Taking Stock in Wildlife Crime Research: Trends and Implications for Future Research

References

• Alacs, Erika and Arthur Georges. 2008. “Wildlife across Our Borders: A Review of the Illegal Trade in Australia.” Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 40 (2):147–60. doi: 10.1080/00450610802491382
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babbie, Earl. 1998. The Practice of Social Research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Barber‐Meyer, S. M. 2010. “Dealing with the Clandestine Nature of Wildlife‐Trade Market Surveys.” Conservation Biology : The Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology 24 (4):918–23. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01500.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnosky, Anthony D., Nicholas Matzke, Susumu Tomiya, Guinevere O. Wogan, Brian Swartz, Tiago B. Quental, Charles Marshall, Jenny L. McGuire, Emily L. Lindsey, et al. 2011. “Has the Earth’s Sixth Mass Extinction Already Arrived?” Nature 471 (7336):51. doi: 10.1038/nature09833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beirne, Piers and Nigel South. 2013. “Introduction: Approaching Green Criminology.” Pp. xiii–xxii in Issues in Green Criminology: Confronting Harms against Environments, Humanity and Other Animals, edited by Piers Beirne and Nigel South. Abington, Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brisman, Avi and Nigel South. 2015. “An Assessment of Tonry and Farrington’s Four Major Crime Prevention Strategies as Applied to Environmental Crime and Harm.” VARSTVOSLOVJE, Journal of Criminal Justice and Security 17 (2):127–51.
   Google Scholar
• Brisman, Avi, Nigel South, and Rob White, Eds. 2015. Toward a Criminology of Environmental-Conflict Relationships. England: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Broad, Steven, Teresa Mulliken, and Dilys Roe. 2003. “The Nature and Extent of Legal and Illegal Trade in Wildlife.” Pp. 3–22 in The Trade in Wildlife: Regulation for Conservation, edited by Sara Oldfield. London, England: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Butchart, H Stuart, Matt Walpole, Ben Collen, Arco Van Strien, Jörn P. W. Scharlemann, Rosamunde E. A. Almond, Jonathan E. M. Ballie, Bastian Bomhard, Claire Brown, et al. 2010. “Global Biodiversity: Indicators of Recent Declines.” Science 328 (5982):1164–1168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, Timothy J. 2006. “Police Use of Discretion: A Participant Observation Study of Game Wardens.” Deviant Behavior 27 (6):591–627. doi: 10.1080/01639620600781555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceballos, Gerardo, Paul R. Ehrlich, Anthony D. Barnosky, Andrès García, Robert M. Pringle, and Todd M. Palmer. 2015. “Accelerated Modern Human–Induced Species Losses: Entering the Sixth Mass Extinction.” Science Advances 1 (5):e1400253. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1400253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick, Bruce A., Howard M. Bahr, and Stan L. Albrecht. 1984. Social Science Research Methods. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Chorus, Caspar and Ludo Waltman. 2016. “A Large-Scale Analysis of Impact Factor Biased Journal Self-Citations.” Plos One 11 (8):e0161021. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarivate Analytics. 2017. 2016 Journal Impact Factor, Journal Citation Reports®.
   Google Scholar
• Cohn, Ellen G. and David P. Farrington. 2014. “Publication Productivity of Criminologists.” Journal of Criminal Justice Education 25 (3):275–303. doi: 10.1080/10511253.2014.889728
   Google Scholar
• Duermeijer, Charon, Mohamed Amir, and Lucia Schoombee. 2018. “Africa Generates Less than 1% of the World’s Research; Data Analytics Can Change That.” Elsevier Connect. March 22, 2018. Retrieved from: https://www.elsevier.com/connect/africa-generates-less-than-1-of-the-worlds-research-data-analytics-can-change-that
   Google Scholar
• Eliason, Stephen L. 2008. “Wildlife Crime: Conservation Officers’ Perceptions of Elusive Poachers.” Deviant Behavior 29 (2):111–28. doi: 10.1080/01639620701457808
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliason, Stephen L. 2012. “Trophy Poaching: A Routine Activities Perspective.” Deviant Behavior 33 (1):72–87. doi: 10.1080/01639625.2010.548289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2016. Commission Launches Action Plan to Crack down on Wildlife Trafficking. Retrieved on December 11, 2018 from: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-387_en.htm
   Google Scholar
• Fang, Fei, Benjamin Ford, Rong Yang, Milind Tambe, and Andrew M. Lemieux. 2017. “PAWS: GameTheory Based Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security.” Pp. 179 in Conservation Criminology, edited by Meredith Gore. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth, Craig J. 1993. “Chasing and Catching “Bad Guys”: The Game Warden’s Prey.” Deviant Behavior 14 (3):209–26. doi: 10.1080/01639625.1993.9967940
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth, Craig J. and York A. Forsyth. 2009. “Dire and Sequestered Meetings: The Work of Game Wardens.” American Journal of Criminal Justice 34 (3–4):213–23. doi: 10.1007/s12103-009-9065-3
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs, Carole, Meredith L. Gore, Edmund F. McGarrell, and III. Louie Rivers. 2010. “Introducing Conservation Criminology: Towards Interdisciplinary Scholarship on Environmental Crimes and Risks.” British Journal of Criminology 50 (1):124–44. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azp045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs, Carole, Edmund F. McGarrell, Mark Axelrod, and III. Louie Rivers. 2011. “Conservation Criminology and the Global Trade in Electronic Waste: Applying a Multi-Disciplinary Research Framework.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 35 (4):269. doi: 10.1080/01924036.2011.625229
   Google Scholar
• Gini, Corrado. 1921. “Measurement of Inequality of Incomes.” The Economic Journal 31 (121):124–26. doi: 10.2307/2223319
   Google Scholar
• Gore, Meredith L. 2017a. Conservation Criminology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Gore, Meredith L. 2017b. “Global Risks, Conservation, and Criminology.” Conservation Criminology 1:1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Green Criminology. 2017. International Green Criminology Working Group Member Directory. Retrieved on December 11, 2018 from: http://greencriminology.org/member-directory/
   Google Scholar
• Haken, Jeremy. 2011. “Transnational Crime in the Developing World.” Global Financial Integrity 12:11.
   Google Scholar
• Halsey, Mark. 2004. “Against Green Criminology.” British Journal of Criminology 44 (6):833–53. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azh068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbig, F. J. W. and S. J. Joubert. 2006. “Criminological Semantics: Conservation Criminology - Vision or Vagary?” Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology 19 (3):88–103.
   Google Scholar
• Huxley, Chris. 2000. “CITES: The Vision.” Pp. 3–12 in Endangered Species. Threatened Convention, the Past, Present, and Future of CITES, edited by Jon Hutton and Barnabas Dickson. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd.,
   Google Scholar
• http://greencriminology.org/member-directory/
   Google Scholar
• Kahler, Jessica S. and Meredith L. Gore. 2015. “Local Perceptions of Risk Associated with Poaching of Wildlife Implicated in Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Namibia.” Biological Conservation 189:49–58. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurland, Justin, Stephen F. Pires, and Nerea Marteache. 2018. “Mapping Burl Poaching Incidents of Redwood Trees: Implications for Prevention.” Forest Policy and Economics 94:46–54. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2018.06.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurland, Justin, Stephen F. Pires, Sara C. McFann, and William D. Moreto. 2017. “Wildlife Crime: A Conceptual Integration, Literature Review, and Methodological Critique.” Crime Science 6 (1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40163-017-0066-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemieux, Andrew M. 2014. Situational Prevention of Poaching. Vol. 15. Abingdon, Oxon:Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lemieux, Andrew M. and Ronald Clarke. 2009. “The International Ban on Ivory Sales and Its Effect on Elephant Poaching in Africa.” British Journal of Criminology 49 (4):451–71. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azp030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, Michael A., Paul B. Stretesky, Michael J. Lynch, and Emily Fenwick. 2012. “Crime in the Coal Industry.” Organization and Environment 25 (3):328. doi: 10.1177/1086026612452266
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, Michael J. 1990. “The Greening of Criminology. A Perpective on the 1990’s.” Critical Criminologist 2(3):1–4. and 11-12.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, Michael J., Kimberly L. Barrett, Paul B. Stretesky, and Michael A. Long. 2017. “The Neglect of Quantitative Research in Green Criminology and Its Consequences.” Critical Criminology 25 (2):183–98. doi: 10.1007/s10612-017-9359-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, Michael J. and Paul B. Stretesky. 2011. “Similarities between Green Criminology and Green Science: Toward a Typology of Green Criminology.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 35 (4):293–306. doi: 10.1080/01924036.2011.625233
   Google Scholar
• Moreto, William D., Rod K. Brunson, and Anthony A. Braga. 2017. “‘Anything We Do, We Have to Include the Communities’: Law Enforcement Rangers’ Attitudes Towards and Experiences of Community–Ranger Relations in Wildlife Protected Areas in Uganda.” TheBritish Journal of Criminology 57 (4):924–44. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azw032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreto, William D. and Andrew M. Lemieux. 2015. “Poaching in Uganda: Perspectives of Law Enforcement Rangers.” Deviant Behavior 36 (11):853–73. doi: 10.1080/01639625.2014.977184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreto, William D. and Matthew C. Matusiak. 2017. “‘We Fight against Wrong Doers’: Law Enforcement Rangers’ Roles, Responsibilities, and Patrol Operations in Uganda.” Deviant Behavior 38 (4):426–47. doi: 10.1080/01639625.2016.1197015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreto, William D. and Stephen F. Pires. 2018. Wildlife Crime: An Environmental Criminology and Crime Science Perspective. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nuwer, Rachel. 2016, November 28. “A Forgotten Step in Saving African Wildlife: Protecting the Rangers.” Retrieved on December 11, 2018 from: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/science/a-forgotten-step-in-saving-african-wildlife-protecting-therangers.html.
   Google Scholar
• Orrick, Erin A. and Henriikka Weir. 2011. “The Most Prolific Sole and Lead Authors in Elite Criminology and Criminal Justice Journals, 2000–2009.” Journal of Criminal Justice Education 22 (1):24–42. doi: 10.1080/10511253.2010.517649
   Google Scholar
• Pawson, Ray and Nick Tilley. 1997. Realistic Evaluation. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Petrossian, Gohar A. and Ronald. V. Clarke. 2014. “Explaining and Controlling Illegal Commercial Fishing: An Application of the CRAVED Theft Model.” British Journal of Criminology 54 (1):73–90. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azt061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelps, Jacob, Edward L. Webb, David Bickford, Vincent Nijman, and Navjot S. Sodhi. 2010. “Boosting Cites.” Science 330 (6012):1752–53. doi: 10.1126/science.1195558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pires, S. F., J. L. Schneider, and M. Herrera. 2016a. “Organized Crime or Crime that Is Organized? the Parrot Trade in the Neotropics.” Trends in Organized Crime 19 (1):4–20. doi: 10.1007/s12117-015-9259-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pires, Stephen F. 2015a. “Introduction: Wildlife Crime.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 21 (3):299–302. doi: 10.1007/s10610-015-9290-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pires, Stephen F. 2015b. “A CRAVED Analysis of Multiple Illicit Parrot Markets in Peru and Bolivia.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 21 (3):321–36. doi: 10.1007/s10610-014-9264-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pires, Stephen F. and Robert T. Guerette. 2014. “Does Opportunity Make the Poacher?” Situational Prevention of Poaching 15:44.
   Google Scholar
• Pires, Stephen F., Jaqueline L. Schneider, Mauricio Herrera, and Jose L. Tella. 2016b. “Spatial, Temporal and Age Sources of Variation in Parrot Poaching in Bolivia.” Bird Conservation International 26 (3):293–306. doi: 10.1017/S095927091500026X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosser, Allison M. and Sue A. Mainka. 2002. “Overexploitation and Species Extinctions.” Conservation Biology 16 (3):584–86. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01635.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggiero, Vincenzo and Nigel South. 2013. “Green Criminology and Crimes of the Economy: Theory, Research and Praxis.” Critical Criminology 21 (3):359–73. doi: 10.1007/s10612-013-9191-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, Jaqueline L. 2012. Sold into Extinction: The Global Trade in Endangered Species. Westport, CT: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• South, Nigel. 1998. “A Green Field for Criminology?: A Proposal for A Perspective.” Theoretical Criminology 2 (2):211–33. doi: 10.1177/1362480698002002004
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland, W. J., W. M. Adams, R. B. Aronson, R. Aveling, T. M. Blackburn, S. Broad, G. Ceballos, I. M. Côté, R. M. Cowling, and E. Dinerstein. 2009. “One Hundred Questions of Importance to the Conservation of Global Biological Diversity.” Conservation Biology 23 (3):557–67. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01212.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2015). “Overview of Wildlife and Forest Crime.” Retrieved on December 11, 2018 from: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/wildlife-and-forest-crime/overview.html
   Google Scholar
• Vince, Gaia. 2002. Organized Gangs Target Wildlife Trade. in New Scientist. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2413-organised-gangs-target-wildlife-trade/
   Google Scholar
• Warchol, Greg. 2017. Exploiting the Wilderness: An Analysis of Wildlife Crime. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University.
   Google Scholar
• White, Robert. 2013. Crimes against Nature: Environmental Criminology and Ecological Justice. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson-Wilde, Linzi. 2010. “Wildlife Crime: A Global Problem.” Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 6 (3):221–22. doi: 10.1007/s12024-010-9167-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward, Vanessa H., E. Megan, O. Webb, Griffin III Hayden, and Heith Copes. 2016. “The Current State of Criminological Research in the United States: An Examination of Research Methodologies in Criminology and Criminal Justice Journals.” Journal of Criminal Justice Education 27 (3):340–61. doi: 10.1080/10511253.2015.1131312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, Richard A., Kevin M. Bryant, and J. Mitchell Miller. 2001. “Top Criminals/Top Criminologists: The Most-Cited Authors and Works in White-Collar Crime.” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 17 (4):383–99. doi: 10.1177/1043986201017004007
   Google Scholar
• Wright, Richard A. and David O. Friedrichs. 1998. “The Most-Cited Scholars and Works in Critical Criminology.” Journal of Criminal Justice Education 9 (2):211–31. doi: 10.1080/10511259800084291
   Google Scholar
• Wright, Richard A. and J. Mitchell Miller. 1999. “The Most-Cited Scholars and Works in Corrections.” The Prison Journal 79 (1):5–22. doi: 10.1177/0032885599079001002
   Google Scholar
• WWF/Dalberg. 2012. Fighting Illicit Wildlife Trafficking: A Consultation with Governments. Gland, Switzerland: WWF International.
   Google Scholar
• Wyatt, Tanya. 2013. Wildlife Trafficking: A Deconstruction of the Crime, the Victims, and the Offenders. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Zients, Jeff and Christy Goldfuss. 2015. “US Takes New Steps to Combat Wildlife Trafficking.” Retrieved on December 11, 2018 from: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/08/05/us-takes-new-steps-combat-wildlife-trafficking
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, Mara E. 2003. “The Black Market for Wildlife: Combating Transnational Organized Crime in the Illegal Wildlife Trade.” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 36:1657.
   Google Scholar