References
- Ball , P. 1975 . Listener responses to filled pauses in relation to floor apportionment . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 14 : 423 – 424 .
- Bateson , G. . The message “This is play” . Group processes: Transactions of the second conference . Edited by: Schaffner , B. pp. 145 – 242 . Madison, NJ : Madison Printing Co. .
- Beattie , G. W. 1977 . The dynamics of interruption and the filled pause . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 16 : 283 – 284 .
- Beattie , G. W. 1980 . “ The skilled art of conversational interaction: Verbal and nonverbal signals in its regulation and management ” . In The analysis of social skill , Edited by: Singleton , W. T. , Spurgeon , P. and Stammers , R. B. 193 – 211 . New York : Plenum .
- Bilmes , J. 1976 . Meaning and interpretation . Semiótica , 16 : 115 – 128 .
- Bilmes , J. 1981 . Proposition and confrontation in a legal discussion . Semiótica , 34 : 251 – 272 .
- Bilmes , J. Discourse and behavior , New York : Plenum . (in press)
- Duncan , S. Jr. 1973 . Toward a grammar for dyadic conversation . Semiotica , 9 : 29 – 46 .
- Garfinkel , H. 1967 . Studies in ethnomethodology , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
- Garfinkel , H. and Sacks , H. 1970 . “ On formal structures of practical actions ” . In Theoretical sociology , Edited by: McKinney , J. C. and Tiryakian , E. A. 338 – 366 . NY : Appleton‐Century‐Crofts .
- Gazdar , G. 1979 . Pragmatics: Implicature, presupposition, and logical form , NY : Academic .
- Goodwin , C. 1981 . Conversational organization: Interaction between speakers and hearers , New York : Academic .
- Grice , H. P. 1975 . “ Logic and conversation ” . In Syntax & semantics, Volume 3: Speech acts , Edited by: Cole , P. and Morgan , J. L. Volume 3 , 41 – 58 . NY : Academic .
- Gumperz , J. 1982 . Discourse strategies , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Heritage , J. C. and Watson , D. R. 1979 . “ Formulations as conversational objects ” . In Everyday Language , Edited by: Psathas , G. 123 – 162 . New York : Irvington .
- Hill , R. J. and Crittenden , K. S. . Proceedings of the Purdue Symposium on Ethnomethodology . Institute for the Study of Social Change, Department of Sociology, Purdue University .
- Jefferson , G. 1973 . A case of precision timing in ordinary conversation: Overlapped tag‐positioned address terms in closing sequences . Semiotica , 9 : 47 – 96 .
- Kiparsky , P. and Kiparsky , C. 1970 . “ Fact ” . In Progress in linguistics , Edited by: Bierwisch , M. and Heidolph , K. 143 – 173 . The Hague : Mouton .
- Labov , W. 1972 . “ Rules for ritual insults ” . In Studies in social interaction , Edited by: Sudnow , D. 121 – 169 . New York : Free Press .
- Labov , W. and Fanshel , D. 1977 . Therapeutic discourse: Psychotherapy as conversation , New York : Academic .
- Lakoff , R. 1971 . “ If's, and's, and but's about conjunction ” . In Studies in linguistic semantics , Edited by: Fillmore , C. J. and Langendoen , D. T. 115 – 149 . New York : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston .
- Lalljee , M. G. and Cook , M. 1969 . An experimental investigation of the function of filled pauses in speech . Language and Speech , 12 : 24 – 28 .
- Maclay , H. and Osgood , C. E. 1959 . Hesitation phenomena in spontaneous English speech . Word , 15 : 19 – 44 .
- Pittenger , R. E. , Hockett , C. F. and Danehy , J. J. 1960 . The first five minutes , Ithaca, NY : Paul Martineau .
- Sacks , H. 1972a . “ On some puns: With some intimations ” . In University roundtable on languages and linguistics. Sociolinguistics: Current trends and prospects , Edited by: Shuy , R. W. 135 – 144 . Washington, DC : Georgetown University Press .
- Sacks , H. 1972b . “ On the analyzability of stories by children ” . In Directions in sociolinguistics , Edited by: Gumperz , J. J. and Hymes , D. 329 – 345 . NY : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston .
- Sacks , H. April 11 1972c . “ Lecture ” . April 11 , SS158X
- Sacks , H. April 13 1972d . “ Lecture ” . April 13 , SSa58X
- Sacks , H. 1974 . “ An analysis of the course of a joke's telling in conversation ” . In Explorations in the ethnography of speaking , Edited by: Bauman , R. and Sherzer , J. 337 – 353 . London : Cambridge University Press .
- Sacks , H. , Schegloff , E. A. and Jefferson , G. 1974 . A simplest systematics for the organization of turn taking for conversation . Language , 50 : 696 – 735 .
- Schegloff , E. A. 1968 . Sequencing in conversational openings . American Anthropologist , 70 : 1075 – 1095 .
- Schegloff , E. A. 1978 . “ On some questions and ambiguities in conversation ” . In Current trends in textlinguistics , Edited by: Dressier , W. U. 81 – 102 . Berlin : Walter de Gruyter .
- Schegloff , E. A. 1979 . “ Identification and recognition in telephone conversation openings ” . In Everyday language: Studies in ethnomethodology , Edited by: Psathas , G. 23 – 78 . New York : Irvington .
- Schegloff , E. A. 1980 . Preliminaries to preliminaries: “Can I ask you a question?” . Sociological Inquiry , 50 : 104 – 152 .
- Schegloff , E. A. and Sacks , H. 1974 . “ Opening up closings ” . In Ethnomethodology , Edited by: Turner , R. 233 – 264 . Harmondworth, Middlesex, , England : Penguin .
- Schenkein , J. 1978 . “ Explanation of transcript notation ” . In Studies in the organization of conversational interaction , Edited by: Schenkein , J. xi – xvi . New York : Academic .
- Turner , R. 1970 . “ Words, utterances and activities ” . In Understanding everyday life , Edited by: Douglas , J. 165 – 187 . Chicago : Aldine .
- Turner , R. 1972 . “ Some formal properties of therapy talk ” . In Studies in social interaction , Edited by: Sudnow , D. 367 – 396 . New York : Free Press .
- I would like to thank the following persons for their aid and comments on an earlier draft of this paper: Stephen Boggs, Charles Goodwin, Alan Howard, Patricia Lee, Anatole Lyovin, and Michael Moerman. Most especially, I would like to thank Emanuel Schegloff. This paper, in its present form, is a direct outcome of my conversations with him, although the opinions expressed herein are my own.