Answering questions from oceanography texts: Learner, task, and text characteristics

References

• Ammon , M. S. 1987 . “ Patterns of performance among bilingual children who score low in reading ” . In Becoming literate in English as a second language , Edited by: Goldman , S.R. and Trueba , H.T. 71 – 105 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Benedetto , R. A. 1986 . “ First and second language ability and the use of top‐level organizational structures ” . In Solving problems in literacy: Learners, teachers, and researchers , Edited by: Niles , J.A. 199 – 203 . Rochester, NY : National Reading Conference .
   Google Scholar
• Bereiter , C. and Scardamalia , M. 1987 . An attainable version of high literacy: Approaches to teaching higher‐order skills in reading and writing . Curriculum Inquiry , 17 : 9 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block , E. 1986a . “ Comprehension strategies of non‐proficient readers ” . In Solving problems in literacy: Learners, teachers and researchers , Edited by: Niles , J.A. 344 – 352 . Rochester, NY : National Reading Conference .
   Google Scholar
• Block , E. 1986b . The comprehension strategies of second language readers . TESOL Quarterly , 20 : 463 – 494 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bormuth , J. R. , Carr , J. , Manning , J. and Pearson , D. 1970 . Children's comprehension of between‐and within‐sentence syntactic structures . Journal of Educational Psychology , 61 : 349 – 357 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bransford , J. D. and Johnson , M.K. 1973 . “ Considerations of some problems of comprehension ” . In Visual information processing , Edited by: Chase , W.G. 383 – 438 . New York : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Brewer , W. F. 1980 . “ Literacy theory, rhetoric, and stylistics: Implications for psychology ” . In Theoretical issues in reading comprehension , Edited by: Spiro , R.J. , Bruce , B.C. and Brewer , W.F. 221 – 239 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , A. L. , Campione , J.C. and Day , J.D. 1981 . Learning to learn: On training students to learn from texts . Educational Researcher , 10 : 14 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Campione , J. C. , Brown , A.L. and Connell , M.L. “ Metacognition: On the importance of understanding what you are doing ” . In Teaching and assessing mathematical problem solving , Edited by: Charles , R.I. and Silver , E. Reston, VA : National Council of Teachers of Mathematics . (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Celce‐Murcia , M. and Larson‐Freeman , D. 1983 . The grammar book: An ESLIEFL teacher's course , Rowley, MA : Newbeny House .
   Google Scholar
• Chafe , W. L. 1985 . “ Linguistic differences produced by differences between speaking and writing ” . In Literacy, language and learning , Edited by: Olson , D.R. , Torrance , N. and Hildyard , A. 105 – 123 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chiesi , H. L. , Spilich , G.J. and Voss , J.F. 1979 . Acquisition of domain‐related information in relation to high and low domain knowledge . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 18 : 257 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , A. , Brown , J. S. and Larkin , K.M. 1980 . “ Inference in text understanding ” . In Theoretical issues in reading comprehension , Edited by: Sprio , R.J. , Bruce , B.C. and Brewer , W.F. 385 – 407 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Dee‐Lucas , D. and Larkin , J.H. 1986 . Novice strategies for processing scientific texts . Discourse Processes , 9 : 329 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson , K. A. and Simon , H.A. 1984 . Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fillmore , C. J. 1983 . Ideal readers and real readers , (Berkeley Cognitive Science Report No. 5) Berkeley, CA : Cognitive Science Program Institute of Human Learning .
   Google Scholar
• Goldman , S. R. 1985 . “ Inferential reasoning in and about narrative texts ” . In The psychology of questions , Edited by: Graesser , A. and Black , J. 247 – 276 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Hahn , J. M. and Goldman , S.R. . Children's summarization behaviors . Paper presented at the meetings of the American Educational Research Association . Montreal, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Kay , P. 1987 . “ Three properties of the ideal reader ” . In Cognitive and linguistic analyses of test performance , Edited by: Freedle , R. and Durán , R.P. 208 – 224 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Kintsch , W. 1974 . The representation of meaning in memory , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Langer , J. A. 1985 . Levels of questioning: An alternative view . Reading Research Quarterly , 20 : 586 – 602 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer , J. A. 1986 . Learning through writing: Study skills in the content areas . Journal of Reading , 29 : 400 – 406 .
   Google Scholar
• Larkin , J. H. 1980 . Skilled problem solving in physics: A hierarchical planning model . Journal of Structural Learning , 6 : 271 – 298 .
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , B. 1987 . “ Reading in second language: Studies with adult and child learners ” . In Becoming literate in English as a second language , Edited by: Goldman , S.R. and Trueba , H.T. 57 – 70 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , B. J. F. , Brandt , D.M. and Bluth , G.J. 1980 . Use of top‐level structure in text: Key for reading comprehension of ninth‐grade students . Reading Research Quarterly , 16 : 72 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson , P. D. and Johnson , D. J. 1978 . Teaching reading comprehension , New York : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Reder , L. M. 1987 . Strategy selection in question answering . Cognitive Psychology , 19 : 90 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenshine , B. V. 1980 . “ Skill hierarchies in comprehension ” . In Theoretical issues in reading comprehension , Edited by: Spiro , R.J. , Bruce , B.C. and Brewer , W.F. 535 – 554 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , D. P. and Simon , H.A. 1978 . “ Individual differences in solving physics problems ” . In Children's thinking: What develops? , Edited by: Siegler , R.S. 325 – 348 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Spilich , G. J. , Vesonder , G.T. , Chiesi , H.L. and Voss , J.F. 1979 . Text processing of domain‐related information for individuals with high and low domain knowledge . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 18 : 275 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Stowe , K. 1983 . Ocean Science , (2nd ed) , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , A. and Greene , E. 1978 . The construction and use of a prepositional text base . JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology , 8 : 58 (ms. no. 1713)
   Google Scholar