Chlamydia psittaci infections in birds: A review on the pathogenesis and histopathological features

References

• Andersen , AA and Tappe , JP . 1989 . Genetic, immunologic and pathologic characterization of avian chlamydial strains . Am Vet Med Assoc , 195 : 1512 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando , S , Suwa , T , Takashima , I and Hashimoto , N . 1991 . Kinetic studies on the appearance of antigens of Chlamydia psittaci during its developmental cycle . J Vet Med Sci , 53 : 691 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous . 1972 . Psittacosis . Br Med J , 1 : 1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bankowski , RA , Mikami , T and Kinjo , T . 1967 . Susceptability of young leghorn chickens to an ornithosis agent isolated from turkeys . J Infect Dis , 117 : 162 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bankowski , RA , Gerlach , H and Mikami , T . 1968 . Histologic changes and inclusion bodies in chickens inoculated with an ornithosis agent . Avian Dis , 12 : 217 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beasley , JN , Davis , DE and Watkins , JR . 1959 . Preliminary studies on the histopathology of experimental ornithosis in turkeys . Am J Vet Res , 20 : 341 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne , GI . 1988 . “ Host cell relationships ” . In Microbiology of Chlamydia , Edited by: Barron , AL . 135 – 50 . Florida : CRC Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Cullen , GA . 1976 . Psittacosis/Ornithosis . Veterinary Annual , 16 : 240
   Google Scholar
• Dorrestein , GM and Buuren , CE van . 1990 . Psittacosis Control Plan . Proceedings Association of Avian Veterinarians , : 279 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Fudge , AM . 1984 . Update on chlamydiosis . Vet Clin North Am , 14 : 201 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Fukushi , H , Nojiri , K and Hirai , K . 1987 . Monoclonal antibody typing of Chlamydia psittaci strains derived from avian and mammalian species . J Clin Microbiol , 25 : 1978 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gale , C . 1960 . The gross and microscopic pathology of an ornithosis virus of low virulence for turkeys . Am J Vet Res , 21 : 491 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerlach , H . 1986 . “ Chlamydia ” . In Harrison and Harrison, Clinical avian medicine and surgery , 457 – 63 . Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Company .
   Google Scholar
• Grimes , JE . 1987 . Zoonoses acquired from pet birds . Vet Clin North America , 17 : 209 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Grimes , JE and Wyrick , PB . 1991 . “ Chlamydiosis (ornithosis) ” . In Diseases of poultry, , 9th ed. , Edited by: Calnek , BW . 311 – 25 . Ames, Iowa : Wolfe Publishing Ltd., Iowa State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gylstorff , I and Grimm , F . 1987 . “ Chlamydia psittaci ” . In Vogelkrankheiten , Edited by: Gylstorff , I and Grimm , F . 317 – 22 . Stuttgart : Verlag Eugen Ulmer .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , JW . 1983 . Zoonotic human chlamydiosis of avian origin ‐ a review with particular reference to epidemiology and control . World Poultry Sci , 39 : 5 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto , A , Hirai , K and Tamura , H . 1985 . Histopathological studies on chlamydiosis in psittacine birds . Res Bull Fac Agr Gifu Univ , 50 : 279 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacoby , JR and Gerbermann , H . 1982 . Experimentelle Chlamydia‐infektion bei Amazonen . Der Praktische Tierarzt , 5 : 453 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Macfarlane , JT and Macrae , AD . 1983 . Psittacosis . Br Med Bull , 39 : 163 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , KF . 1942 . The ecology of psittacosis and ornithosis . Medicine , 21 : 175 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , KF . 1965 . “ Ornithosis ” . In Diseases of Poultry, , 5th ed. , Edited by: Biester , HE and Schwarte , LH . 675 – 770 . Ames, , Iowa : Iowa State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mohan , R . 1984 . Epidemiologic and laboratory observations of Chlamydia psittaci infection in pet birds . Am Vet Med Ass , 184 : 1372 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monnickendam , MA and Pearce , JH . 1983 . Immune responses and chlamydial infections . Br Med Bull , 39 : 187 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , C . 1977 . “ Nonbacterial pneumonia ” . In Infectious diseases, , 2th ed. , Edited by: Hoeprich , PD . 289 – 91 . Harper and Row Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Oehme , A , Musholt , PB and Dreesbach , K . 1991 . Chlamydiae as pathogens ‐ an overview of diagnostic techniques, clinical features and therapy of human infections . Klin Wochenschr , 69 : 463 – 73 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Page , LA . 1959 . Experimental ornithosis in turkeys . Avian Dis , 3 : 51 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Riddel , C . 1987 . “ Chlamydiosis ” . In Avian Histopathology , Edited by: Riddel , C . 42 Kansas : Allen Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , JP and Grimes , JE . 1978 . Chlamydia shedding by four species of wild birds . Avian Dis , 22 : 698 – 706 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaffner , W . 1979 . “ Psittacosis ” . In Principles and practice of infectious diseases , Edited by: Mandell , Douglas and Bennett . Volume 2 , New York : Wiley Medical Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Shewen , PE . 1980 . Chlamydial infections in animals: a review . Can Vet J , 21 : 2 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storz , J and Krauss , H . 1985 . “ Chlamydia ” . In Handbuch der Bakteriellen Infektionen bei Tieren, V.E.B , Edited by: Blobel , H and Schliesser , T . 447 – 531 . Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Storz , J . 1990 . Chlamydia psittaci: Diversity and emerging immunological classification . Chlamydial infections, Proc 7th Int Symp Hum Chlam Inf, Cambridge University Press . 1990 . Edited by: Bowie , WR . pp. 363 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Suwa , T , Touchi , A , Hirai , K and Itakura , C . 1990 . Pathological studies on chlamydiosis in parakeets (Psittacula krameri manillensis) . Avian Path , 19 : 355 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi , T , Takashima , I and Hashimoto , N . 1988 . A chicken model of systemic infection with Chlamydia psittaci: comparison of the virulence among avian and mammalian strains . Jpn J Vet Sci , 50 : 622 – 31 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takahashi , T , Takashima , I and Hashimoto , N . 1988 . Shedding and transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in experimentally infected chickens . Avian Dis , 32 : 650 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , ME . 1988 . “ The chlamydial developmental cycle ” . In Microbiology of Chlamydia , Edited by: Barron , AL . 71 – 95 . Florida : CRC Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Section Laboratory and Exotic Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
   Google Scholar