Teen Pregnancy, Depression, and Substance Abuse: The Conditioning Effect of Deviant Peers

References

• Agnew, R. 2006. Pressured into Crime: An Overview of General Strain Theory. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury.
   Google Scholar
• Agnew, R., T. Brezina, J.P. Wright, and F.T Cullen. 2002. “Strain, Personality Traits, and Delinquency: Extending General Strain Theory.” Criminology 40 (1):43–72. doi: 10.1111/crim.2002.40.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew, Robert. 1992. “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency.” Criminology 30 (1):47–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01093.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew, Robert. 2001. “Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency.” Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 38 (4):319–61. doi: 10.1177/0022427801038004001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew, Robert. 2002. “Experienced, Vicarious, and Anticipated Strain: An Exploratory Study on Physical Victimization and Delinquency.” Justice Quarterly 19 (4):603–32. doi: 10.1080/07418820200095371
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew, Robert. 2013. “When Criminal Coping Is Likely: An Extension of General Strain Theory.” Deviant Behavior 34 (8):653–70. doi: 10.1080/01639625.2013.766529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken, Leona and Stephen G. West. 1991. Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Barnes, Grace M., Joseph H. Hoffman, John W. Welte, Michael P. Farrell, and Barbara A. Dintcheff. 2006. “Effects of Parental Monitoring and Peer Deviance on Substance Use and Delinquency.” Journal of Marriage & Family 68 (4):1084–104. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00315.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnet, Beth, Anne K. Duggan, Michelle D. Wilson, and Alain Joffe. 1995. “Association between Postpartum Substance Use and Depressive Symptoms, Stress, and Social Support in Adolescent Mothers.” Pediatrics 96 (4):659–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron, Stephan W. 2011. “Street Youths and the Proximate and Contingent Causes of Instrumental Crime: Untangling Anomie Theory.” Justice Quarterly 28 (3):413–36. doi: 10.1080/07418825.2010.512871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumer, Eric P. and Regan Gustafson. 2007. “Social Organization and Instrumental Crime: Assessing the Empirical Validity of Classical and Contemporary Anomie Theories.” Criminology 43 (3):617–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2007.00090.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blue, Stanley, Elizabeth Shove, Chris Carmona, and Michael P. Kelly. 2016. “Theories of Practice and Public Health: Understanding (Un)Healthy Practices.” Critical Public Health 26 (1):36–50. doi: 10.1080/09581596.2014.980396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borkowski, John G., Jaelyn R. Farris, Thomas L. Whitman, Shannon S. Carothers, Keri Weed, and Deborah A. Keogh, Eds. 2016. Risk and Resilience: Adolescent Mothers and Their Children Grow Up. Matwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Broidy, Lisa. 2001. “A Test of General Strain Theory.” Criminology 39 (1):9–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00915.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broidy, Lisa and Robert Agnew. 1997. “Gender and Crime: A General Strain Theory Perspective.” Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 34 (3):275–306. doi: 10.1177/0022427897034003001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavazos-Rehg, P.A., M.J. Krauss, E.L. Spitznagel, M. Schootman, L.B. Cottler, and L.J Bierut. 2012. “Brief Report: Pregnant by Age 15 Years and Substance Use Initiation among US Adolescent Girls.” Journal of Adolescence 35 (5):1393–97. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, S.L.C. and L.T Wu. 2013. “Substance Use Among Adolescent Mothers: A Review.” Children & Youth Services Review 35 (5):806–13. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels, Ana Z. and Kristy Holtfreter. 2019. “Moving beyond Anger and Depression: The Effects of Anxiety and Envy on Maladaptive Coping.” Deviant Behavior 40 (3):34–352. doi: 10.1080/01639625.2017.1422457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeGenna, Natacha M., Marie D. Cornelius, and John E. Donovan. 2009. “Risk Factors for Young Adult Substance Use among Women Who Were Teenage Mothers.” Addictive Behaviors 34 (5):463–70. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demuth, Stephen, L Susan, and S. L Brown. 2004. “Family Structure, Family Processes, and Adolescent Delinquency: The Significance of Parental Absence versus Parental Gender.” Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 41 (1):58–81. doi: 10.1177/0022427803256236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dishion, Thomas. J. and Rolf Loeber. 1985. “Adolescent Marijuana and Alcohol Use: The Role of Parents and Peers Revisited.” The American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse 11 (1–2):11–25. doi: 10.3109/00952998509016846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson, David M., Nicola R. Swain-Campbell, and L. John Horwood. 2002. “Deviant Peer Affiliations, Crime and Substance Use: A Fixed Effects Regression Analysis.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 30:419–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French, David C. and Thomas J Dishion. 2003. “Predictors of Early Initiation of Sexual Intercourse among High-Risk Adolescents.” Journal of Early Adolescence 23 (3):295–315. doi: 10.1177/0272431603254171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froggio, Giacinto and Robert Agnew. 2007. “The Relationship between Crime and “objective” versus “subjective” Strains.” Journal of Criminal Justice 35 (1):81–87. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.11.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garwood, Sarah K., Lara Gerassi, Melissa  Johnson-Reid, Plax Katie, and Drake Brett. 2016. “More than Poverty: The Effect of Child Abuse and Neglect on Teen Pregnancy Risk.” Journal of Adolescent Health 57 (2):164–68. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.05.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golladay, Katelyn A. and Kristy Holtfreter. 2017. “The Consequences of Identity Theft Victimization: An Examination of Emotional and Physical Health Outcomes.” Victims & Offenders 12 (5):741–60. doi: 10.1080/15564886.2016.1177766
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhoot, AF and CJ Dowsett. 2012. “Secondary Data Analysis: An Important Tool for Addressing Developmental Questions.” Journal of Cognition & Development 13 (1):2–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, Kelli S., Jennifer L. Richards, and Kathleen M. Harris. 2017. “Social Disparities in the Relationship between Depression and Unintended Pregnancy during Adolescence and Young Adulthood.” Journal of Adolescent Health 60 (6):688–97. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, Brady, Joyce A. Martin, Michelle J. Osterman, Sally C. Curtin, and T.J. Mathews. 2015. “Births: Final Data for 2014.” National Vital Statistics Reports 64 (12):1–64.
   Google Scholar
• Hay, Carter and Michelle M. Evans. 2006. “Violent Victimization and Involvement in Delinquency: Examining Predictions from General Strain Theory.” Journal of Criminal Justice 34 (3):261–74. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay, Carter and Ryan Meldrum. 2010. “Bullying Victimization and Adolescent Self-Harm: Testing Hypotheses from General Strain Theory.” Journal of Youth & Adolescence 39 (5):446–59. doi: 10.1007/s10964-009-9502-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeben, Evelien M., Ryan C. Meldrum, D'Andre Walker, and Jacob T.N. Young. 2016. “The Role of Peer Delinquency and Unstructured Socializing in Explaining Delinquency and Substance Use: A State-Of-The-Art Review.” Journal of Criminal Justice 47:108–22. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, John P and S. Susan Su. 1997. “The Conditional Effects of Stress on Delinquency and Drug Use: A Strain Theory Assessment of Sex Differences.” Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 34 (1):46–78. doi: 10.1177/0022427897034001004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtfreter, Kristy, Michael D. Reisig, and Eryn N. O’Neal. 2015. “Prescription Drug Misuse in Late Adulthood: An Examination of Competing Explanations.” Journal of Drug Issues 45 (4):351–67. doi: 10.1177/0022042615589405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope, Trina L., I Esther, E. I Wilder, and Toni T Watt. 2003. “The Relationships among Adolescent Pregnancy, Pregnancy Resolution, and Juvenile Delinquency.” The Sociological Quarterly 44 (4):555–76. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb00525.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessor, Richard. 1987. “Problem Behavior Theory, Psychosocial Development, and Adolescent Problem Drinking.” British Journal of Addiction 82 (4):31–342.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kearney, Melissa S. and P. B Levine. 2015. “Impact of MTV’s “16 and Pregnant” on Teen Childbearing.” American Economic Review 105 (12):3597–632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreager, Derek A., Ross L. Matsueda, and Elena A. Erosheva. 2010. “Motherhood and Criminal Desistance in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods.” Criminology 48 (1):221–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2010.00184.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letourneau, Nicole L., Miriam J. Stewart, and Alison K. Barnfather. 2004. “Adolescent Mothers: Support Needs, Resources, and Support-Education Interventions.” Journal of Adolescent Health 35 (6):1509–25. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(04)00069-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonnell, James R., Susan P. Limber, and Jennifer Connor-Godbey. 2007. “Pathways Teen Mother Support Project: Longitudinal Findings.” Children & Youth Services Review 29 (7):840–55. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGloin, Jean M. and Lauren O.N Shermer. 2009. “Self-Control and Deviant Peer Network Structure.” Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 46 (1):35–72. doi: 10.1177/0022427808326585
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, Brent C. 2002. “Family Influences on Adolescent Sexual and Contraceptive Behavior.” Journal of Sex Research 39 (1):22–26. doi: 10.1080/00224490209552115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollborn, Stefanie and Elizabeth Morningstar. 2009. “Investigating the Relationship between Teenage Childbearing and Psychological Distress Using Longitudinal Evidence.” Journal of Health & Social Behavior 50 (3):310–26. doi: 10.1177/002214650905000305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon, Byongook, David Blurton, and John D. McCluskey. 2008. “General Strain Theory and Delinquency: Focusing on the Influences of Key Strain Characteristics on Delinquency.” Crime & Delinquency 54 (4):582–613. doi: 10.1177/0011128707301627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paternoster, Raymond, Robert Brame, Paul Mazerolle, and Alex Piquero. 1998. “Using the Correct Statistical Test for the Equality of Regression Coefficients.” Criminology 4:859–66. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01268.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, Jennifer H., Kristina K . Childs, Wesley G. Jennings, and Caitlin M. Brady. 2017. “General Strain Theory, Depression, and Substance Use: Results from a Nationally Representative, Longitudinal Sample of White, African-American, and Hispanic Adolescents and Young Adults.” Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 27 (1):11–28. doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2017.1396516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyrooz, David C., Jean M. McGloin, and Scott H. Decker. 2017. “Parenthood as A Turning Point in the Life Course for Male and Female Gang Members: A Study of Within-Individual Changes in Gang Membership and Criminal Behavior.” Criminology 55 (4):869–99. doi: 10.1111/1745-9125.12162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff, Lenore S. 1977. “The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population.” Applied Psychological Measurement 1 (3):385–401. doi: 10.1177/014662167700100306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisig, Michael D., Kristy Holtfreter, and Jillian J. Turanovic. 2018. “Criminal Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and Behavioral Avoidance Coping in Late Adulthood: The Conditioning Role of Strong Familial Ties.” Journal of Adult Development 25 (1):13–24. doi: 10.1007/s10804-017-9270-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roosa, Mark W., Jenn-Yun Tein, Cindy Reinholtz, and Patricia J. Angelini. 1997. “The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy.” Journal of Marriage & Family 59 (1):119–30. doi: 10.2307/353666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, Morris. 1965. Society and the Adolescent Self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. doi:10.1515/9781400876136.
   Google Scholar
• Salas-Wright, C.P., M.G. Vaughn, J. Ugalde, and J Todic. 2015. “Substance Use and Teen Pregnancy in the United States: Evidence from the NSDUH 2002-2012.” Addictive Behaviors 45:218–25. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuger, Lisa. 2012. Teen Pregnancy and High School Dropout: What Communities Can Do to Address These Issues. Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.
   Google Scholar
• Simons-Morton, Bruce, Denise L. Haynie, Aria D. Crump, Patricia Eitel, and Keith E Saylor. 2001. “Peer and Parent Influences on Smoking and Drinking among Early Adolescents.” Health Education & Behavior 28 (1):95–107. doi: 10.1177/109019810102800109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithBattle, Lee, Deborah G. Loman, Chutima Chantamit-o-pas, and Joanne K. Schneider. 2017. “An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Interventions to Improve Maternal Outcomes for Teen Mothers.” Journal of Adolescence 50:97–111. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaxton, Sherod and Robert Agnew. 2018. “When Criminal Coping Is Likely: An Examination of Conditioning Effects in General Strain Theory.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 34 (4):887–920. doi: 10.1007/s10940-017-9358-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillyer, Marie S. and R. Rob Tillyer. 2016. “Race, Ethnicity, and Adolescent Violent Victimization.” Journal of Youth & Adolescence 45 (1):1–15. doi: 10.1007/s10964-016-0416-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turanovic, Jillian J. 2015. “The Age-Graded Consequences of Victimization.” Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University.
   Google Scholar
• Turanovic, Jillian J. and Travis C Pratt. 2013. “The Consequences of Maladaptive Coping: Integrating General Strain and Self-Control Theories to Specify a Causal Pathway between Victimization and Offending.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 29 (3):321–45. doi: 10.1007/s10940-012-9180-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services. 2016. Healthy People 2020. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, D’Andre and Holtfreter. Kristy. 2016. “Adolescent Motherhood, Depression, and Delinquency.” Journal of Child & Family Studies 25 (3):939–48. doi: 10.1007/s10826-015-0268-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Xia and Kristy Holtfreter. 2012. “The Effects of Corporation- and Industry-Level Strain and Opportunity on Corporate Crime.” Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 41 (2):151–85. doi: 10.1177/0022427810395321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitworth, Tanya R. 2017. “Teen Childbearing and Depression: Do Pregnancy Attitudes Matter?” Journal of Marriage & Family 79 (2):390–404. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12380
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiemann, Constance M., Vaughan I. Rickert, Abbey B. Berensen, and Robert J. Volk. 2005. “Are Pregnant Adolescents Stigmatized by Pregnancy?” Journal of Adolescent Health 36:352e1–352e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.06.006
   Google Scholar
• Wight, Richard G., Amanda L. Botticello, and Carol S. Aneshensel. 2006. “Socioeconomic Context, Social Support, and Adolescent Mental Health: A Multilevel Investigation.” Journal of Youth & Adolescence 35 (1):109–20. doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-9009-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, Paul J., Ashley K. Randall, and Analisa Arroyo. 2013. “Father-Daughter Communication about Sex Moderates the Association between Exposure to MTV’s 16 and Pregnant/Teen Mom and Female Students’ Pregnancy-Risk Behavior.” Sexuality & Culture 17 (1):50–66. doi: 10.1007/s12119-012-9137-2
   Google Scholar