1,128
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Gender Differences in Criminal Intent: Examining the Mediating Influence of Anticipated Shaming

, , , &
Pages 17-41 | Received 22 Nov 2013, Accepted 14 Jan 2014, Published online: 06 Oct 2014

REFERENCES

  • Adler, Freda. 1975. Sisters in Crime: The Rise of the New Female Criminal. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Agnew, Robert. 1992. “Foundation for a General Strain Theory.” Criminology 30:47–87.
  • Agnew, Robert. 2001. “Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 38:319–361.
  • Agnew, Robert. 2006. “Pressured into Crime: General Strain Theory.” Pp. 201–209 in Criminological Theory: Past to Present, edited by Francis. T. Cullen and Robert Agnew. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing Company.
  • Akers, Ronald L. 2009. Social Learning and Social Structure: A General Theory of Crime and Deviance. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Alarid, Leanne F., Velmer S. Burton, and Francis T. Cullen. 2000. “Gender and Crime Among Felony Offenders: Assessing the Generality of Social Control and Differential Association Theories.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 37:171–199.
  • Baron, Rueben M. and David A. Kenny. 1986. “The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51:1173–1182.
  • Batton, Candice. 2004. “Gender Differences in Lethal Violence: Historical Trends in the Relationship Between Homicide and Suicide Rates, 1960–2000.” Justice Quarterly 21:423–461.
  • Bell, Kerryn E. 2009. “Gender and Gangs: A Quantitative Comparison.” Crime & Delinquency 55:363–387.
  • Benetti-McQuoid, Jessica and Krissanne Bursik. 2005. “Individual Differences in Experiences of and Responses to Guilt and Shame: Examining the Lenses of Gender and Gender Role.” Sex Roles 53:133–142.
  • Blackwell, Brenda S. and Alex R. Piquero. 2005. “On the Relationships Between Gender, Power Control, Self-Control, and Crime.” Journal of Criminal Justice 33:1–17.
  • Booth, Jeb A., Amy Farrell, and Sean P. Varano. 2008. “Social Control, Serious Delinquency, and Risky Behaviors: A Gendered Analysis.” Crime & Delinquency 54:423–456.
  • Botchkovar, Ekaterina V. 2005. “Theoretical Improvement of Braithwaite’s Reintergrative Theory: Specifying Contingencies for the Process of Shaming” (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Department of Sociology at North Carolina State University: UMI.
  • Braithwaite, John. 1989. Crime, Shame, And Reintegration. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Broidy, Lisa and Robert Agnew. 1997. “Gender and Crime: A General Strain Theory Perspective.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 34:275–306.
  • Burton, Velmer S., Francis T. Cullen, David T. Evans, Leanne F. Alarid, and R. G. Dunaway. 1998. “Gender, Self-Control, and Crime.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 35:123–147.
  • Capowich, George E., Paul Mazerolle, and Alex R. Piquero. 2001. “General Strain Theory, Situational Anger, and Social Networks: An Assessment of Conditional Influences.” Journal of Criminal Justice 29:445–461.
  • Chapple, Constance L., Julia McQuillan, and Tercieria A. Berdahl. 2005. “Gender, Social Bonds, and Delinquency: A Comparison of Boys’ and Girls’ Models.” Social Science Research 34:357–383.
  • Chesney-Lind, Meda. 1989. “Girls’ Crime and Woman’s Place: Toward a Feminist Model of Female Delinquency.” Crime & Delinquency 35:5–29.
  • Cochran, John K., Mitchell B. Chamlin, Peter B. Wood, and Christine S. Sellers. 1999. “Shame, Embarrassment, and Formal Sanction Threats: Extending the Deterrence/Rational Choice Model to Academic Dishonesty.” Sociological Inquiry 69:91–105.
  • Cohen, Albert K. 1955. Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
  • Fazio, Russell H. 1986. “How Do Attitudes Guide Behavior?” Pp. 204–243 in The Handbook of Motivation and Cognitions: Foundations of Social Behavior, edited by R. M. Sorrentino and E. T. Higgins. New York: Guilford.
  • FBI. 2010. “Crime in the United States: Ten-Year Arrest Trends by Sex, 2001–2010 (Table 33).” Retrieved July 20, 2014 (http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/tables/10tbl33.xls).
  • Ferguson, T. J., H. L. Eyre, and M. Ashbaker. 2000. “Unwanted Identities: A Key Variable in Shame-Anger Links and Gender Differences in Shame.” Sex Roles 42:133–157.
  • Fishbein, Mark and Icek Ajzen. 1975. Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Gottfredson, Michael R. and Travis Hirschi. 1990. A General Theory of Crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Grasmick, Harold G., Brenda S. Blackwell, and Robert J. Bursik, Jr. 1993. “Changes in the Sex Patterning of Perceived Threats of Sanctions.” Law & Society Review 27:679–705.
  • Grasmick, Harold G. and Robert J. Bursik, Jr.1990. “Conscience, Significant Others, and Rational Choice: Extending the Deterrence Model.” Law & Society Review 24:837–861.
  • Grasmick, Harold G., Charles R.Tittle, Robert J. Bursik, Jr., and Bruce J. Arneklev. 1993. “Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30:5–29.
  • Gutierrez, Daniel and W. B. Hagedorn. 2013. “The Toxicity of Shame: Applications for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.” Journal of Mental Health Counseling 35:43–59.
  • Hagan, John, John H. Simpson, and A. R. Gillis. 1979. “The Sexual Stratification of Social Control: A Gender-Based Perspective on Crime and Delinquency.” The British Journal of Sociology 30:25–38.
  • Harder D. W. and A. Zalma. 1990. “Two Promising Shame and Guilt Scales: A Construct Validity Comparison.” Journal of Personality Assessment 55:729–745.
  • Harris, Nathan. 2001. “Shaming and Shame: Regulating Drunk-Driving.” Pp. 73–210 in Shame Management Through Reintegration, edited by Eliza Ahmed, Nathan Harris, John Braithwaite, and Valerie Braithwaite. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hay, Carter. 2001. “An Exploratory Test of Braithwaite’s Reintegrative Shaming Theory.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 38:132–153.
  • Hejdenberg, Jennie and Bernice Andrews. 2011. “The Relationship Between Shame and Different Types of Anger: A Theory Based Investigation.” Personality and Individual Differences 50:1278–1282.
  • Higgins, George E. and Richard Tewksbury. 2006. “Sex and Self-Control Theory: The Measures and Causal Model May Be Different.” Youth & Society 37:479–503.
  • Hirschi, Travis. 1969. Causes of Delinquency. Berkley: University of California Press.
  • Hoffmann, John P. and S. S. Su. 1997. “The Conditional Effects of Stress on Delinquency and Drug Use: A Strain Theory Assessment of Gender Differences.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 34:46–78.
  • Hosser, Daniela, Michael Windzio, and Werner Greve. 2008. “Guilt and Shame as Predictors of Recidivism: A Longitudinal Study with Young Prisoners.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 35:138–152.
  • Huebner, Angela J. and Sherry C. Betts. 2002. “Exploring the Utility of Social Control Theory for Youth Development: Issues of Attachment, Involvement, and Gender.” Youth & Society 34:123–145.
  • Jackson, Arrick. 2009. “The Impact of Restorative Justice on the Development of Guilt, Shame, and Empathy Among Participants in a Victim Impact Training Program.” Victims & Offenders 4:1–24.
  • Jang, Sung J. 2007. “Gender Differences in Strain, Negative Emotions, and Coping Behaviors: A General Strain Theory Approach.” Justice Quarterly 24:523–553.
  • Jennings, Wesley G., Nicole L. Piquero, Angela R. Gover, and Deanna M. Perez. 2009. “Gender and General Strain Theory: A Replication and Exploration of Broidy and Agnew’s Gender/Strain Hypothesis Among a Sample of Southwestern Mexican American Adolescents.” Journal of Criminal Justice 37:404–417.
  • Jensen, Gary F. 2003. “Gender Variation in Delinquency: Self-Images, Beliefs and Peers as Mediating Mechanisms.” Pp. 151–178 in Social Learning and the Explanation of Crime: New Directions for a new century, edited by Ronald L. Akers and Gary F. Jensen. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Johansson, Pernilla and Kimberly Kempf-Leonard. 2009. “A Gender-Specific Pathway to Serious, Violent, and Chronic Offending? Exploring Howell’s Risk Factors for Serious Delinquency.” Crime & Delinquency 55:216–240.
  • Kaplan, Howard B. and Xiaoru Liu. 2006. “A Longitudinal Analysis of Mediating Variables in the Drug Use-Dropping Out Relationship.” Criminology 32(3):415–439.
  • Kaufman, Joanne M. 2009. “Gendered Responses to Serious Strain: The Argument for a General Strain Theory of Deviance.” Justice Quarterly 26:410–444.
  • Keane, C., P. S. Maxim, and J. J. Teevan. 1993. “Drinking and Driving, Self-Control, and Gender: Testing a General Theory Of Crime.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30:30–46.
  • Kemper, Theodore D. 1978. A Social Interactional Theory of Emotions. New York: Wiley.
  • Kemper, Theodore D. 1990. “Social Relationship and Emotions: A Structural Approach.” Pp. 207–237 in Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions, edited by Theodore Kemper. New York: SUNY Press.
  • LaGrange, Teresa C. and Robert A. Silverman. 1999. “Low Self-Control and Opportunity: Testing the General Theory Of Crime as an Explanation for Gender Differences in Delinquency.” Criminology 37:41–72.
  • Lapsley, Daniel K. 1996. Moral Psychology. Boulder, CO: Westview.
  • Lauritsen, Janet L., K. Heimer, and J. P. Lynch. 2009. “Trends in the Gender Gap in Violent Offending: New Evidence From the National Crime Victimization Survey.” Criminology 47:361–399.
  • Lewis, Helen B. 1971. Shame and Guilt in Neurosis. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Lo, Celia C. and Hua Zhong. 2006. “Linking Crime Rates to Relationship Factors: The Use of Gender-Specific Data.” Journal of Criminal Justice 34:317–329.
  • Long, J. S. 1997. Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Mears, Daniel P., Mathew Ploeger, and Mark Warr. 1998. “Explaining the Gender Gap in Delinquency: Peer Influence and Moral Evaluations of Behavior.” Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 35:251–266.
  • Mills, Rosemary S. L., K. A. Arbeau, D. I. K. Lall, and A. E. De Jaeger. 2010. “Parenting and Child Characteristics in the Prediction of Shame in Early and Middle Childhood.” Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 56:500–528.
  • Nystrom, Markus B. T. and Fredrik Mikkelsen. 2013. “Psychopathy-Related Personality Traits and Shame Management Strategies in Adolescents.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 28:519–537.
  • Piquero, Alex R., Raymond Paternoster, Greg Pogarsky, and Thomas Loughran. 2011. “Elaborating the Individual Difference Component in Deterrence Theory.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 7:335–360.
  • Piquero, Alex R. and Stephen G. Tibbetts. 1996. “Specifying the Direct and Indirect Effects of Low Self-Control and Situational Factors in Decision Making: Toward a More Complete Model of Rational Offending.” Justice Quarterly 13:481–510.
  • Piquero, N. L., K. Fox, A. R. Piquero, G. E. Capowich, and P. Mazerolle. 2010. “Gender, General Strain Theory, Negative Emotions, and Disordered Eating.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 39:380–392.
  • Piquero, Nicole L., A. R. Gover, J. M. MacDonald, and A. R. Piquero. 2005. “The Influence of Delinquent Peers on Delinquency: Does Gender Matter?” Youth & Society 36(3):251–275.
  • Piquero, Nicole L. and Miriam D. Sealock. 2004. “Gender and General Strain Theory: A Preliminary Test of Broidy and Agnew’s Gender/GST Hypotheses.” Justice Quarterly 21:125–158.
  • Pogarsky, Greg. 2004. “Projected Offending and Contemporaneous Rule-Violation: Implications For Heterotypic Continuity.” Criminology 42:111–136.
  • Preston, Pamela. 2006. “Marijuana Use as a Coping Response to Psychological Strain: Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Differences Among Young Adults.” Deviant Behavior 27:397–421.
  • Rebellon, Cesar J., Nicole L. Piquero, Alex R. Piquero, and Sherod Thaxton. 2009. “Do Frustrated Economic Expectations and Objective Economic Inequity Promote Crime? A Randomized Experiment Testing Agnew’s General Strain Theory.” European Journal of Criminology 6(1):47–71.
  • Rebellon, Cesar J., Nicole L. Piquero, Alex R. Piquero, and Stephen G. Tibbetts. 2010. “Anticipated Shaming and Criminal Offending.” Journal of Criminal Justice 38(5):988–997.
  • Rebellon, Cesar J. and Murray A. Straus. 2004, July. “Self-Control and Violence Against Dating Partners by University Students in 16 Countries.” Paper presented at the Victimization of Children and Youth: An International Research Conference. Portsmouth, NH.
  • Rebellon, Cesar J., Murray A. Straus, and Rose Medeiros. 2008. “Self-Control in Global Perspective. An Empirical Assessment of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory Within and Across 32 National Settings.” European Journal of Criminology 5:331–362.
  • Scheff, Thomas J. and Suzanne M. Retzinger. 1991. Emotions and Violence: Shame and Rage in Destructive Conflicts. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
  • Schwartz, Jennifer and Bryan D. Rookey. 2008. “The Narrowing Gender Gap in Arrests: Assessing Competing Explanations Using Self-Report, Traffic Fatality, and Official Data on Drunk Driving, 1980–2004.” Criminology 46:637–671.
  • Simons, Ronald L., Martin G. Miller, and Stephan M. Aigner. 1980. “Contemporary Theories of Deviance and Female Delinquency: An Empirical Test.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 17:42–57.
  • Smith, Douglas A. and Raymond Paternoster. 1987. “The Gender Gap in Theories of Deviance: Issues and Evidence.” Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 24:140–172.
  • Steffensmeier, Darrell and Emilie Allan. 1996. “Gender and Crime: Toward a Gendered Paradigm of Female Offending.” Annual Review of Sociology 22:459–487.
  • Steffensmeier, Darrell, Jennifer Schwartz, Hua Zhong, and Jeff Ackerman. 2005. “An Assessment Of Recent Trends in Girls’ Violence Using Diverse Longitudinal Sources: Is the Gender Gap Closing?” Criminology 43:355–405.
  • Stevens, Tia, Merry Morash, and Suyeon Park. 2011. “Late-Adolescent Delinquency: Risks and Resilience for Girls Differing in Risk at the Start of Adolescence.” Youth & Society 43: 1433–1458.
  • Straus, Murray A. 2010. “Thirty Years of Denying the Evidence on Gender Symmetry in Partner Violence: Implications for Prevention and Treatment.” Partner Abuse 3:332–363.
  • Sutherland, Edwin H. 1947. Principles of Criminology, 4th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott.
  • Svensson, Robert. 2003. “Gender Differences in Adolescent Drug Use: The Impact of Parental Monitoring and Peer Deviance.” Youth Society 34:300–329.
  • Svensson, Robert. 2004. “Shame As A Consequence Of The Parent-Child Relationship: A Study of Gender Differences in Juvenile Delinquency.” European Journal of Criminology 1:477–504.
  • Svensson, Robert, F. M. Weerman, L. J. R. Pauwels, G. J. N. Bruinsma, and W. Bernasco. 2013. “Moral Emotions and Offending: Do Feelings of Anticipated Shame and Guilt Mediate the Effect of Socialization on Offending?” European Journal of Criminology 10:22–39.
  • Tangney, June P., Jeff Stuewig, and Logaina Hafez. 2011. “Shame, Guilt and Remorse: Implications for Offender Populations.” Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 22:706–723.
  • Tangney, June P., Jeff Stuewig, and Debra J. Mashek. 2007. “Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior.” Annual Review of Psychology 58:345–372.
  • Terburg, David, B. Morgan, and Jack van Honk, J. 2009. “The Testosterone-Cortisol Ratio: A Hormonal Marker for Proneness to Social Aggression.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 32:216–223.
  • Tibbetts, Stephen G. 1997a. “Shame and Rational Choice in Offending Decisions.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 24:234–255.
  • Tibbetts, Stephen G. 1997b. “Gender Differences in Students’ Rational Decisions to Cheat.” Deviant Behavior 18:393–414.
  • Tibbetts, Stephen G. 2014. “Traits and States of Self-Conscious Emotions in Criminal Decision Making.” Pp. 221–238 in Affect and Cognition in Criminal Decision Making: Between Rational Choices and Lapses of Self-Control, edited by J. Van Gelder, H. Elffers, D. Nagin, and D. Reynald. New York: Routledge Press.
  • Tibbetts, Stephan G. and Denise Herz. 1996. “Gender Differences in Factors of Social Control and Rational Choice.” Deviant Behavior 17:183–208.
  • Tittle, Charles R., D. A. Ward, and Harold G. Grasmick. 2003. “Gender, Age, and Crime/Deviance: A Challenge to Self-Control Theory.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 40:426–453.
  • Tracy, Paul E., Kimberly Kempf-Leonard, and Stephanie Abramoske-James. 2009. “Gender Differences in Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Processing Evidence From National Data.” Crime & Delinquency 55:171–215.
  • Van Gelder, Jean-Louis, Henk Elffers, Daniel S. Nagin, and Danielle Reynald (Eds.). 2014. Affect and Cognition in Criminal Decision Making: Between Rational Choices and Lapses of Self-Control. New York: Routledge Press.
  • Van Gundy, Karen. 2002. “Gender, The Assertion of Autonomy, and the Stress Process in Young Adulthood.” Social Psychology Quarterly 65:346–363.
  • Van Stokkom, Bas. 2002. “Moral Emotions in Restorative Justice Conferences: Managing Shame, Designing Empathy.” Theoretical Criminology 6:339–360.
  • Whitley, B. E., Jr. 2001. “Gender Differences in Affective Responses to Having Cheated: The Mediating Role of Attitudes.” Ethics and Behavior 11:249–259.
  • Wiecko, Filip M. 2010. “Research Note: Assessing the Validity of College Samples: Are Students Really That Different?” Journal Of Criminal Justice 38:1186–1190.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.