Comprehending irony in text: evidence from scanpaths

References

• Antoniou, K., & Milaki, E. (2021). Irony comprehension in bidialectal speakers. The Modern Language Journal, 105(3), 697–719. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12724
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attardo, S. (2000). Irony as relevant inappropriateness. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(6), 793–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00070-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au-Yeung, S. K., Kaakinen, J. K., Liversedge, S. P., & Benson, V. (2015). Processing of written irony in autism spectrum disorder: An eye movement study. Autism Research, 8(6), 749–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Columbus, G., Sheikh, N. A., Côté-Lecaldare, M., Häuser, K., Baum, S. R., & Titone, D. (2015). Individual differences in executive control relate to metaphor processing: An eye movement study of sentence reading. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.01057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19(4), 450–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6
   Google Scholar
• Elff, M. (2022). Mclogit: Multinomial logit models, with or without random effects or overdispersion (Version 0.9.6). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=mclogit
   Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W. (2018). Working memory and executive attention: A revisit. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 190–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617720478
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabry, R. E. (2021). Getting it: A predictive processing approach to irony comprehension. Synthese, 198(7), 6455–6489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02470-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, F., & Yang, Z. (2019). The problem of comprehension in psycholinguistics. Discourse Processes, 56(7), 485–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2019.1591885
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filik, R., Howman, H., Ralph-Nearman, C., & Giora, R. (2018). The role of defaultness and personality factors in sarcasm interpretation: Evidence from eye-tracking during reading. Metaphor and Symbol, 33(3), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2018.1481258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filik, R., & Moxey, L. M. (2010). The on-line processing of written irony. Cognition, 116(3), 421–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friston, K., Kilner, J., & Harrison, L. A. (2006). A free energy principle for the brain. Journal of Physiology – Paris, 100(1–3), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2006.10.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs, R. W. (1994). The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and understanding. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs, R. W., & O’Brien, J. (1991). Psychological aspects of irony understanding. Journal of Pragmatics, 16(6), 523–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(91)90101–3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giora, R. (1999). On the priority of salient meanings: Studies of literal and figurative language. Journal of Pragmatics, 31(7), 919–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00100-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giora, R. (2003). On our mind: Salience, context, and figurative language. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195136166.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Godbee, K., & Porter, M. (2013). Comprehension of sarcasm, metaphor and simile in Williams syndrome. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 48(6), 651–665. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, J. (2012). The fault in our stars. Penguin Group.
   Google Scholar
• Grice, H. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics 3: Speech acts (pp. 41–58). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hyönä, J., Lorch, R. F., Jr, & Kaakinen, J. K. (2002). Individual differences in reading to summarize expository text: Evidence from eye fixation patterns. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.94.1.44
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyönä, J., & Nurminen, A.-M. (2006). Do adult readers know how they read? Evidence from eye movement patterns and verbal reports. British Journal of Psychology, 97(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712605X53678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1992). A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory. Psychological Review, 99(1), 122–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.99.1.122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaakinen, J. K. (2017). On-line measures of text processing. In M. F. Schober, D. N. Rapp, & M. A. Britt (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of discourse processes (2nd ed., pp. 125–130). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315687384-8
   Google Scholar
• Kaakinen, J. K., & Hyönä, J. (2007). Strategy use in the reading span test: An analysis of eye movements and reported encoding strategies. Memory, 15(6), 634–646. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210701457096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaakinen, J. K., Olkoniemi, H., Kinnari, T., & Hyönä, J. (2014). Processing of written irony: An eye movement study. Discourse Processes, 51(4), 287–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2013.870024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreuz, R. J., & Link, K. E. (2002). Asymmetries in the use of verbal irony. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 21(2), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/02627X02021002002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• León, J. A., Moreno, J. D., Escudero, I., & Kaakinen, J. K. (2019). Selective attention to question-relevant text information precedes high-quality summaries: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.1.6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, D. P., Roediger, H. L., McDaniel, M. A., Balota, D. A., & Hambrick, D. Z. (2010). The relationship between working memory capacity and executive functioning: Evidence for a common executive attention construct. Neuropsychology, 24(2), 222–243. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mézière, D., Yu, L., McArthur, G., Reichle, E., & von der Malsburg, T. (2022). Scanpath regularity as an index of reading comprehension. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w6x4t
   Google Scholar
• Olkoniemi, H., Halonen, S., Pexman, P. M., & Häikiö, T. (2023). Children’s processing of written irony: An eye movement study. Cognition, 238, 105508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olkoniemi, H., Johander, E., & Kaakinen, J. K. (2019). The role of look-backs in the processing of written sarcasm. Memory & Cognition, 47(1), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-018-0852-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olkoniemi, H., & Kaakinen, J. K. (2021). Processing of irony in text: A systematic review of eye-tracking studies. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale, 75(2), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olkoniemi, H., Ranta, H., & Kaakinen, J. K. (2016). Individual differences in the processing of written sarcasm and metaphor: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(3), 433–450. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olkoniemi, H., Strömberg, V., & Kaakinen, J. K. (2019). The ability to recognise emotions predicts the time-course of sarcasm processing: Evidence from eye movements. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(5), 1212–1223. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021818807864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parshina, O., Sekerina, I. A., Lopukhina, A., & von der Malsburg, T. (2022). Monolingual and bilingual reading processes in Russian: An exploratory scanpath analysis. Reading Research Quarterly, 57(2), 469–492. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pexman, P. M. (2008). It’s fascinating research: The cognition of verbal irony. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(4), 286–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00591.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2021) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 372–422. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayner, K. (2009). The 35th sir frederick bartlett lecture: Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62(8), 1457–1506. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210902816461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scrucca, L., Fop, M., Murphy, T. B., & Raftery, A. E. (2016). mclust 5: Clustering, classification and density estimation using Gaussian finite mixture models. The R Journal, 8(1), 289–317. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2016-021
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spotorno, N., & Noveck, I. (2019). Ironic utterances. In C. Cummings & N. Katsos (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of experimental semantics and pragmatics (pp. 283–297). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198791768.013.16
   Google Scholar
• Trapp, S., Parr, T., Friston, K., & Schröger, E. (2021). The predictive brain must have a limitation in short-term memory capacity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(5), 384–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214211029977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turcan, A., & Filik, R. (2016). An eye-tracking investigation of written sarcasm comprehension: The roles of familiarity and context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(12), 1867–1893. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venables, W. N., & Ripley, B. D. (2002). Modern Applied Statistics with S (4th ed.). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• von der Malsburg, T. (2018). Scanpath: Tools for analyzing spatio-temporal patterns in eye movements (Version 1.06). https://github.com/tmalsburg/scanpath
   Google Scholar
• von der Malsburg, T., & Vasishth, S. (2011). What is the scanpath signature of syntactic reanalysis? Journal of Memory and Language, 65(2), 109–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2011.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von der Malsburg, T., & Vasishth, S. (2013). Scanpaths reveal syntactic underspecification and reanalysis strategies. Language and Cognitive Processes, 28(10), 1545–1578. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2012.728232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walczyk, J. J., & Taylor, R. W. (1996). How do the efficiencies of reading subcomponents relate to looking back in text? Journal of Educational Psychology, 88(3), 537–545. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.88.3.537
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar