Leaders and Leadership in Criminal Activities: A Scoping Review

References

• Aebi, M. F. 2006. Comment mesurer la délinquance? [How to Measure the Delinquency ?] Paris: Armand Colin.
   Google Scholar
• Agnew, R. 2011. Toward a Unified Criminology: Integrating Assumptions About Crime, People and Society. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alblooshi, Mohamed, Mohammad Shamsuzzaman, and Salah Haridy. 2021. “The Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Organisational Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review and Narrative Synthesis.” European Journal of Innovation Management 24(2):338–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alessandro, Liberati, Douglas G Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Cynthia Mulrow, Peter C Gøtzsche, John PA Ioannidis, Mike Clarke, Philip J Devereaux, Jos Kleijnen, and David Moher. 2009. “The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration.” Annals of Internal Medicine 151(4):W-65–W–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allum, F. and I. Marchi. 2018. “Analyzing the Role of Women in Italian Mafias: The Case of the Neapolitan Camorra.” Qualitative Sociology 41(3):361–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnulf, J. K. and P. Gottschalk. 2013. “Heroic Leaders As White-Collar Criminals: An Empirical Study.” Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling 10(1):96–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avolio, Bruce J, David A Waldman, and Francis J Yammarino. 1991. “Leading in the 1990s: The Four I′ S of Transformational Leadership.” Journal of European Industrial Training 15 (4):9–16.
   Google Scholar
• Babiak, P. 1996. “Psychopathic Manipulation in Organizations: Pawns, Patrons, and Patsies.” Pp. 12–17 in Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology: No. 24, International Perspective on Psychopathy, edited by C. B. Gacono. Mahwah, NJ: British Psychological Society.
   Google Scholar
• Babiak, P. and R. D. Hare. 2007. Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work. Los Angeles, CA: Regan Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bass, B. M. 1985. Performance Beyond Expectations. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bass, B. M. 1990. Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, Thomas M. 2009. “A Study of the Management Leadership Style Preferred by it Subordinates.” Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict 13(2):1.
   Google Scholar
• Benson, Michael L and Petter Gottschalk. 2015. “Gender and White-Collar Crime in Norway: An Empirical Study of Media Reports.” International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 43(4):535–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, Michael L and Sally S Simpson. 2014. Understanding White-Collar Crime: An Opportunity Perspective. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bertram, E., M. Blachman, K. Sharpe, and P. Andreas. 1996. Drug War Politics: The Price of Denial. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bolden, Richard, Jonathan Gosling, Antonio Marturano, and Paul Dennison. 2003. A Review of Leadership Theory and Competency Frameworks. Cary, NC: Centre for Leadership Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Bouchard, Martin. 2020. “Collaboration and Boundaries in Organized Crime: A Network Perspective.” Crime and Justice 49(1):425–69.
   Google Scholar
• Bovenkerk, F. 2000. “Wanted: Mafia Boss - Essay on the Personology of Organized Crime.” Crime, Law, & Social Change 33(3):225–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, Virginia and Victoria Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2):77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, Virginia and Victoria Clarke. 2012. Thematic Analysis. Whashington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Broadhurst, R., P. Grabosky, M. Alazab, and S. Chon. 2014. “Organizations and Cyber Crime: An Analysis of the Nature of Groups Engaged in Cyber Crime.” International Journal of Cyber Criminology 8(1):1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Bucy, Pamela H, Elizabeth P Formby, Marc S Raspanti, and Kathryn E Rooney. 2008. “Why Do They Do It: The Motives, Mores, and Character of White Collar Criminals.” John’s L Rev 82:401.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, P. J. 2023. “Reducing Organized Criminal Violence Through Leadership Removals: Evidence from the Drug Wars on Chicago’s Westside, 2010-2019.” Journal of Crime & Justice 46(1):102–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, J. M. 1978. Leadership. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Calderoni, Francesco. 2012. “The Structure of Drug Trafficking Mafias: The ‘Ndrangheta and Cocaine.” Crime, Law, & Social Change 58:321–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderoni, Francesco. 2015. “Predicting Organized Crime Leaders.” Discrupting Criminal Network: Network Analysis in Crime Prevention, edited by G. Bichler and A. Malm, 89–110. Boulder, CO.
   Google Scholar
• Calderoni, F., D. Brunetto, and C. Piccardi. 2017. “Communities in Criminal Networks: A Case Study.” Social Networks 48:116–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderoni, F. and E. Superchi. 2019. “The Nature of Organized Crime Leadership: Criminal Leaders in Meeting and Wiretap Networks.” Crime, Law, & Social Change 72(4):419–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderón, G., G. Robles, A. Díaz-Cayeros, and B. Magaloni. 2015. “The Beheading of Criminal Organizations and the Dynamics of Violence in Mexico.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 59(8):1455–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderón, L., O. Rodríguez Ferreira, and D. Shirk. 2018. Drug Violence in Mexico: Data and Analysis Through 2017. San Diego, CA: Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of San Dego.
   Google Scholar
• Carley, Kathleen M, Ju-Sung Lee, and David Krackhardt. 2002. “Destabilizing Networks.” Connections 24(3):79–92.
   Google Scholar
• Caulkins, Jonathan P, Honora Burnett, and Edward Leslie. 2009. “How Illegal Drugs Enter an Island Country: Insights from Interviews with Incarcerated Smugglers.” Global Crime 10(1–2):66–93.
   Google Scholar
• Cloward, R. A. and L. E. Ohlin. 1960. Delinquency and Opportunity. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Conger, J. A. and R. N. Kanungo. 1998. Charismatic Leadership in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Conger, Jay A and Rabindra N Kanungo. 1987. “Toward a Behavioral Theory of Charismatic Leadership in Organizational Settings.” Academy of Management Review 12(4):637–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conger, Jay A and Rabindra N Kanungo. 1994. “Charismatic Leadership in Organizations: Perceived Behavioral Attributes and Their Measurement.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 15(5):439–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, M. 2008. “Theories of terrorism: Instrumental and organizational approaches.” Journal of Strategic Studies 10 (4):13–31.
   Google Scholar
• Daft, R. L. 2018. The Leadership Experience. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Day, Christopher and Pamela Sammons. 2013. Successful Leadership: A Review of the International Literature. Reading, UK: ERIC.
   Google Scholar
• Dickenson, Matthew. 2014. “The Impact of Leadership Removal on Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 30:651–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diefenbach, Thomas. 2013. Hierarchy and Organisation: Toward a General Theory of Hierarchical Social Systems. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dinibutun, Sait Revda. 2020. “Leadership: A Comprehensive Review of Literature, Research and Theoretical Framework.” Journal of Economics and Business 3 (1):44–64.
   Google Scholar
• Dipboye, Robert L, Carlla S Smith, and William C Howell. 1994. Understanding Industrial and Organizational Psychology: An Integrated Approach. San Diego, CA: Harcourt brace college publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Dishman, C. 2005. “The Leaderless Nexus: When Crime and Terror Converge.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 28(3):237–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorn, Nicholas, Lutz Oette, and Simone White. 1998. “Drugs Importation and the Bifurcation of Risk: Capitalization, Cut Outs and Organized Crime.” The British Journal of Criminology 38(4):537–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drejer, Anders, Karina S Christensen, and John P Ulhoi. 2004. “Understanding Intrapreneurship by Means of State-Of-The-Art Knowledge Management and Organisational Learning Theory.” International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development 1(2):102–19.
   Google Scholar
• Eldar, S. 2012. “Holding Organized Crime Leaders Accountable for the Crimes of Their Subordinates.” Criminal Law and Philosophy 6(2):207–25.
   Google Scholar
• Elias, N. and J. L. Scotson. 1994. The Established and the Outsiders: A Sociological Enquiry into Community Problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Faulkner, W. and R. R. Baker. 1993. “The Social Organization of Conspiracy: Illegal Networks in the Heavy Electrical Equipment Industry.” American Sociological Review58 837:860.
   Google Scholar
• Felbab-Brown, V. 2010. Stemming the Violence in Mexico, but Breaking the Cartels. George Mason University, VA: Center for Infrastructure Protection and Homeland Security. The CIP Report.
   Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, S., D. C. Hambrick, and A. A. Cannella. 2009. Strategic Leadership: Theory and Research on Executives, Top Management Teams, and Boards. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gambetta, D. 1996. The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Geis, G. 1966. “Violence and Organized Crime.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 364(1):86–95.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, J. R. 1996. Organizational Behavior a Diagnostic Approach. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Gottschalk, P. 2008a. “Management and Enterprise Development in Criminal Organisations.” International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development 5(4):484–96.
   Google Scholar
• Gottschalk, P. 2008b. “Managing Criminal Organisations.” International Journal of Police Science & Management 10(3):289–301.
   Google Scholar
• Gottschalk, P. 2011. “Executive Positions Involved in White-collar Crime.” Journal of Money Laundering Control 14(4):300–12.
   Google Scholar
• Gottschalk, P. 2020. “Gender and Crime: Convenience for Pink-Collar Offenders.” Deviant Behavior 43 (2) :213–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottschalk, P. and R. Smith. 2011. “Criminal Entrepreneurship, White-Collar Criminality, and Neutralization Theory.” Journal of Enterprising Communities 5(4):300–08.
   Google Scholar
• Guerrero Gutierrez, E. 2011. At the Root of the Violence. Washington, DC: Washington Office for Latin American Affairs.
   Google Scholar
• Guest, Greg, Kathleen M MacQueen, and Emily E Namey. 2011. Applied Thematic Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
   Google Scholar
• Gupka, D. K., J. Horgan, and A. P. Schmid. 2010. “Terrorism and Organized Crime: A Theoretical Perspective.” in Pp. 123–37 in The Faces of Terrorism: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, edited by D Canter. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, Hannah, Simon J Griffin, Isla Kuhn, and Juliet A Usher-Smith. 2020. “Software Tools to Support Title and Abstract Screening for Systematic Reviews in Healthcare: An Evaluation.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 20:1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart-Kerkhoffs, L. A., R. R. J. M. Vermeiren, L. M. C. Jansen, and T. A. H. Doreleijers. 2011. “Juvenile Group Sex Offenders: A Comparison of Group Leaders and Followers.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26(1):3–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartog, Den, N. Deannne, and L Koopman. Paul. 2001. “Leadership in Organizations.” in Pp. 166–87 in Handbook of Industrial, Work & Organizational Psychology, edited by N. Anderson, D.S. Ones, H. Kepir Sinangil, and C. Viswesvaran. London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann, D. C. and O. Gallupe. 2015. “Leadership Protection in Drug-Trafficking Networks.” Global Crime 16(2):123–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igbaekemen, Goddy Osa. 2014. “Impact of Leadership Style on Organisation Performance: A Strategic Literature Review.” Public Policy and Administration Research 4(9):126–35.
   Google Scholar
• Jasko, K. and G. LaFree. 2020. “Who Is More Violent in Extremist Groups? A Comparison of Leaders and Followers.” Aggressive Behavior 46(2):141–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, N. P., W. L. Dittmann, J. Wu, and T. Reese. 2020. “A Mixed Methods Social Network Analysis of a Cross-Border Drug Network: The Fernando Sanchez Organization (FSO.” Trends in Organized Crime 23(2):154–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsen, Jan Terje, Petter Gottschalk, Rune Glomseth, and Ivar Andre Fahsing. 2007. “Managing Police Investigations by Projects.” International Journal of Innovation and Learning 4(4):391–410.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkpatick, Shelley A and Edwin A Locke. 1991. “Leadership: Do Traits Matter?” Academy of Management Perspectives 5(2):48–60.
   Google Scholar
• Kolthoff, E. 2016. “Integrity Violations, White-Collar Crime, and Violations of Human Rights: Revealing the Connection.” Public Integrity 18(4):396–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus, Michael W, Paul K Piff, and Dacher Keltner. 2011. “Social Class As Culture: The Convergence of Resources and Rank in the Social Realm.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 20(4):246–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingnau, Volker, Florian Fuchs, and Till E Dehne-Niemann. 2017. “The Influence of Psychopathic Traits on the Acceptance of White-Collar Crime: Do Corporate Psychopaths Cook the Books and Misuse the News?” Journal of Business Economics 87:1193–227.
   Google Scholar
• Lisy, Karolina and Kylie Porritt. 2016. “Narrative Synthesis: Considerations and Challenges.” JBI Evidence Implementation 14(4):201.
   Google Scholar
• Lord, Robert G, Christy L De Vader, and George M Alliger. 1986. “A Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between Personality Traits and Leadership Perceptions: An Application of Validity Generalization Procedures.” Journal of Applied Psychology 71(3):402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lusthaus, Jonathan. 2018. Industry of Anonymity: Inside the Business of Cybercrime. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald, M., R. Martin Misener, L. Weeks, and M. Helwig. 2016. “Covidence Vs Excel for the Title and Abstract Review Stage of a Systematic Review.” JBI Evidence Implementation 14(4):200–01.
   Google Scholar
• Maras, M. H., J. Arsovska, A. S. Wandt, M. Knieps, and K. Logie. 2022. “The SECI Model and Darknet Markets: Knowledge Creation in Criminal Organizations and Communities of Practice.” European Journal of Criminology 21 (2): 165–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire, M. 2012. Organised Crime in the Digital Age. London, UK: John Grieve Centre for Policing and Security.
   Google Scholar
• McKeown, Sandra and Zuhaib M Mir. 2021. “Considerations for Conducting Systematic Reviews: Evaluating the Performance of Different Methods for de-Duplicating References.” Systematic Reviews 10:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, Laurence. 2006. “The Terrorist Mind: II. Typologies, Psychopathologies, and Practical Guidelines for Investigation.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 50(3):255–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher, David, Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Douglas G Altman, and the PRISMA Group*. 2009. “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement.” Annals of Internal Medicine 151 (4):264–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondani, Hernan and Amir Rostami. 2022. “Uncovering the Degree of Criminal Organization: Swedish Street Gangs and the Role of Mobility and Co-Offending Networks.” Social Science Research 103:102657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morselli, Carlo. 2009. Inside Criminal Networks. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Natarajan, Mangai. 2006. “Understanding the Structure of a Large Heroin Distribution Network: A Quantitative Analysis of Qualitative Data.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 22:171–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, T. and H. T. Luong. 2021. “The Structure of Cybercrime Networks: Transnational Computer Fraud in Vietnam.” Journal of Crime & Justice 44(4):419–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northouse, P. G. 2018. Leadership: Theory and Practice. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, B. J. 2015. “How Does Leadership Decapitation Affect Violence? The Case of Drug Trafficking Organizations in Mexico.” The Journal of Politics 77(2):324–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popay, Jennie, Helen Roberts, Amanda Sowden, Mark Petticrew, Lisa Arai, Mark Rodgers, Nicky Britten, Katrina Roen, and Steven Duffy. 2006. “Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews.” A Product from the ESRC Methods Programme Version 1(1):b92.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, L. E. and L. J. Alison. 2005. “The Primacy of Decision-Action As an Influence Strategy of Violent Gang Leaders.” Small Group Research 36(2):188–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, L. E. and L. J. Alison. 2006. “Leadership and Hierarchies in Criminal Groups: Scaling Degrees of Leader Behaviour in Group Robbery.” Legal and Criminological Psychology 11(2):245–65.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, Louise E and Laurence J Alison. 2001. “A Partially Ordered Scale of Influence in Violent Group Behavior: An Example from Gang Rape.” Small Group Research 32(4):475–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Requena, L., M. de Juan, A. Giménez-Salinas, and L. de la Corte. 2014. “A Psychosocial Study on Crime and Gender: Position, Role and Status of Women in a Sample of Spanish Criminal Organizations.” International Journal of Social Psychology 29(1):121–49.
   Google Scholar
• Reuter, Peter. 2009. “Systemic Violence in Drug Markets.” Crime, Law, & Social Change 52:275–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins, S. P. and M. Coulter. 2005. Management. Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Rutter, D., J. Francis, E. Coren, and M. Fisher. 2013. SCIE Systematic Research Reviews: Guidelines. London: SCIE.
   Google Scholar
• Savona, E. U. and G. Natoli. 2007. “Women and Other Mafia-Type Criminal Organizations.” in Pp. 103–06 in Women and the Mafia: Female Roles in Organized Crime Structures, edited by G. Fiandaca. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Siegel, Dina. 2014. “Women in Transnational Organized Crime.” Trends in Organized Crime 17:52–65.
   Google Scholar
• Siegel, Dina and Sylvia De Blank. 2010. “Women Who Traffic Women: The Role of Women in Human Trafficking Networks–Dutch Cases.” Global Crime 11(4):436–47.
   Google Scholar
• Singer, M. T. 1995. “Defining Cults.” in Pp. 3–29 in Cults in Our Midst - the Hidden Menace in Our Everyday Lives, edited by M. T Singer. Hoboken, NJ: Jossez Bass Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Spapens, T. and H. Moors. 2020. “Intergenerational Transmission and Organised Crime. A Study of Seven Families in the South of the Netherlands.” Trends in Organized Crime 23(3):227–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strentz, Thomas. 1988. “A Terrorist Psychosocial Profile: Past and Present.” FBI L Enforcement Bull 57:13.
   Google Scholar
• Tannenbaum, Robert, Irving R Weschler, and Fred Massarik. 2013. “How to Choose a Leadership Pattern.” Pp. 67–79 in Leadership and Organization (RLE: Organizations). Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Top, Mehmet, Mesut Akdere, and Menderes Tarcan. 2015. “Examining Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Organizational Trust in Turkish Hospitals: Public Servants versus Private Sector Employees.” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 26(9):1259–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2002. Results of a Pilot Survey of Forty Selected Organized Criminal Groups in Sixteen Countries. United Nations: Office on Drugs and Crime.
   Google Scholar
• van Leeuwen, L. and D. Weggemans. 2018. “Characteristics of Jihadist Terrorist Leaders: A Quantitative Approach.” Perspectives on Terrorism 12(4):55–67.
   Google Scholar
• Vargas, R. 2014. “Criminal Group Embeddedness and the Adverse Effects of Arresting a gang’s Leader: A Comparative Case Study.” Criminology 52(2):143–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Lampe, K., and A. Blokland. 2020. Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs and Organized Crime. Crime and Justice 49 (1):521–78.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, M. 1947. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weibull, Jörgen W and Edgar Villa. 2005. “Crime, Punishment and Social Norms.” SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance.
   Google Scholar
• Woodhams, Jessica, Claire Cooke, Leigh Harkins, and Teresa da Silva. 2012. “Leadership in Multiple Perpetrator Stranger Rape.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 27(4):728–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarmysh, A. N. 2001. “A Behavioral Model for Ukrainian Organized Crime Groups.” Trends in Organized Crime 6(3–4):143–49.
   Google Scholar
• Young, M. M. 2004. Terrorist Leaders. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zachary, Munn, Micah DJ Peters, Cindy Stern, Catalin Tufanaru, Alexa McArthur, and Edoardo Aromataris. 2018. “Systematic Review or Scoping Review? Guidance for Authors When Choosing Between a Systematic or Scoping Review Approach.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 18:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar