Lignans in homemade and commercial products containing flaxseed

References

• Axelson , M , Sjövall , J , Gustafsson , BE and Setchell , KDR . 1982 . “Origin of lignans in mammals and identification of a precursor from plants” . Nature , 298 : 659 – 660 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , LU , Robb , P , Serraino , M and Cheung , F . 1991 . “Mammalian lignan production from various foods” . Nutr Cancer , 16 : 43 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axelson , M and Setchell , KDR . 1981 . “The excretion of lignans in rats— evidence for an intestinal bacterial source for this new group of compounds” . FEBS Lett , 123 : 337 – 342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borriello , SP , Setchell , KDR , Axelson , M and Lawson , AM . 1985 . “Production and metabolism of lignans by the human faecal flora” . J Appl Bacteriol , 58 : 37 – 43 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Fotsis , T , Bannwart , C , Wähälä , K Mäkelä , T . 1986 . “Determination of urinary lignan and phytoestrogen metabolites, potential antiestrogens and anticarcinogens in urine of women on various habitual diets” . J Steroid Biochem , 25 : 791 – 797 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson , LU , Seidl , MM , Rickard , S , Orcheson , L and Fong , HHS . 1996 . “Antitumorigenic effect of a mammalian lignan precursor from flax‐seed” . Nutr Cancer , 26 : 159 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , LU , Rickard , SE , Orcheson , LJ and Seidl , MM . 1996 . “Flaxseed and its lignan and oil components reduce mammary tumor growth at a late stage of carcinogenesis” . Carcinogenesis , 17 : 1373 – 1376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenab , M and Thompson , LU . 1996 . “The influence of flaxseed and lignans on colon carcinogenesis and β‐glucuronidase activity” . Carcinogenesis , 17 : 1343 – 1348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , C , Mäkelä , T , Hase , T , Adlercreutz , H and Kurzer , MS . 1994 . “Lignans and flavonoids inhibit aromatase enzyme in human preadipocytes” . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , 50 : 205 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlercreutz , H , Mousavi , Y , Clark , J , Höckerstedt , E Hämäläinen , E . 1992 . “Dietary phytoestrogens and cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies” . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , 41 : 331 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mousavi , Y and Adlercreutz , H . 1992 . “Enterolactone and enterodiol inhibit each other's proliferative effect on MCF‐7 breast cancer cells in culture” . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , 41 : 615 – 619 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler , J . 1994 . “Just the flax ma'am: researchers testing linseed” . JNCI , 86 : 1746 – 1748 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Association of Official Analytical Chemists . 1984 . Official Methods of Analysis, , 14th ed , Edited by: Williams , S . 153 Washington, DC : Assoc Off Anal Chem Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , LU , Rickard , SE , Cheung , F , Kenaschuk , EO and Obermeyer , WR . 1997 . “Variability in anticancer lignan levels in flaxseed” . Nutr Cancer , 27 : 26 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickard , SE , Orcheson , LJ , Seidl , MM , Luyengi , L Fong , HHS . 1996 . “Dose‐dependent production of mammalian lignans in rats and in vitro from the purified precursor secoisolariciresinol diglycoside in flaxseed” . J Nutr , 126 : 2012 – 2019 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazur , W , Fotsis , T , Wahala , K , Ojala , S Salakka , A . 1996 . “Isotope dilution gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric method for the determination of isoflavonoids, coumestrol, and lignans in food samples” . Anal Biochem , 233 : 169 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchins , AM , Lampe , JW , Martini , MC , Campbell , DR and Slavin , JL . 1995 . “Vegetables, fruits, and legumes: effect on urinary isoflavonoid phytoestrogen and lignan excretion” . J Am Diet Assoc , 95 : 769 – 774 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirkman , LM , Lampe , JW , Campbell , DR , Martini , MC and Slavin , JL . 1995 . “Urinary lignan and isoflavonoid excretion in men and women consuming vegetable and soy diets” . Nutr Cancer , 24 : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampe , JW , Martini , MC , Kurzer , MS , Adlercreutz , H and Slavin , J . 1994 . “Urinary lignan and isoflavonoid excretion in premenopausal women consuming flaxseed powder” . Am J Clin Nutr , 60 : 122 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shultz , TD , Bonorden , WR and Seaman , WR . 1991 . “Effect of short‐term flaxseed consumption on lignan and sex hormone metabolism in men” . Nutr Res , 11 : 1089 – 1100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunnane , SC , Hamadeh , MJ , Liede , AC , Thompson , LU Wolever , TMS . 1995 . “Nutritional attributes of traditional flaxseed in healthy young adults” . Am J Clin Nutr , 61 : 62 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaisey‐Genser , M . 1994 . Flaxseed: Health, Nutrition and Functionality , 7 Winnipeg, Manitoba : Flax Council Canada .
   Google Scholar
• McBumey , M and Thompson , LU . 1989 . “Effect of human fecal donor on in vitro fermentation variables” . Scand J Gastroenterol , 24 : 359 – 367 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markaverich , BM , Roberts , RR , Alejandro , MA , Johnson , GA Middle‐ditch , BS . 1988 . “Bioflavonoid interaction with rat uterine type II binding sites and cell growth inhibition” . J Steroid Biochem , 30 : 71 – 78 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirano , T , Fukuoka , K , Oka , K , Naito , T Hosaka , K . 1990 . “Antipro‐Iiferative activity of mammalian lignan derivatives against the human breast carcinoma cell line, ZR‐75–1” . Cancer Invest , 8 : 595 – 602 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serraino , M and Thompson , LU . 1991 . “The effect of flaxseed supplementation on early risk markers for mammary carcinogenesis” . Cancer Lett , 60 : 135 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serraino , M and Thompson , LU . 1992 . “The effect of flaxseed supplementation on the initiation and promotional stages of mammary tumorigenesis” . Nutr Cancer , 17 : 153 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serraino , M and Thompson , LU . 1992 . “Flaxseed supplementation and early markers of colon carcinogenesis” . Cancer Lett , 63 : 159 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , LU . 1995 . “Flaxseed, lignans and cancer” . In Flaxseed in Human Nutrition , Edited by: Cunnane , SC and Thompson , LU . 219 – 236 . Champaign, IL : Assoc Off Anal Chem .
   Google Scholar