542
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Tick burden and tick species prevalence in small ruminants of different agencies of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 374-380 | Received 23 Jul 2019, Accepted 30 Aug 2019, Published online: 11 Sep 2019

References

  • Ahmad Z, Anwar Z, Adnan M, Imtiaz N, Rashid HU, Gohar F. 2019. Collection and prevalence of ticks in cattle and buffaloes from free-range management systems of Islamabad. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology. 80:12.
  • Anderson K, Ezenwa VO, Jolles AE. 2013. Tick infestation patterns in free ranging African buffalo (Syncercus caffer): effects of host innate immunity and niche segregation among tick species. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. 2:1–9.
  • Asmaa NM, ElBably MA, Shokier KA. 2014. Studies on prevalence, risk indicators and control options for tick infestation in ruminants. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 3:68–73.
  • Atif M, Saqib A, Ikram R, Sarwar MR, Scahill S. 2017. The reasons why Pakistan might be at high risk of Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever epidemic; a scoping review of the literature. Virology Journal. 14:63.
  • Aydin L, Bakirci S. 2007. Geographical distribution of ticks in Turkey. Parasitology Research. 101:163–166.
  • Aziz K, Rizvi SD, Naqeeb M, Shakoor T. 2005. Tick-borne relapsing fever. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 55:268–269.
  • de la Fuente J, Estrada-Pena A, Venzal JM, Kocan KM, Sonenshine DE. 2008. Overview: ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. Frontiers in Bioscience. 13:6938–6946.
  • Durrani AZ, Kamal N. 2008. Identification of ticks and detection of blood protozoa in friesian cattle by polmerase chain reacton test and estimation of blood parameters in district Kasur, Pakistan. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 40:441–447.
  • Farooqi SH, Ijaz M, Saleem MH, Rashid MI, Oneeb M, Khan A, Aqib AI, Mahmood S. 2017. Distribution of ixodid tick species and associated risk factors in temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 49.
  • Fivaz BH, De Waal DT. 1993. An evaluation of strategic and short interval tick control in indigenous exotic and crossbred cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 25:19–29.
  • Friedl TW, Edler R. 2005. Stress-dependent trade-off between immunological condition and reproductive performance in the polygynous red bishop (Euplectes orix). Evolutionary Ecology. 19:221–239.
  • Ghosh S, Bansal GC, Gupta SC, Ray D, Khan MQ, Irshad H, Shahiduzzaman MD, Seitzer U, Ahmed JS. 2007. Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitology Research. 101:207–216.
  • Grech-Angelini S, Stachurski F, Lancelot R, Boissier J, Allienne JF, Marco S, Maestrini O, Uilenberg G. 2016. Ticks (Acari: ixodidae) infesting cattle and some other domestic and wild hosts on the French Mediterranean island of Corsica. Parasites & Vectors. 9:582.
  • Haider S, Hassali MA, Iqbal Q, Anwer M, Saleem F. 2016. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Pakistan. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 16:1333.
  • Harwood RF, James MT. 1979. Entomology in human and animal health. 7th Baillière Tindall, 35 Red Lion Square, London WC1R 4SG. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc.
  • Iqbal A, Sajid MS, Khan MN, Khan MK. 2013. Frequency distribution of hard ticks (Acari: ixodidae) infesting bubaline population of district Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Parasitology Research. 112:535–541.
  • Irshad N, Qayyum M, Hussain M, Khan MQ. 2010. Prevalence of tick infestation and theileriosis in sheep and goats. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 30:178–180.
  • Islam MK, Alim MA, Tsuji N, Mondal MMH. 2006. An investigation into the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks affecting domestic animals in Bangladesh. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 38:485–490.
  • Jabbar A, Abbas T, Saddiqi HA, Qamar MF, Gasser RB. 2015. Tick-borne diseases of bovines in Pakistan: major scope for future research and improved control. Parasites & Vectors. 8:283.
  • Jongejan F, Zivkovic D, Pegram RG, Tatchell RJ, Fison T, Latif AA, Paine G. 1987. Ticks (Acari: ixodidae) of the blue and white nile ecosystems in the Sudan with particular reference to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group. Experimental & Applied Acarology. 3:331–346.
  • Kabir MHB, Mondal MMH, Eliyas M, Mannan MA, Hashem MA, Debnath NC, Miazi OF, Mohiuddin C, Kashem MA, Islam MR, et al. 2011. An epidemiological survey on investigation of tick infestation in cattle at Chittagong District, Bangladesh. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 5:346–352.
  • Karim S, Budachetri K, Mukherjee N, Williams J, Kausar A, Hassan MJ, Adamson S, Dowd SE, Apanskevich D, Arijo A, et al. 2017. A study of ticks and tick-borne livestock pathogens in Pakistan. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 11:P:e0005681.
  • Kay BH, Kemp DH. 1994. Vaccines against arthropods. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 50:87–96.
  • Khan A, Nasreen MIIIRD, Niaz S, Ayaz S, Khattak I, Naeem H, de Leon AAA, Zaman MA. 2019. Seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. among sheep and goats in Charsadda District, Pakistan. Small Ruminant Research. 176:5–10.
  • Khan MN, Hayar CS, Iqbal Z, Hayat B. 1993. Prevalence of ticks on livestock in Faisalabad (Pakistan). Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 13:182.
  • Khatoon L, Jan M, Khan I, Ullah F, Malik S. 2013. Genetic diversity in human malarial parasites of Khyber Agency Pakistan. Acta Parasitologica. 58:564–569.
  • Lima WS, Ribeiro MF, Guimaraes MP. 2000. Seasonal variation of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887)(Acari: ixodidae) in cattle in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 32:375–380.
  • Lorusso V, Picozzi K, de Bronsvoort BM, Majekodunmi A, Dongkum C, Balak G, Igweh A, Welburn SC. 2013. Ixodid ticks of traditionally managed cattle in central Nigeria: where Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus does not dare (yet?). Parasites & Vectors. 6:171.
  • Marufu MC, Qokweni L, Chimonyo M, Dzama K. 2011. Relationships between tick counts and coat characteristics in Nguni and Bonsmara cattle reared on semiarid rangelands in South Africa. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. 2:172–177.
  • Mooring MS, Benjamin JE, Harte CR, Herzog NB. 2000. Testing the interspecific body size principle in ungulates: the smaller they come, the harder they groom. Animal Behavior. 60:35–45.
  • Muhammad G, Naureen A, Firyal S, Saqib M. 2008. Tick control strategies in dairy production medicine. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 28:43.
  • Okello-Onen J, Tukahirwa EM, Perry BD, Rowlands GJ, Nagda SM, Musisi G, Bode E, Heinonen R, Mwayi W, Opuda-Asibo J. 1999. Population dynamics of ticks on indigenous cattle in a pastoral dry to semi-arid rangeland zone of Uganda. Experimental & Applied Acarology. 23:79–88.
  • Pakistan economic survey. 2017-18. Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan. http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1718.html
  • Parola P, Raoult D. 2001. Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 32:897–928.
  • Rehman A, Nijhof AM, Sauter-Louis C, Schauer B, Staubach C, Conraths FJ. 2017. Distribution of ticks infesting ruminants and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence in livestock farms in the semi-arid and arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. Parasites & Vectors. 10:190.
  • Sajid MS, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Muhammad G. 2008. Point prevalence of hard ticks (Ixodids) infesting domestic ruminants of lower Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture Biology. 10:349–351.
  • Sajid MS, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Muhammad G, Khan MK. 2009. Prevalence and associated risk factors for bovine tick infestation in two districts of lower Punjab, Pakistan. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 92:386–391.
  • Sajid MS, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Muhammad G, Needham G, Khan MK. 2011. Prevalence, associated determinants, and in vivo chemotherapeutic control of hard ticks (Acari: ixodidae) infesting domestic goats (Capra hircus) of lower Punjab, Pakistan. Parasitology Research. 108:601–609.
  • Samish M, Ginsberg H, Glazer I. 2004. Biological control of ticks. Parasitology. 129:S389–S403.
  • Sheikh AS, Sheikh AA, Sheikh NS, Asif M, Afridi F, Malik MT. 2005. Bi-annual surge of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF): a five-year experience. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 9:37–42.
  • Sutherst RW, Maywald GF, Kerr JD, Stegeman DA. 1983. The effect of cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) on the growth of Bos indicus× B. taurus steers. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 34:317–327.
  • Swai ES, French NP, Karimuribo ED, Fitzpatrick JL, Bryant MJ, Brown PE, Ogden NH. 2005. Spatial and management factors associated with exposure of smallholder dairy cattle in Tanzania to tick-borne pathogens. International Journal for Parasitology. 35:1085–1096.
  • Taylor M, Coop R, Wall R. 2007. Parasites of cattle. Veterinary Parasitology. 3:51–151.
  • Tessema T, Gashaw A. 2010. Prevalence of ticks on local and crossbred cattle in and around Asella town, southeast Ethiopia. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal. 14:79–89.
  • Tiki B, Addis M. 2011. Distribution of ixodid ticks on cattle in and around holeta town, Ethiopia. Global Veterinaria. 7:527–531.
  • Tizard IR. 2009. Introducción a la inmunología veterinaria. London: Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Urquhart GM, Armur J, Duncan JL, Jennings FW. 1996. Veterinary Parasitology. UK: Blackwell Science Ltd.
  • Utech KBW, Wharton RH, Kerr JD. 1978. Resistance to Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) in different breeds of cattle. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 29:885–895.
  • Vor T, Kiffner C, Hagedorn P, Niedrig M, Rühe F. 2010. Tick burden on European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Experimental and Applied Acarology. 51:405–417.
  • Walker AR, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Estrada-Peña A, Horak IG, Latif AA. 2003. Ticks of domestic animals in Africa. A guide to identification of species. Edinburgh: Bioscience Reports. p. 221.
  • Wikel SK, Bergman D. 1997. Tick-host immunology: significant advances and challenging opportunities. Parasitology Today. 13:383–389.
  • Yakhchali M, Haji HS. 2004. Study on some ecological aspects and prevalence of different species of hard ticks (Acarina: ixodidae) on cattle, buffalo, and sheep in Oshnavieh suburb. p. 30–35.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.