tanaka T, Ito M, Kunishige T, Nakade H, Nakajima Y. Impact of being underweight on the long-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 2016;19(3):735–43. doi:10.1007/s10120-015-0531-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukumoto K, Mori S, Shintani Y, Okami J, Ito H, Ohtsuka T, Toyooka S, Mori T, Watanabe S-i, Asamura H, et al. Impact of the preoperative body mass index on the postoperative outcomes in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of 16,503 cases in a Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study. Lung Cancer. 2020;149:120–9. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.09.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepshelovich D, Xu W, Lu L, Fares A, Yang P, Christiani D, Zhang J, Shiraishi K, Ryan BM, Chen C, et al. Body mass index (BMI), BMI change, and overall survival in patients with SCLC and NSCLC: a pooled analysis of the International Lung Cancer Consortium. J Thorac Oncol. 2019;14(9):1594–607. doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2019.05.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh K, Carton M, Dieras V, Heudel P-E, Brain E, D’Hondt V, Mailliez A, Patsouris A, Mouret-Reynier M-A, Goncalves A, et al. Impact of body mass index on overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast. 2021;55:16–24. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.11.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon HG, Han W, Noh DY. Underweight and breast cancer recurrence and death: a report from the Korean Breast Cancer Society. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(35):5899–905. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aparicio T, Ducreux M, Faroux R, Barbier E, Manfredi S, Lecomte T, Etienne P-L, Bedenne L, Bennouna J, Phelip J-M, et al. Overweight is associated to a better prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of FFCD trials. Eur J Cancer. 2018;98:1–9. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2018.03.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahjehan F, Merchea A, Cochuyt JJ, Li Z, Colibaseanu DT, et al. Body mass index and long-term outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. Front Oncol. 2018;8:620. doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00620
   Google Scholar
• Renfro LA, Loupakis F, Adams RA, Seymour MT, Heinemann V, Schmoll H-J, Douillard J-Y, Hurwitz H, Fuchs CS, Diaz-Rubio E, et al. Body mass index is prognostic in metastatic colorectal cancer: pooled analysis of patients from first-line clinical trials in the ARCAD database. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(2):144–50. doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.61.6441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim LH, Doan P, He Y, Lau HM, Pleass H, Patel MI. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the significance of body mass index on kidney cancer outcomes. J Urol. 2021;205(2):346–55. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000001377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyengar NM, Kochhar A, Morris PG, Morris LG, Zhou XK, Ghossein RA, Pino A, Fury MG, Pfister DG, Patel SG, et al. Impact of obesity on the survival of patients with early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Cancer. 2014;120(7):983–91. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li ZQ, Zou L, Liu TR, Yang AK. Prognostic value of body mass index before treatment for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med. 2015;12:394–400. doi:10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander D, Kampman E, van Herpen CM. Pretreatment body mass index and head and neck cancer outcome: a review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2015;96(2):328–38. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Pan Y, Xu Q, Li B, Kim K, Mao M, Li J, Qin L, Li H, Han Z, et al. Relationship between body mass index and outcomes for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis. 2019;25(1):87–96. doi: 10.1111/odi.12963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y‐Y, Chang K‐P, Lin C‐Y, Pai P‐C, Wang H‐M, Hsu C‐L, Liao C‐T, Yen T‐C, Fang T‐J, Huang S‐F, et al. Prognostic significance of combined pretreatment lymphocyte counts and body mass index in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiation therapy. Cancer Med. 2018;7(7):2808–15. doi:10.1002/cam4.1489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks DF, Bakst R, Doucette J, Kann BH, Miles B, Genden E, Misiukiewicz K, Posner M, Gupta V. Impact of obesity on outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 2018;83:11–7. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.05.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao X, Liu F, Lin J, Chen Q, Chen L, Chen F, Wang J, Qiu Y, Shi B, Pan L, et al. Nutritional assessment and prognosis of oral cancer patients: a large-scale prospective study. BMC Cancer. 2020;20(1):146. doi:10.1186/s12885-020-6604-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang WC, Yang CY, Lin CS, Lin CK, Chen YW. Pretreatment body mass index as a prognostic predictor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(8):2781–8. doi: 10.1007/s00784-019-03141-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Chen F, Huang J, Yan L, Liu F, Wu J, Qiu Y, Zheng X, Zhang R, Lin L, et al. Prospective study on factors affecting the prognosis of oral cancer in a Chinese population. Oncotarget. 2017;8(3):4352–9. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13842
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao T-c, Liang S-y, Ju W-t, Liu Y, Tan Y-r, Zhu D-w, Zhang C-p, Zhang Z-y, Zhong L-p Normal BMI predicts the survival benefits of inductive docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(9):2751–8. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takenaka Y, Takemoto N, Nakahara S, Yamamoto Y, Yasui T, Hanamoto A, Fukusumi T, Michiba T, Cho H, Yamamoto M, et al. Prognostic significance of body mass index before treatment for head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2015;37(10):1518–23. doi: 10.1002/hed.23785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gama RR, Song Y, Zhang Q, Brown MC, Wang J, Habbous S, Tong L, Huang SH, O’Sullivan B, Waldron J, et al. Body mass index and prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2017;39(6):1226–33. doi:10.1002/hed.24760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhaskaran K, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Douglas IJ, Smeeth L. Association of BMI with overall and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study of 3.6 million adults in the UK. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(12):944–53. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30288-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity: an evaluation of potential bias. Vital Health Stat. 2018;3:1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Izumida T, Nakamura Y, Ishikawa S. Impact of body mass index and metabolically unhealthy status on mortality in the Japanese general population: the JMS cohort study. PLoS One. 2019;14(11):e0224802. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju SN, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, de Gonzalez AB, Cairns BJ, Huxley R, Jackson CL, Joshy G, et al. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet. 2016;388(10046):776–86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin PC, Fine JP. Practical recommendations for reporting fine-gray model analyses for competing risk data. Stat Med. 2017;36(27):4391–400. doi: 10.1002/sim.7501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan PK, Gray RJ. Analyses of cumulative incidence functions via non-parametric multiple imputation. Stat Med. 2008;27(27):5709–24. doi: 10.1002/sim.3402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanda Y. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘EZR’ for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48(3):452–8. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2012.244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schemper M, Smith TL. A note on quantifying follow-up in studies of failure time. Control Clin Trials. 1996;17(4):343–6. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(96)00075-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fine JP, Gray RJ. A proportional hazrds model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. J Am Stat Assoc. 1999;94(446):496–509. doi:10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahara M, Kiyota N, Mizusawa J, Nakamura K, Hayashi R, Akimoto T, Hasegawa Y, Iwae S, Monden N, Matsuura K, et al. Phase II trial of chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus cisplatin for unresectable locally advanced head and neck cancer (JCOG0706). Cancer Sci. 2015;106(6):726–33. doi: 10.1111/cas.12657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumioka S, Sawai NY, Kishino M, Ishihama K, Minami M, Okura M. Risk factors for distant metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71(7):1291–7. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2012.12.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasegawa T, Tanakura M, Takeda D, Sakakibara A, Akashi M, Minamikawa T, Komori T. Risk factors associated with distant metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(6):1053–60. doi: 10.1177/0194599815580980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J-Y, Li Y-H, Liu Z-W, Zhang Z-L, Ye Y-L, Yao K, Jiang L-J, Han H, Qin Z-K, Zhou F-J, et al. Influence of body mass index on oncological outcomes in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Int J Urol. 2014;21(2):136–42. doi:10.1111/iju.12208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritz BW, Gardner EM. Malnutrition and energy restriction differentially affect viral immunity. J Nutr. 2006;136(5):1141–4. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.5.1141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makiguchi T, Yamaguchi T, Nakamura H, Suzuki K, Harimoto N, Shirabe K, Yokoo S. Impact of skeletal muscle mass volume on surgical site infection in free flap reconstruction for oral cancer. Microsurgery. 2019;39(7):598–604. doi: 10.1002/micr.30494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao B, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zou S, Luo R, et al. The impact of preoperative underweight status on postoperative complication and survival outcome of gastric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer. 2018;70:1254–63. doi:10.1080/01635581.2018.1559937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P, Li Y, Sun H, Liu S, Zhang R, Liu X, Zhu Z. Predictive value of body mass index for short-term outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer after esophagectomy: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26(7):2090–103. doi: 10.1245/s10434-019-07331-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen SY, Stem M, Cerullo M, Gearhart SL, Safar B, Fang SH, Weiss MJ, He J, Efron JE. The effect of frailty index on early outcomes after combined colorectal and liver resections. J Gastrointest Surg. 2018;22(4):640–9. doi: 10.1007/s11605-017-3641-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudasill SE, Dillon D, Karunungan K, Mardock AL, Hadaya J, Sanaiha Y, Tran Z, Benharash P. The obesity paradox: underweight patients are at the greatest risk of mortality after cholecystectomy. Surgery. 2021;170(3):675–81. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2021.03.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cereda E, Klersy C, Hiesmayr M, Schindler K, Singer P, Laviano A, Caccialanza R. Body mass index, age and in-hospital mortality: the NutritionDay multinational survey. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(3):839–47. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson BD, Hamilton W, Koshiaris C, Oke JL, Hobbs FDR, Aveyard P. The association between unexpected weight loss and cancer diagnosis in primary care: a matched cohort analysis of 65,000 presentations. Br J Cancer. 2020;122(12):1848–56. doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-0829-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward E, Jemal A, Cokkinides V, Singh GK, Cardinez C, Ghafoor A, Thun M. Cancer disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. CA Cancer J Clin. 2004;54(2):78–93. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.54.2.78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikegami N, Yoo B-K, Hashimoto H, Matsumoto M, Ogata H, Babazono A, Watanabe R, Shibuya K, Yang B-M, Reich MR, et al. Japanese universal health coverage: evolution, achievements, and challenges. Lancet. 2011;378(9796):1106–15. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60828-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Saitoh S, Okamura T, Yanagita M, Yoshita K, Kita Y, Murakami Y, Yokomichi H, Nishi N, et al. Relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of underweight, overweight or obesity in a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA2010. J Epidemiol. 2018;28(Supplement_III):S10–S16. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20170249
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Findlay M, White K, Stapleton N, Bauer J. Is sarcopenia a predictor of prognosis for patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer? A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(4):1711–8. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong A, Zhu D, Kraus D, Tham T. Radiologically defined sarcopenia affects survival in head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. Laryngoscope. 2021;131(2):333–41. doi: 10.1002/lary.28616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Ye Z, He P, Zhang Y, Li H, Liu C, Qin X. Predicted fat mass and lean mass in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(2):1064–75. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takenaka Y, Takemoto N, Oya R, Inohara H. Prognostic impact of sarcopenia in patients with head and neck cancer treated with surgery or radiation: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0259288. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA. Sarcopenia. Lancet. 2019;393(10191):2636–46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31138-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar