“Homeless Killer”: An Analysis of the Media’s Portrayal of the Victims of a Serial Killer

References

• American Press Institute. 2014. “The Personal News Cycle.” Retrieved March 29, 2013 (http://www.americanpressinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/The_Media_Insight_Project_The_Personal_News_Cycle_Final.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Berg, Bruce L. 2004. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Berger, Peter L. and Thomas Luckmann. 1966. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Doubleday Publishing Group.
   Google Scholar
• Borchard, Kurt. 2005. The Word on the Street: Homeless Men in Las Vegas. Reno: University of Nevada Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boyatzis, Richard E. 1998. Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and CodeDevelopment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Buck, Philip O., Paul A. Toro, and Melanie A. Ramos. 2004. “Media and Professional Interest in Homelessness over 30 years (1974–2003).” Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 4(1):151–171.
   Google Scholar
• Cappella, Joseph N. and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 1997. Spiral of Cynicism: The Press and the Public Good. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chermak, Steven. 1995. Victims in the News: Crime and the American News Media. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cronley, Courtney. 2010. “Unraveling the Social Construction of Homelessness.” Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 20:319–333.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, Philip M. 2009. “How the Media Frames ‘Open Access.’” The Journal of Electronic Publishing 12(1).
   Google Scholar
• de Vreese, Claes H. 2005. “News Framing: Theory and Typology.” Information Design Journal + Document Design 13(1):48–59.
   Google Scholar
• Doctor, Ken. 2009. News Users 2009. Retrieved March 29, 2013 (http://www.outsellinc.com/store/products/886?refid=pr886).
   Google Scholar
• Donley, Amy. 2008. “The Perception of Homeless People: Important Factors in Determining Perceptions of the Homeless as Dangerous.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
   Google Scholar
• Donley, Amy. 2012. Research Methods. Vol. 2 in Student Handbook to Sociology. New York: Facts on File.
   Google Scholar
• Emery, Sean, Larry Welborn, Erika I. Ritchie and Denisse Salazar. 2012. “Yorba Linda Man Arrested in Homeless Killings.” OCRegister.com, January 13. Retrieved March 29, 2013 (http://www.ocregister.com/articles/homeless-335653-restaurant-dead.html).
   Google Scholar
• Entman, Robert M. 1993. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43(4):51–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filipovič Hrast, Maša. 2008. “Media Representations of Homelessness and the Link to (Effective) Policies: The Case of Slovenia.” European Journal of Homelessness 2 :115–137.
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth, Craig J. 2015. “Posing: The Sociological Routine of a Serial Killer.” American Journal of Criminal Justice 40:861–875.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamson, William A., David Croteau, William Hoynes, and Theodore Sasson. 1992. “Media Images and the Social Construction of Reality.” Annual Review of Sociology 18:373–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamson, William A. and Andre Modigliani. 1989. “Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach.” American Journal of Sociology 95:1–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland, Tammy S., Tara Richards, and Mikaela Cooney. 2010. “Victims Hidden in Plain Sight: The Reality of Victimization Among the Homeless.” Law and Society 23:285–301.
   Google Scholar
• Gawryszewski, Vilma Pinheiro and Luciana Scarlazzari Costa. 2005. “Social Inequality and Homicide Rates in Sao Paulo City, Brazil.” Revista de Saúde Pública 39(2):191–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman, Erving. 1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Gruenewald, Jeff, Steven M. Chermak, and Jesenia M. Pizarro. 2011. “Covering Victims in the News: What Makes Minority Homicides Newsworthy?” Justice Quarterly 10:1–29.
   Google Scholar
• Gruenewald, Jeff, Jesenia M. Pizarro, and Steven M. Chermak. 2009. “Race, Gender, and the Newsworthiness of Homicide Incidents.” Journal of Criminal Justice 37:262–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardesty, Greg. 2012. “Friend’s Death Haunted Suspect in Serial Slayings.” OCRegister.com, January 15. Retrieved March 29, 2013. (http://www.ocregister.com/articles/ocampo-335760-son-father.html).
   Google Scholar
• Hopper, Kim. 2003. Reckoning with Homelessness. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Independent Mail. 2012. “Charges Expected for Suspect in Homeless Deaths.” IndependentMail.com, January 17. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, Ronald N. 1999. “Race, Media and Civil Society.” International Sociology 3:355–372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall, Diana. 2005. Framing Class: Media Representations of Wealth and Poverty in America. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Sei-Hill and L. Anne Willis. 2007. “Talking about Obesity: News Framing of Who is Responsible for Causing and Fixing the Problem.” Journal of Health Communication 12 (4):359–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakoff, George, Howard Dean, and Don Hazen. 2004. Don’t Think of an Elephant!: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate—The Essential Guide for Progressives. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Barrett A. and Christopher J. Schreck. 2005. “Danger on the Streets: Marginality and Victimization among Homeless People.” American Behavioral Scientist 48:1055–1081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lind, Rebecca A. and James A. Danowski. 1999. “The Representation of the Homeless in U.S. Electronic Media: A Computational Linguistic Analysis.” Pp. 20–21 in Reading the Homeless: The Media’s Image of Homeless, edited by Eungjun Min. Westport, CT: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Lombard, Matthew, Jeffifer Snyder-Duch, and Cheryl Campanella Bracken. 2004. “Practical Resources for Assessing and Reporting Intercoder Reliability in Content Analysis Research Projects.” Retrieved February 20, 2014 (http://ils.indiana.edu/faculty/hrosenba/www/Research/methods/lombard_reliability.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Lundman, Richard J. 2003. “The Newsworthiness and Selection Bias in the News About Murder: Comparative and Relative Effects and Novelty and Race and Gender Typifications on Newspaper Coverage of Homicide.” Sociological Forum 18(3):357– 386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, Stacy and Limor Peer. 2002. “Analyzing Newspaper Content: A How-To Guide.” Readership Institute: Media Management Center at Northwestern University.
   Google Scholar
• McNulty, Bernadette Rose. 1992. “Homeless and Hopeless: Resignation in News Media Constructions of Homelessness as a Social Problem.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania.
   Google Scholar
• National Coalition for the Homeless. 2012. “Hate Crimes Against the Homeless: Brutality of Violence Unveiled.” Retrieved March 29, 2013 (http://www.nationalhomeless.org/publications/index.html).
   Google Scholar
• Paulsen, Derek J. 2003. “Murder in Black and White: The Newspaper Coverage of Homicide in Houston.” Homicide Studies 7(3):289–317.
   Google Scholar
• Pollak, Jessica M. and Charis E. Kubrin. 2007. “Crime in the News: How Crimes, Offenders and Victims are Portrayed in the Media.” Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture 14(1):59–83.
   Google Scholar
• Reynalds, Jeremy. 2006. Homeless Culture and the Media: How the Media Educate Audiences in Their Portrayal of America’s Homeless Culture. Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schildkraut, Jaclyn and Amy M. Donley. 2012. “Murder in Black: A Media Distortion Analysis of Homicides in Baltimore in 2010.” Homicide Studies 16(2):175–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, Barbara. 2011. “Sourcing Homelessness: How Journalists use Source to Frame Homelessness.” Journalism 13(1):71–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, Catherine A. and Susan B. Sorenson. 2002. “The Nature of Newspaper Coverage of Homicide.” Injury Prevention 8:121–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuchman, Gaye. 1978. Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality. New York: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waccholz, Sandra. 2005. “Hate Crimes Against the Homeless: Warning-Out New England Style.” Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 32(4):141–163.
   Google Scholar
• Widdowfield, Rebekah. 2001. “Beggars, Blaggers and Bums? Media representations of Homeless People.” The National Academy of the Humanities and Social Sciences Review (January–July): 51–53.
   Google Scholar
• Wiest, Julie B. 2011. Creating Cultural Monsters: Serial Murder in America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar