Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control – a comprehensive review

References

• Abay S, Kayman T, Hizlisoy H, Aydin F. 2012. In vitro antibacterial susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from different sources. J Vet Med Sci. 74:613–616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelbaqi K, Buissonniere A, Prouzet-Mauleon V, Gresser J, Wesley I, Megraud F, Menard A. 2007a. Development of a realtime fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR to detect Arcobacter species. J Clin Microbiol. 45:3015–3021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelbaqi K, Me´nard A, Prouzet-Mauleon V, Bringaud F, Lehours P, Mégraud F. 2007b. Nucleotide sequence of the gyrA gene of Arcobacter species and characterization of human ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 49:337–345.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Açik MN, Yüksel H, Ulucan A, Çetinkaya B. 2016. The first experimental research on the pathogenicity of Arcobacter butzleri in zebrafish. Vet Microbiol. 189:32–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adam Z, Whiteduck-Leveillee K, Cloutier M, Chen W, Lewis CT, Lévesque CA, Topp E, Lapen DR, Tambong JT, Talbot G, Khan IU. 2014a. Draft genome sequence of Arcobacter cibarius Strain LMG21996T, isolated from Broiler Carcasses. Genome Announc. 2:e00034–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adam Z, Whiteduck-Leveillee K, Cloutier M, Tambong JT, Chen W, Lewis CT, Lévesque CA, Topp E, Lapen DR, Talbot G, Khan IU. 2014b. Draft genome sequences of three Arcobacter strains of pig and dairy cattle manure origin. Genome Announc. 2:e00377–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adam Z, Whiteduck-Léveillée K, Cloutier M, Chen W, Lewis CT, Lévesque CA, Topp E, Lapen DR, Tambong JT, Talbot G, Khan IU. 2014c. Draft genome sequences of two Arcobacter strains isolated from human feces. Genome Announc. 2:e00113–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adesiji YO, Seibu E, Emikpe BO, Moriyonu BT, Oloke JK, Coker AO. 2012. Serum biochemistry and heamatological changes associated with graded doses of experimental Arcobacter infection in rats. West Afr J Med. 31:186–191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adesiji YO. 2010. Faecal shedding of Arcobacter species following experimental infection in rats: public health implications. Cent Eur J Med. 5:470–474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alagawany M, Farag MR, Dhama K, El-Hack MEA, Tiwari R, Alam GM. 2015. Mechanisms and beneficial applications of resveratrol as feed additive in animal and poultry nutrition: a review. Int J Pharmacol. 11:213–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alispahic M, Hummel K, Jandreski-Cvetkovic D, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Hess M, Hess C. 2010. Species-specific identification and differentiation of Arcobacter, Helicobacter and Campylobacter by full-spectral matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. J Med Microbiol. 59:295–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso R, Girbau C, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I, Fernández-Astorga A. 2014. Multilocus sequence typing reveals genetic diversity of foodborne Arcobacter butzleri isolates in the North of Spain. Int J Food Microbiol. 191:125–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amare LB, Sahela AA, Zunita Z, Jalila A, Hassan L. 2011. Prevalence of Arcobacter spp. on chicken meat at retail markets and in farm chickens in Selengor, Malaysia. Food Control. 22:732–736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson KF, Kiehlbauch JA, Anderson DC. 1993. Arcobacter (Campylobacter) butzleri-associated diarrheal illness in a nonhuman primate population. Infect Immun. 61:2220–2223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansari MI, Harb M, Jones B, Hong PY. 2015. Molecular-based approaches to characterize coastal microbial community and their potential relation to the trophic state of Red Sea. Sci Rep. 5:1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antolin A, González I, Garcia T, Hernandez PE, Martin R. 2001. Arcobacter spp. enumeration in poultry meat using a combined PCR-ELISA assay. Meat Sci. 59:169–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arguello E, Otto CC, Mead P, Babady NE. 2015. Bacteremia caused by Arcobacter butzleri in an immunocompromised host. J Clin Microbiol. 53:1448–1451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias ML, Cid A, Fernandéz H. 2011. Arcobacter butzleri: first isolation report from chicken carcasses in Costa Rica. Braz J Microbiol. 42:703–706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assanta MA, Roy D, Lemay MJ, Montpetit D. 2002. Attachment of Arcobacter butzleri, a new waterborne pathogen, to water distribution pipe surfaces. J Food Prot. 65:1240–1247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atabay HI, Aydin F, Houf K, Sahin M, Vandamme P. 2002. The prevalance of Arcobacter spp. on chicken carcasses sold in retail markets in Turkey, and identification of the isolates using SDS-PAGE. Int J Food Microbiol. 81:21–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atabay HI, Aydin F, Houf K, Sahin M, Vandamme P. 2003. The prevalence of Arcobacter spp. on chicken carcass sold in retail markets in Turkey and identification of the isolates using SDS-PAGE. Int J Food Microbiol. 25:21–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atabay HI, Aydin F. 2001. Susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri isolates to 23 antimicrobial agents. Lett Appl Microbiol. 33:430–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atabay HI, Corry JEL, On SLW. 1998. Diversity and prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in broiler chickens. J Appl Microbiol. 84:1007–1016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atabay HI, Corry JEL, Prost DE. 1996. Comparison of the productivity of a variety of selective media for Campylobacter and Arcobacter species In: Newell DJ, Ketley JM, Felman RA, editors. Campylobacters, Helicobacters and related organisms New York (NY): Plenum Press; p. 19–23.
   Google Scholar
• Atabay HI, Corry JEL. 1997. The prevalence of Campylobacters and Arcobacters in broiler chickens. J Appl Microbiol. 83:619–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atabay HI, Corry JEL. 1998. Evaluation of a new Arcobacter enrichment medium and comparison with new media developed for enrichment for Campylobacter spp. Int J Food Microbiol. 41:53–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atabay HI, Unver A, Sahin M, Otlu S, Elmali M, Yaman H. 2008. Isolation of various Arcobacter species from domestic geese (Anser anser). Vet Microbiol. 128:400–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atabay HI, Wain M, Madsen M. 2006. Detection and diversity of various Arcobacter species in Danish poultry. Int J Food Microbiol. 9:139–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aydin F, Gumussoy KS, Atabay HI, Ica T, Abay S. 2007. Prevalence and distribution of Arcobacter species in various sources in Turkey and molecular analysis of isolated strains by ERIC-PCR. J Appl Microbiol. 103:27–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badilla-Ramírez Y, Fallas-Padilla KL, Fernández-Jaramillo H, Arias-Echandi ML. 2016. Survival capacity of Arcobacter butzleri inoculated in poultry meat at two different refrigeration temperatures. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 58:22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagalakote PS, Rathore RS, Ramees TP, Mohan HV, Sumankumar M, Agarwal RK, Kumar A, Dhama K. 2014. Molecular characterization of Arcobacter isolates using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA- polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Asian J Anim Vet Adv. 9:543–555.
   Google Scholar
• Bastyns K, Cartuyvels D, Chapelle S, Vandamme P, Goossens H, De Wachter R. 1995. A variable 23S rDNA region is a useful discriminating target for genus-specific and species-specific PCR amplification in Arcobacter species. System Appl Microbiol. 18:353–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bath GF, Leask R, Pettey KP, Coetzee DJ. 2013. Abortions in sheep associated with Arcobacter skirrowii infection. J South Afr Vet Assoc. 84:4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v84i1.952
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogantes EV, Fallas-Padilla KL, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE, Jaramillo HF, Echandi ML.. 2015. Zoonotic species of the genus arcobacter in poultry from different regions of Costa Rica. J Food Prot. 78:808–811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brann OS. 2001. Infectious complications of cirrhosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 3:285–292.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brightwell G, Mowat E, Clemens R, Boerema J, Pulford DJ, On SL. 2007. Development of a multiplex and real time PCR assay for the specific detection of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus. J Microbiol Methods. 68:318–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucker R, Troeger H, Kleer J, Fromm M, Schulzke JD. 2009. Arcobacter butzleri induces barrier dysfunction in intestinal HT-29/B6 cells. J Infect Dis. 200:756–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvo G, Arias ML, Fernández H. 2013. Arcobacter: a foodborne emerging pathogen. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 63:164–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervenka L, Peskova I, Foltynova E, Pejchalova M, Brozkova I, Vytrasova J. 2006. Inhibitory effects of some spice and herb extracts against Arcobacter butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii. Curr Microbiol. 53:435–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervenka L. 2007. Survival and inactivation of Arcobacter spp., a current status and future prospect. Crit Rev Microbiol. 33:101–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavatte N, Baré J, Lambrecht E, Van Damme I, Vaerewijck M, Sabbe K, Houf K. 2014. Co-occurrence of free-living protozoa and foodborne pathogens on dishcloths: implications for food safety. Int J Food Microbiol. 191:89–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinivasagam HN, Corney BG, Wright LL, Diallo IS, Blackall PJ. 2007. Detection of Arcobacter spp. in piggery effluent and effluent-irrigated soils in southeast Queensland. J Appl Microbiol. 103:418–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado L, Cleenwerck I, Van Trappen S, De Vos P, Figueras MJ. 2009b. Arcobacter mytili sp. nov., an indoxyl acetate-hydrolysis-negative bacterium isolated from mussels. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 59:1391–1396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado L, Figueras MJ. 2011. Taxonomy, epidemiology and clinical relevance of the genus Arcobacter. Clin Microbiol Rev. 24:174–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado L, Guarro J, Figueras M. 2009a. Prevalence of Arcobacter in meat and shellfish. J Food Protect. 72:1102–1110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado L, Inza I, Guarro J, Figueras M J. 2008. Presence of Arcobacter spp. in environmental waters correlates with high levels of fecal pollution. Environ Microbiol. 10:1635–1640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado L, Jara R, Vásquez N, Telsaint C. 2014. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Arcobacter isolates recovered from edible bivalve mollusks. Food Control. 46:508–512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado L, Kasimir G, Perez U, Bosch A, Pinto R, Saucedo G, Huguet JM, Figueras MJ. 2010. Occurrence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. along the Llobregat river catchment, at sewage effluents and in a drinking water treatment plant. Water Res. 44:3696–3702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado L, Levican A, Perez J, Figueras MJ. 2011. Arcobacter defluvii sp. nov., isolated from sewage samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 61:2155–2161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins CI, Wesley IV, Murano EA. 1996. Detection of Arcobacter spp. in ground pork by modified plating methods. J Food Protect. 59:448–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corry JE, Atabay HI. 2001. Poultry as a source of Campylobacter and related organisms. J Appl Microbiol. 90:96S–114S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Sa EM, Harrison MA. 2005. Effect of pH, NaCl content, and temperature on growth and survival of Arcobacter spp. J Food Protect. 68:18–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer E, Tilburg JJHC, Woodward DL, Loir H, Johnson WM. 1996. A selective medium for the isolation of Arcobacter from meats. Lett Appl Microbiol. 23:64–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer RF, Ott A, Güren P, van Zanten E, van Belkum A, Kooistra-Smid AM. 2013. Detection of Campylobacter species and Arcobacter butzleri in stool samples by use of real-time multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 51:253–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Oliveira SJ, Wesley I, Harmon KM. 1997. Classification of Arcobacter species isolated from aborted pig fetuses and sows with reproductive problems in Brazil. Vet Microbiol. 57:347–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Smet S, De Zutter L, Houf K. 2011. Small ruminants as carriers of the emerging food-borne pathogen Arcobacter on small and medium farms. Small Rumin Res. 97:124–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Smet S, De Zutter L, Van Hende J, Houf K. 2010. Arcobacter contamination on pre- and post-chilled bovine carcasses and in minced beef at retail. J Appl Microbiol. 108:299–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deb R, Chakraborty S. 2012. Trends in veterinary diagnostics. J Vet Sci Technol. 3:1.
   Google Scholar
• Debruyne L, Gevers D, Vandamme P. 2008. Taxonomy of the family Campylobacteraceae. In: Nachamkin I, Szymanski C, Blaser M, editors. Campylobacter. Vol. 3. Washington (DC): ASM press; p. 3–25.
   Google Scholar
• Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Mahima, Wani MY, Verma AK, Deb R, Tiwari R, Kapoor S. 2013b. Novel and emerging therapies safeguarding health of humans and their companion animals: a review. Pak J Biol Sci. 16:101–111.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhama K, Karthik K, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Kapoor S, Kumar A, Thomas P. 2014a. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP) – a new diagnostic tool lights the world of diagnosis of animal and human pathogens: a review. Pak J Biol Sci. 17:151–166.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhama K, Mahendran M, Tomar S, Chauhan RS. 2008. Beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics in livestock and poultry: the current perspectives. Intas Polivet. 9:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Dhama K, Rajagunalan S, Chakraborty S, Verma AK, Kumar A, Tiwari R, Kapoor S. 2013a. Food-borne pathogens of animal origin-diagnosis, prevention, control and their zoonotic significance: a review. Pak J Biol Sci. 16:1076–1085.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhama K, Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, Saminathan M, Kumar A, Karthik K, Wani MY, Amarpal, Singh SV, Rahal A. 2014b. Evidence based antibacterial potentials of medicinal plants and herbs countering bacterial pathogens especially in the era of emerging drug resistance: an integrated update. Int J Pharmacol. 10:1–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhama K, Wani MY, Tiwari R, Kumar D. 2012. Molecular diagnosis of animal diseases: the current trends and perspectives. Livestock Sphere. 1:6–10.
   Google Scholar
• Di Francesco A, Delogu M, Giacometti F, Stancampiano L, Grilli E, Guarniero I, Serraino A. 2014. First detection of Arcobacter sp. in Eurasian collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto). Vet Ital. 50:313–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diéguez AL, Balboa S, Magnesen T, Romalde JL. 2017. Arcobacter lekithochrous sp. nov., a new species isolated from a molluscan hatchery in Norway. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donachie SP, Bowman JP, On SLW, Alam M. 2005. Arcobacter halophilus sp. nov., the first obligate halophile in the genus Arcobacter. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 55:1271–1277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douidah L, De Zutter L, Baré J, Houf K. 2014b. Towards a typing strategy for Arcobacter species isolated from humans and animals and assessment of the in vitro genomic stability. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 11:272–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douidah L, De Zutter L, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Ingmer H, Vandenberg O, Van den Abeele AM, Houf K. 2014a. Presence and analysis of plasmids in human and animal associated Arcobacter species. PloS One. 9:e85487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douidah L, Zutter LD, Vandamme P, Houf K. 2010. Identification of five human and mammal associated Arcobacter species by a novel multiplex-PCR assay. J Microbiol Methods. 80:281–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douidah L, de Zutter L, Baré J, De Vos P, Vandamme P, Vandenberg O, Van den Abeele AM, Houf K. 2012. Occurrence of putative virulence genes in Arcobacter species isolated from humans and animals. J Clin Microbiol. 50:735–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis WA, Neill SD, O’ Brien JJ, Ferguson, HW, Hanna J. 1977. Isolation of Spirillum/Vibrio-like organisms from bovine fetuses. Vet Record. 100:451–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis WA, Neill SD, O’ Brien JJ, Hannna J. 1978. Isolation of Spirullum-like organisms from pig fetuses. Vet Record. 102:106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engberg J, On SLW, Harrington CS, Gerner-Smidt P. 2000. Prevalence of Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter and Sutterella spp. in human fecal samples as estimated by a reevaluation of isolation methods for campylobacters. J Clin Microbiol. 38:286–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertas N, Dogruer Y, Gonulalan Z, Guner A, Ulger I. 2010. Prevalence of Arcobacter species in drinking water, spring water, and raw milk as determined by multiplex PCR. J Food Prot. 73:2099–2102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallas-Padilla KL, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE, Fernández Jaramillo H, Arias Echandi ML. 2014. Arcobacter: comparison of isolation methods, diversity, and potential pathogenic factors in commercially retailed chicken breast meat from Costa Rica. J Food Prot. 77:880–884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fera MT, Gugliandolo C, Lentini V, Favaloro A, Bonanno D, La Camera E, Maugeri TL. 2010. Specific detection of Arcobacter spp. in estuarine waters of Southern Italy by PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Lett Appl Microbiol. 50:65–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fera MT, La Camera E, Carbone H, Malara D, Pennisi MG. 2009. Pet cats as carriers of Arcobacter spp. in Southern Italy. J Appl Microbiol. 106:1661–1666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fera MT, Maugeri TL, Giannone M, Gugliandolo C, La Camera E, Blandino G, Carbone M. 2003. In vitro susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus to different antimicrobial agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 21:488–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferna´ndez H, Eller G, Paillacar J, Gajardo T, Riquelme A. 1995. Toxigenic and invasive capacities: possible pathogenic mechanisms in Arcobacter cryaerophilus. Mem Inst Oswaldo. 90:633–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira S, Júlio C, Queiroz JA, Domingues FC, Oleastro M. 2014c. Molecular diagnosis of Arcobacter and Campylobacter in diarrhoeal samples among Portuguese patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 78:220–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira S, Queiroz JA, Oleastro M, Domingues FC. 2014b. Genotypic and phenotypic features of Arcobacter butzleri pathogenicity. Microb Pathog. 76:19–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira S, Queiroz JA, Oleastro M, Domingues FC. 2016. Insights in the pathogenesis and resistance of Arcobacter: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol. 42:364–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira S, Silva F, Queiroz JA, Oleastro, M, Domingues FC. 2014a. Resveratrol against Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus: activity and effect on cellular functions. Int J Food Microbiol. 180:62–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueras MJ, Collado L, Guarro J. 2008. A new 16S rDNA-RFLP method for the discrimination of the accepted species of Arcobacter. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis. 62:11–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueras MJ, Collado L, Levican A, Perez J, Solsona MJ, Yustes C. 2011a. Arcobacter molluscorum sp. nov., a new species isolated from shellfish. Syst Appl Microbiol. 34:105–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueras MJ, Levican A, Collado L, Inza MI, Yustes C. 2011b. Arcobacter ellisii sp. nov., isolated from mussels. Syst Appl Microbiol. 34:414–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueras MJ, Levican A, Collado L. 2012. Updated 16S rRNA-RFLP method for the identification of all currently characterised Arcobacter spp. BMC Microbiol. 12:292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueras MJ, Levican A, Pujol I, Ballester F, Rabada, Quilez MJ, Gomez-Bertomeu F. 2014. A severe case of persistent diarrhoea associated with Arcobacter cryaerophilus but attributed to Campylobacter sp. and a review of the clinical incidence of Arcobacter spp. New Microbes New Infect. 2:31–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fisher JC, Levican A, Figueras MJ, McLellan SL. 2014. Population dynamics and ecology of Arcobacter in sewage. Front Microbiol. 5:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher K, Rowe C, Phillips CA. 2007. The survival of three strains of Arcobacter butzleri in the presence of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components in vitro and on food. Lett Appl Microbiol. 44:495–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan RC, Neal-McKinney JM, Dhillon AS, Miller WG, Konkel ME. 2009. Examination of Campylobacter jejuni putative adhesins leads to the identification of a new protein, designated FlpA, required for chicken colonization. Infect Immun. 77:2399–2407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong TT, Mansfield LS, Wilson DL, Schwab DJ, Molly SL, Rose JB. 2007. Massive microbiological ground water contamination associated with a waterborne outbreak in lake Eri South Bass Island, Ohio. Environ Health Perspect. 115:856–864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacometti F, Lucchi A, Di Francesco A, Delogu M, Grilli E, Guarniero I, Stancampiano L, Manfreda G, Merialdi G, Serraino A. 2015. Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii circulation in a dairy farm and sources of milk contamination. Appl Environ Microbiol. 81:5055–5063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacometti F, Lucchi A, Manfreda G, Florio D, Zanoni RG, Serraino A. 2013. Occurrence and genetic diversity of Arcobacter butzleri in an artisanal dairy plant in Italy. Appl Environ Microbiol. 79:6665–6669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacometti F, Serraino A, Pasquali F, De Cesare A, Bonerba E, Rosmini R. 2014. Behavior of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus in ultrahigh-temperature, pasteurized, and raw cow's milk under different temperature conditions. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 11:15–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert MJ, Kik M, Timmerman AJ, Severs TT, Kusters JG, Duim B, Wagenaar JA. 2014. Occurrence, diversity, and host association of intestinal Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter in Reptiles. PloS One. 9:e101599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill KP.1983. Aerotolerant campylobacter strain isolated from a bovine preputial sheath washing. Vet Rec. 112:459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golla SC, Murano EA, Johnson LG, Tipton NC, Cureington EA, Savell JW. 2002. Determination of the occurrence of Arcobacter butzleri in beef and dairy cattle from Texas by various isolation methods. J Food Prot. 65:1849–1853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González A, Suski J, Ferrus MA. 2010. Rapid and accurate detection of Arcobacter contamination in commercial chicken products and waste water samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 7:327–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González AM, Ferrus MA. 2011. Study of Arcobacter spp. contamination in fresh lettuces detected by different cultural and molecular methods. Int J Food Microbiol. 145:311–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González I, Garcia T, Antonlin A, Hernandez PE, Martin R. 2000. Development of a combined PCR-culture technique for the rapid detection of Arcobacter spp. in chicken meat. Lett Appl Microbiol. 30:207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González A, Botella S, Montes RM, Moreno Y, Ferrus MA. 2007a. Direct detection and identification of Arcobacter species by multiplex PCR in chicken and waste water samples from Spain. J Food Prot. 70:341–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González A, Moreno Y, González R, Herna´ndez J, Ferrus MA. 2006. Development of a simple and rapid method based on polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to differentiate Helicobacter, Campylobacter and Arcobacter species. Curr Microbiol. 53:416–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González A, Ferrús MA, González R, Hernández J. 2007b. Molecular fingerprinting of Campylobacter and Arcobacter isolated from chicken and water. Int Microbiol. 10:85–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González I, Fernández-Tomé S, García T, Martín R. 2014. Genus-specific PCR assay for screening Arcobacter spp. in chicken meat. J Sci Food Agric. 94:1218–1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopi M, Karthik K, Manjunathachar HV, Tamilmahan P, Kesavan M, Dashprakash M, Balaraju BL, Purushothaman MR. 2014. Essential oils as a feed additive in poultry nutrition. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Gölz G, Alter T, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. 2016a. The Immunopathogenic Potential of Arcobacter butzleri – lessons from a meta-analysis of murine infection studies. PLoS One. 11:e0159685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gölz G, Alter T, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. 2016b. Toll-like receptor-4 dependent intestinal gene expression during Arcobacter butzleri infection of gnotobiotic Il-10 deficient mice. Eur J Microbiol Immunol. 6:67–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gölz G, Karadas G, Alutis ME, Fischer A, Kuhl AA, Breithaupt A, Gobel UB, Alter T, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. 2015a. Arcobacter butzleri induce colonic, extra-intestinal and systemic inflammatory responses in gnotobiotic IL-10 deficient mice in a strain-dependent manner. PloS One. 10:e0139402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gölz G, Karadas G, Fischer A, Gobel UB, Alter T, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. 2015b. Toll-like receptor-4 is essential for Arcobacter butzleri-induced colonic and systemic immune responses in gnotobiotic IL-10–/–mice. Eur J Microbiol Immunol. 5:321–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gugliandolo C, Irrera GP, Lentini V, Maugeri TL. 2008. Pathogenic Vibrio, Aeromonas and Arcobacter spp. associated with copepods in the straits of Messina (Italy). Mar Pollut Bull. 56:600–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamill S, Neill SD, Madden RH. 2008. A comparison of media for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from retail packs of beef. J Food Protect. 71:850–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamir AN, Sonn RJ, Franklin S, Wesley IV. 2004. Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter species associated with intussusceptions in a raccoon (Procyon lotor). Vet Record. 155:338–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hänel I, Tomaso H, Neubauer H. 2016. Arcobacter - an underestimated zoonotic pathogen? Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 59:789–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmon KM, Wesley IV. 1996. Identification of Arcobacter isolates by PCR. Lett Appl Microbiol. 23:241–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmon KM, Wesley IV. 1997. Multiplex PCR for the identification of Arcobacter and differentiation of Arcobacter butzleri from other Arcobacters. Vet Microbiol. 58:215–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrab B, Schwarz S, Wenzel S. 1998. Identi¢cation and characterization of Arcobacter isolates from broilers by biochemical tests, antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid analysis. J Vet Med. 45:87–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausdorf L, Fröhling A, Schlüter O, Klocke M. 2011. Analyses of the bacterial community within carrot wash water. Can J Microbiol. 57:447–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausdorf L, Neumann M, Bergmann I, Sobiella K, Mundt K, Fröhling A, Schlüter O, Klocke M. 2013. Occurrence and genetic diversity of Arcobacter spp. in a spinach-processing plant and evaluation of two Arcobacter-specific quantitative PCR assay. Syst Appl Microbiol. 36:235–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimesaat MM, Alter T, Bereswill S, Gölz G. 2016. Intestinal expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators and gelatinases during Arcobacter butzleri infection of gnotobiotic Il-10 deficient mice. Eur J Microbiol Immunol. 6:56–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimesaat MM, Karadas G, Alutis M, Fischer A, Kuhl AA, Breithaupt A, Gobel UB, Alter T, Bereswill S, Gölz G. 2015a. Survey of small intestinal and systemic immune responses following murine Arcobacter butzleri infection. Gut Pathog. 7:28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimesaat MM, Karadas G, Fischer A, Gobel UB, Alter T, Bereswill S, Gölz G. 2015b. Toll-like receptor-4 dependent small intestinal immune responses following murine Arcobacter butzleri infection. Eur J Microbiol Immunol. 5:333–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins R, Messier S, Daignault D, Lorange M. 1999. Arcobacter butzleri isolated from a diarrhoeic non-human primate. Lab Anim. 33:87–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill JE, Paccagnella A, Law K, Melito PL, Woodward DL, Price L, Leung AH, Ng LK, Hemmingsen SM, Goh SH. 2006. Identification of Campylobacter spp. and discrimination from Helicobacter and Arcobacter spp. by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified cpn60 sequences and comparison to cpnDB, a chaperonin reference sequence database. J Med Microbiol. 55:393–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilton CL, Mackey BM, Hargreaves AJ, Forsythe SJ. 2001. The recovery of Arcobacteri NCTC 12481 from various temperature treatments. J Appl Microbiol. 91:929–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho HT, Lipman LJ, Gaastra W. 2006a. Arcobacter, what is known and unknown about a potential food-borne zoonotic agent.Vet Microbiol. 115:1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho HT, Lipman LJ, Gaastra W. 2008a. The introduction of Arcobacter spp. in poultry slaughterhouses. Int J Food Microbiol. 125:223–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho HT, Lipman LJ, Hendriks HG, Tooten PC, Ultee T, Gaastra W. 2007. Interaction of Arcobacter spp. with human and porcine intestinal epithelial cells. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 50:51–58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho HT, Lipman LJ, Wosten MM, van Asten AJ, Gaastra W. 2008b. Arcobacter spp. possess two very short flagellins of which FlaA is essential for motility. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 53:85–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho HT, Lipman LJA, Van der Graaf-van Bloois L, Van Bergen M, Gaastra W. 2006b. Potential routes of acquisition of Arcobacter species by piglets. Vet Microbiol. 114:122–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houf K, De Zutter L, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P. 2002a. Occurrence and distribution of Arcobacter species in poultry processing. J Food Prot. 65:1233–1239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houf K, De Zutter L, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P. 2002b. Assessment of the genetic diversity among arcobacters isolated from poultry products by using two PCR-based typing methods. Appl Environ Microbiol. 68:2172–2178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houf K, Devriese LA, De Zutter L, Verbeke B, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P. 2003. Molecular characterization of Arcobacter isolates collected in a poultry slaughterhouse. J Food Prot. 66:364–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houf K, Devriese LA, De zutter L, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P. 2001. Susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii to antimicrobial agents used in selective media. J Clin Microbiol. 39:1654–1656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houf K, On SL, Coenye T, Debruyne L, De Smet S, Vandamme P. 2009. Arcobacter thereius sp. nov., isolated from pigs and ducks. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 59:2599–2604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houf K, Sarah DS, Julie B, Sylvie D. 2008. Dogs as carriers of the emerging pathogen; Arcobacter. J Vet Microbiol. 130:208–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houf K, Stephan R. 2007. Isolation and characterization of the emerging food-borne pathogen Arcobacter from human stool. J Microbiol Methods. 68:408–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houf K, Tutenel A, De Zutter L, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P. 2000. Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and identification of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 49:337–345.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu TT, Lee J. 2015. Global distribution and prevalence of arcobacter in food and water. Zoonoses Public Health. 62:579–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsueh PR, Teng LJ, Yang, PC, Wang SK, Chang SC, Ho SW, Hsieh WC, Luh KT. 1997. Bacteremia caused by Arcobacter cryaerophilus 1B. J Clin Microbiol. 35:489–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Q, Lyu D, Shi X, Jiang Y, Lin Y, Li Y, Qiu Y, He L, Zhang R, Li Q. 2014. A modified molecular beacons-based multiplex real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of eight foodborne pathogens in a single reaction and its application. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 11:207–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irkin R, Abay S, Aydin F. 2011. Inhibitory effects of some plant essential oils against Arcobacter butzleri and potential for rosemary oil as a natural food preservative. J Med Food. 14:291–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwamoto M, Ayers T, Mahon BE, Swerdlow DL. 2010. Epidemiology of seafood-associated infections in the United States. Clin Microbiol Rev. 23:399–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob J, Loir H, Feuerpfeil I. 1993. Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri from drinking water reservoir in Eastern Germany. Int J Hyg Env Med. 193:557–562.
   Google Scholar
• Jacob J, Woodward D, Feuerpfeil I, Johnson WM. 1998. Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri in raw water and drinking water treatment plants in Germany. Zbl Hyg. 201:189–198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiang ZD, DuPont HL, Brown EL, Nandy RK, Ramamurthy T, Sinha A, Ghosh, S, Guin S, Gurleen K, Rodrigues S, et al. 2010. Microbial etiology of travelers’ diarrhea in Mexico, Guatemala, and India: importance of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Arcobacter species. J Clin Microbiol. 48:1417–1419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson LG, Murano EA. 1999a. Development of a new medium for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. J Food Prot. 62:456–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson LG, Murano EA. 1999b. Comparison of three protocols for the isolation of Arcobacter from poultry. J Food Prot. 62:610–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabeya H, Koboyashi Y, Maruyama S, Mikami T. 2003b. One step polymerase chain reaction-based typing of Arcobacter species. Int J Food Microbiol. 81:163–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabeya H, Maruyama S, Morita Y, Kubo M, Yamamoto K, Arai S, Izumi T, Kobayashi Y, Katsube Y, Mikami T. 2003a. Distribution of Arcobacter species among livestock in Japan. Vet Microbiol. 93:153–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabeya H, Maruyama S, Morita Y, Ohsuga T, Ozawa S, Kobayashi Y, Abe M, Katsube Y Mikami T. 2004. Prevalence of Arcobacter species in retail meats and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates in Japan. Int J Food Microbiol. 90:303–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karadas G, Sharbati S, Hänel I, Messelhäußer U, Glocker E, Alter T, Gölz G. 2013. Presence of virulence genes, adhesion and invasion of Arcobacter butzleri. J Appl Microbiol. 115:583–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kärenlampi RI, Tolvanen TP, Hänninen ML. (2004). Phylogenetic analysis and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism identification of campylobacter species based on partial groEL gene sequences. J Clin Microbiol. 42:5731–5738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karthik K, Muneeswaran NS, Manjunathachar HV, Gopi M, Elamurugan A, Kalaiyarasu S. 2014c. Bacteriophages: effective alternative to antibiotics. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Karthik K, Rathore R, Thomas P, Arun TR, Viswas KN, Agarwal RK, Manjunathachar HV, Dhama K. 2014a. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for specific and rapid detection of Brucella abortus in cattle. Vet Quart. 34:174–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karthik K, Rathore R, Thomas P, Arun TR, Viswas KN, Dhama K, Agarwal RK. 2014b. New closed tube loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for prevention of product cross contamination. MethodsX. 1:e137–e143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan RU, Naz S, Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Abdelrahman MM, Alhidary IA, Zahoor A. 2016. Direct-fed microbial: beneficial applications, modes of action and prospecas safe tool for enhancing ruminant production and safeguarding health. Int J Pharmacol. 12:220–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoshbakht R, Tabatabaei M, Shirzad Aski H, Seifi S. 2014. Occurrence of Arcobacter in Iranian poultry and slaughterhouse samples implicates contamination by processing equipment and procedures. Br Poult Sci. 55:732–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiehlbauch JA, Baker C, Wachsmuth IK. 1992. In vitro susceptibilities of aerotolerant Campylobacter isolates to 22 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 36:717–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiehlbauch JA, Brenner DJ, Nicholson MA, Baker CN, Patton CM, Steigerwalt AG, Wachsmuth IK. 1991. Campylobacter butzleri sp. nov. isolated from humans and animals with diarrheal illness. J Clin Microbiol. 29:376–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HM, Hwang CY, Cho BC. 2010. Arcobacter marinus sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 60:531–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjeldgaard J, Jorgensen K, Ingmer H. 2009. Growth and survival at chiller temperature of Arcobacter butzleri. Int J Food Microbiol. 131:256–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolling G, Wu M, Guerrant RL. 2012. Enteric pathogens through life stages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2:114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopilovic B, Ucakar V, Koren N, Krek M, Kraigher A. 2008. Waterborne outbreak of acute gastroentritis in a coastal area in Slovenia in June and July 2008. Eurosurveillance. 13:1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Laishram M, Rathlavath S, Lekshmi M, Kumar S, Nayak BB. 2016. Isolation and characterization of Arcobacter spp. from fresh seafood and the aquatic environment. Int J Food Microbiol. 232:87–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammerding AM, Harris JE, Lior H, Woodward D, Cole L, Muckle CA. 1996. Isolation method for recovery of Arcobacter butzleri from fresh poultry and poultry products. In Newell DG, Ketley J, Feldman RA, editors. 8th International Workshop on ‘Campylobacters, Helicobacters and Related Organisms’. New York (NY): Plenum Press; p. 329–334.
   Google Scholar
• Lammerding AM, Harris JE, Loir H, Muckel CA, Irwin RJ. 1994. An isolation method for Arcobacter butzleri from poultry. Dairy Food Environ Sanitation. 14:600.
   Google Scholar
• Lappi V, Archer JR, Cebelinski E, Leano F, Besser JM, Klos RF, Medus C, Smith KE, Fitzgerald C, Davis JP. 2013. An outbreak of foodborne illness among attendees of a wedding reception in Wisconsin likely caused by Arcobacter butzleri. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 10:250–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Teng J, Leung KW, Yuen KY. 2002. Identification by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of Arcobacter bacteraemia in a patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis. Mol Pathol. 55:182–185.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee MH, Cheon DS, Choi S, Lee BH, Jung JY, Choi C. 2010. Prevalence of Arcobacter species isolated from retail meats in Korea. J Food Protect. 73:1313–1316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MH, Choi, C. 2013. Survival of Arcobacter butzleri in apple and pear purees. J Food Safety. 33:333–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann D, Alter T, Lehmann L, Uherkova S, Seidler T, Gölz G. 2015. Prevalence, virulence gene distribution and genetic diversity of Arcobacter in food samples in Germany. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 128:163–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehner A, Tasara T, Stephan R. 2005. Relevant aspects of Arcobacter spp. as potential food-borne pathogens. Int J Food Microbiol. 102:127–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner J, Brumberger V, Preac-Mursic V. 1994. Severe diarrhea associated with Arcobacter butzleri. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 13:660–662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levican A, Alkeskas A, Günter C, Forsythe SJ, Figueras MJ. 2013b. Adherence to and invasion of human intestinal cells by Arcobacter species and their virulence genotypes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 79:4951–4957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levican A, Collado L, Aguilar C, Yustes C, Dieguez AL, Romalde JL, Figueras MJ. 2012. Arcobacter bivalviorum sp. nov. and Arcobacter venerupis sp. nov., new species isolated from shellfish. Syst Appl Microbiol. 35:133–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levican A, Collado L, Figueras MJ. 2013a. Arcobacter cloacae sp. nov. and Arcobacter suis sp. nov., two new species isolated from food and sewage. Syst Appl Microbiol. 36:22–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levican A, Collado L, Figueras MJ. 2016. The use of two culturing methods in parallel reveals a high prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in a wastewater treatment plant. Biomed Res Int. 2016:8132058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levican A, Collado L, Yustes C, Aguilar C, Figueras MJ. 2014. Higher water temperature and incubation under aerobic and microaerobic conditions increase the recovery and diversity of Arcobacter spp. from shellfish. Appl Environ Microbiol. 80:385–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levican A, Figueras MJ. 2013. Performance of five molecular methods for monitoring Arcobacter spp. BMC Microbiol. 13:220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levican A, Rubio-Arcos S, Martinez-Murcia A, Collado L, José Figueras M. 2015. Arcobacter ebronensis sp. nov. and Arcobacter aquimarinus sp. nov., two new species isolated from marine environment. Syst Appl Microbiol. 38:30–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan EF, Neill SD, Mackie DP. 1982. Mastitis in dairy cows associated with an aerotolerant Campylobacter. Vet Res. 110:229–230.
   Google Scholar
• Manke TR, Wesley IV, Dickson JS, Harmon KM. 1998. Prevalence and genetic variability of Arcobacter species in mechanically separated turkey. J Food Prot. 61:1623–1628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall SM, Melito PL, Woodward DL, Johnson WM, Rodgers FG, Mulvey MR. 1999. Rapid identification of Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter isolates by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. J Clin Microbiol. 37:4158–4160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maugeri TL, Irrera GP, Lentini V, Carbone M, Fera MT, Gugliandolo C. 2005. Detection and enumeration of Arcobacter spp. in the coastal environment of the straits of Messina (Italy). New Microbiol. 28:177–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClung CR, Patriquin DG, Davis RE. 1983. Campylobacter nitrofigilis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with roots of Spartina alterniflora. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 33:605–612.
   Google Scholar
• McGregor AC, Wright SG. 2015. Gastrointestinal symptoms in travellers. Clin Med. 15:93–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medina G, Flores-Martin S, Fonseca B, Otth C, Fernandez H. 2014. Mechanisms associated with phagocytosis of Arcobacter butzleri by Acanthamoeba castellanii. Parasitol Res. 113:1933–1942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merga JY, Leatherbarrow AJH, Winstanley C, Bennett M, Hart CA, Miller WG, Williams NJ. 2011. Comparison of Arcobacter isolation methods, and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in Cheshire, United Kingdom. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77:1646–1650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merga JY, Royden A, Pandey AK, Williams NJ. 2014. Arcobacter spp. isolated from untreated domestic effluent. Lett Appl Microbiol. 59:122–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merga JY, Williams NJ, William G. Miller WG, Leatherbarrow AJH, Bennett M, Hall N, Ashelford KE, Winstanley C. 2013. Exploring the diversity of Arcobacter butzleri from cattle in the UK using MLST and whole genome sequencing. PLoS One. 8:e55240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesbah M, Premachandran U, Whitman WB. 1989. Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleicacid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 39:159–167.
   Google Scholar
• Miller WG, Parker CT, Rubenfield M, Mendz GL, Wösten MM, Ussery DW, Stolz JF, Binnewies TT, Hallin PF, Wang G, et al. 2007. The complete genome sequence and analysis of the epsilonproteobacterium Arcobacter butzleri. PLoS One. 2:1358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller WG, Wesley IV, On SLW, Houf K, Megraud F, Wang G, Yee E, Srijan A, Mason CJ. 2009. First multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Arcobacter spp. BMC Microbiol. 14:196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller WG, Yee E, Jolley KA, Chapman MH. 2014. Use of improved atpA amplification and sequencing method to identify members of the Campylobacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae. Lett Appl Microbiol. 58:582–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan HV, Rathore RS, Dhama K, Ramees TP, Patyal A, Bagalkot PS, Wani MY, Bhilegaonkar KN, Kumar A. 2014. Prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in humans, animals and foods of animal origin in India based on cultural isolation, antibiogram, PCR and multiplex PCR detection. Asian J Anim Vet Adv. 9:452–466.
   Google Scholar
• Moreno Y, Alonso JL, Botella S, Ferrus MA, Hernandez J. 2004. Survival and injury of Arcobacter after artificial inoculation into drinking water. Res Microbiol. 155:726–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno Y, Botella S, Alonso JL, Ferrus MA, Hernandez M, Hernandez J. 2003. Specific detection of Arcobacter and Campylobacter strains in water and sewage by PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Appl Environ Microbiol. 69:1181–1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mottola A, Bonerba E, Bozzo G, Marchetti P, Celano GV, Colao V, Terio V, Tantillo G, Figueras MJ, Di Pinto A. 2016. Occurrence of emerging food-borne pathogenic Arcobacter spp. isolated from pre-cut (ready-to-eat) vegetables. Int J Food Microbiol. 236:33–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neill SD, Cambell JN, O'brien JJ, Weatherup STC, Ellis WA. 1985. Taxonomic position of Campylobacter cryaerophila sp. Nov. Int J Systemat Bacteriol. 35:342–356.
   Google Scholar
• Neill SD, Ellis WA, O'brien JJ. 1979. Designation of aerotolerant Campylobacter like organisms from porcine and bovine abortions to the genus Campylobacter. Res Vet Sci. 27:180–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neubauer J, Jauk V, Szolgyenyi W. 2003. Phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of Campylobacter spp. isolated from Austrian broiler farms: a comparison. Avian Pathol. 32:33–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neubaure C, Hess M. 2006. Detection and identification of food borne pathogens of the genera Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter by multiplex PCR in poultry and poultry products. J Vet Med. 53:376–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Num SM, Useh NM. 2013. Nanotechnology applications in veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics. Sokoto J Vet Sci. 11:10–14.
   Google Scholar
• Ohlendorf DS, Murano EA. 2002. Prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in raw ground pork from several geographical regions according to various isolation methods. J Food Protect. 65:1700–1705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• On SLW, Jensen TK, Bille-Hansen V, Jorsal SE, Vandamme P. 2002. Prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. isolated from the internal organs of spontaneous porcine abortions in Denmark. Vet Microbiol. 85:159–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• On SLW, Stacey A, Smyth J. 1995. Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri from a neonate with bacteremia. J Infect. 31:225–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ongor H, Cetinkaya B, Açik MN, Atabay HI. 2004. Investigation of Arcobacters in meat and fecal samples of clinically healthy cattle in Turkey. Lett Appl Microbiol. 38:339–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottaviani D, Chierichetti S, Rocchegiani E, Bartolini C, Masini L, Santarelli S, Leoni F. 2013. Bioaccumulation experiments in mussels contaminated with the food-borne pathogen Arcobacter butzleri: preliminary data for risk assessment. Biomed Res Int. 2013:153419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park S, Jung YT, Kim S, Yoon JH. 2016. Arcobacter acticola sp. nov., isolated from seawater on the East Sea in South Korea. J Microbiol. 54:655–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patyal A, Rathore RS, Mohan HV, Dhama K, Kumar A. 2011. Prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in humans, animals and foods of animal origin including sea food from India. Transbound Emerg Dis. 58:402–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pejchalova M, Dostali´kova, E. Slamova M, Brozkova I, Vytrasova J. 2008. Prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in the Czech Republic. J Food Protect. 71:719–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pentimalli D, Pegels N, Garcia T, Martin R, González I. 2009. Specific PCR detection of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Arcobacter skirrowii and Arcobacter cibarius in chicken meat. J Food Protect. 72:1491–1495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen RF, Harrington CS, Kortegaard HE, On SL. 2007 . A PCR-DGGE method for detection and identification of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Arcobacter and related Epsilobacteria and its application to saliva samples from humans and domestic pets. J Appl Microbiol. 103:2601–2615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips CA, Duggan J. 2001. The effect of EDTA and trisodium phosphate, alone and in combination with nisin, on the growth of Arcobacter butzleri in culture. Food Microbiol. 18:547–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips CA, Long C. 2001. The survival of Arcobacter butzleri on chicken. Int J Med Microbiol. 291:93.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips CA. 1999. The effect of citric acid, lactic acid, sodium citrate and sodium lactate, alone and in combination with nisin, on the growth of Arcobacter butzleri. Lett Appl Microbiol. 29:424–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips CA. 2001. Arcobacter spp in food: isolation, identification, and control. Trends Food Sci Technol. 12:263–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prouzet-Mauleon V, Labadi L, Bouges N, Menard A, Megraud F. 2006. Arcobacter butzleri: underestimated enteropathogen. Emerg Infect Dis. 12:307–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinones B, Parker CT, Janda JM, Miller WG, Mandrell RE. 2007. Detection and genotyping of Arcobacter and Campylobacter isolates from retail chicken samples by use of DNA oligonucleotide arrays. Appl Environ Microbiol. 73:3645–3655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimi E. 2014. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter species isolated from poultry meat in Iran. Br Poult Sci. 55:174–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramees TP, Rathore RS, Bagalakote PS, Mohan HV, Kumar A, Dhama K. 2014a. Multiplex PCR detection of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus in skin of poultry. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 8:1755–1758.
   Google Scholar
• Ramees TP, Rathore RS, Bagalkot PS, Mohan HV, Kumar A, Dhama K. 2014b. Detection of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus in clinical samples of humans and foods of animal origin by cultural and multiplex PCR based methods. Asian J Anim Vet Adv. 9:243–252.
   Google Scholar
• Ramees TP, Rathore RS, Bagalkot PS, Ravi Kumar GVPPS, Mohan HV, Anoopraj R, Kumar A, Dhama K. 2014c. Real-time PCR detection of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus in chicken meat samples. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 8:3165–3169.
   Google Scholar
• Ramees TP, Rathore RS, Bagalkot PS, Sailo Blessa, Mohan HV, Kumar A, Dhama K, Singh RK. 2014d. Genotyping and genetic diversity of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus isolated from different sources by using ERIC-PCR from India. Vet Quart. 34:211–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen LH, Jette K, Jens PC, Hanne I. 2013. Multilocus sequence typing and biocide tolerance of Arcobacter butzleri from Danish broiler carcasses. BMC Res Notes. 6:322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Revez J, Huuskonen M, Ruusunen M, Lindström M, Hänninen ML. 2013. Arcobacter species and their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes in Finnish raw milk during summer 2011. J Food Prot. 76:1630–1632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci JCD, Hernandez ME. 2000. Plasmid effects on Escherichia coli metabolism. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 20:79–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice EW, Rodgers MR, Wesley IV, Johnson CH, Tanner SA. 1999. Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri from ground water. Lett Appl Microbiol. 28:31–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivas L, Fegan N, Vanderlinde P. 2004. Isolation and characterisation of Arcobacter butzleri from meat. Int J Food Microbiol. 91:31–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero J, Varela GM, Laclette JP, Espejo RT. 2002. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that bacteria related to Arcobacter spp. constitute an abundant and common component of the oyster microbiota (Tiostrea chilensis). Microb Ecol. 44:365–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz N. 2008. Bioinformatics identification of MurJ (MviN) as the peptidoglycan lipid II flippase in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:15553–15557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas-Massó N, Andree KB, Furones MD, Figueras MJ. 2016. Enhanced recovery of Arcobacter spp. using NaCl in culture media and re-assessment of the traits of Arcobacter marinus and Arcobacter halophilus isolated from marine water and shellfish. Sci Total Environ. 566–567:1355–1361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samarajeewa AD, Hammad A, Masson L, Khan IU, Scroggins R, Beaudette LA. 2015. Comparative assessment of next-generation sequencing, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, clonal restriction fragment length polymorphism and cloning-sequencing as methods for characterizing commercial microbial consortia. J Microbiol Methods. 108:103–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samie A, Obi CL, Barrett LJ, Powell SM, Guerrant RL. 2007. Prevalence of Campylobacter species, Helicobacter pylori and Arcobacter species in stool samples from the Venda region, Limpopo, South Africa: studies using molecular diagnostic methods. J Infect. 54:558–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasi Jyothsna TS, Rahul K, Ramaprasad EV, Sasikala Ch, Ramana ChV. 2013. Arcobacter anaerophilus sp. nov., isolated from an estuarine sediment and emended description of the genus Arcobacter. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 63:4619–4625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scallan E, Griffin PM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Hoekstra RM. 2011. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States – unspecified agents. Emerg Infect Dis. 17:16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarano C, Giacometti F, Manfreda G, Lucchi A, Pes E, Spanu C, De Santis EP, Serraino A. 2014. Arcobacter butzleri in sheep ricotta cheese at retail and related sources of contamination in an industrial dairy plant. Appl Environ Microbiol. 80:7036–7041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt B, Henderson L. 2005. Diagnostic tools for animal diseases. Rev Sci Tech. 24:243–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scullion R, Harrington CS, Madden RH. 2004. A comparison of three methods for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from retail raw poultry in Northern Ireland. J Food Prot. 67:799–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serraino A, Florio D, Giacometti F, Piva S, Mion D, Zanoni RG. 2013b. Presence of Campylobacter and Arcobacter species in in-line milk filters of farms authorized to produce and sell raw milk and of a water buffalo dairy farm in Italy. J Dairy Sci. 96:2801–2807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serraino A, Giacometti F, Daminelli P, Losio MN, Finazzi G, Marchetti G, Zambrini AV, Rosmini R. 2013a. Survival of Arcobacter butzleri during production and storage of artisan water buffalo mozzarella cheese. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 10:820–824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serraino A, Giacometti F. 2014. Short communication: occurrence of Arcobacter species in industrial dairy plants. J Dairy Sci. 97:2061–2065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah AH, Saleha AA, Murugaiyah M, Zunita Z, Memon AA. 2012a. Prevalence and distribution of Arcobacter spp. in raw milk and retail raw beef. J Food Prot. 75:1474–1478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah AH, Saleha AA, Zunita Z, Cheah YK, Murugaiyah M, Korejo NA. 2012b. Genetic characterization of Arcobacter isolates from various sources. Vet Microbiol. 160:355–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah AH, Saleha AA, Zunita Z, Murugaiyah M, Aliyu AB, Jafri N. 2013. Prevalence, distribution and antibiotic resistance of emergent Arcobacter spp. from clinically healthy cattle and goats. Transbound Emerg Dis. 60:9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah AH, Saleha AA, Zunita Z, Murugaiyah M. 2011. Arcobacter– an emerging threat to animals and animal origin food products? Tr Food Sci Technol. 22:225–236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirzad Aski H, Tabatabaei M, Khoshbakht R, Raeisi M. 2016. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of emergent Arcobacter spp. isolated from cattle and sheep in Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 44:37–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silipo A, Sturiale L, Perino V, Garozzo D, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Molinaro A. 2010. The structure of the carbohydrate backbone of the lipooligosaccharide from the halophilic bacterium Arcobacter halophilus. Carbohydr Res. 345:850–853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skrivanová E, Molatová Zuzana, Matenová Michaela, Houf Kurt, Marounek Milan. 2011. Inhibitory effect of organic acids on arcobacters in culture and their use for control of Arcobacter butzleri on chicken skin. Int J Food Microbiol. 144:367–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snelling WJ, Matsuda M, Moore JE, Dooley JS. 2006. Under the microscope: Arcobacter. Lett Appl Microbiol. 42:7–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son I, Englen MD, Berrang ME, Fedorka-Carry PJ, Harrison MA. 2007. Prevalence of Arcobacter and Campylobacter on broiler carcases during processingInt. J Food Microbiol. 113:16–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son I, Englen MD, Berrang ME, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Harrison MA. 2006. Genetic diversity of Arcobacter and Campylobacter on broiler carcasses during processing. J Food Prot. 69:1028–1033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirling J, Griffith M, Blair I, Cormican M, Dooley JS, Goldsmith CE, Glover SG, Loughrey A, Lowery CJ, Matsuda M, et al. 2008. Prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens in a population of zoo animals. Zoonoses Public Health. 55:166–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strugala V, Allen A, Dettmar PW, Pearson JP. 2003. Colonic mucin: methods of measuring mucus thickness. P Nutr Soc. 62:237–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suarez DL, Wesley IV, Larson DJ. 1997. Detection of Arcobacter species in gastric samples from swine. Vet Microbiol. 57:325–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudhakar NR, Manjunathachar HV, Karthik K, Sahu S, Gopi M, Shanthaveer SB, Nagaraja KH, Shinde S, Tamilmahan P, Madhu DN, Maurya PS. 2013. RNA interference in parasites: prospects and pitfalls. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 1:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Suelam II A. 2012. Isolation and identification of Arcobacter species recovered from rabbits in Zagazig, Egypt. Int J of Micr Res. 3:87–92.
   Google Scholar
• Tabatabaei M, Aski HS, Shayegh H, Khoshbakht R. 2014. Occurrence of six virulence-associated genes in Arcobacter species isolated from various sources in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Microb Pathog. 66:1–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talay F, Molva C, Atabay HI. 2016. Isolation and identification of Arcobacter species from environmental and drinking water samples. Folia Microbiol. 61:479–484. doi:10.1007/s12223-016-0460-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tee W, Baird R, Dyall-Smith M, Dwyer B. 1988. Campylobacter cryaerophila isolated from a human. J Clin Microbiol. 26:2469–2473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Rajagunalan S, Singh SV. 2013. Antibiotic resistance – an emerging health problem: causes, worries, challenges and solutions – a review. Int J Curr Res. 5:1880–1892.
   Google Scholar
• Tiwari R, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Kumar A, Rahal A, Kapoor S. 2014. Bacteriophage therapy for safeguarding animal and human health: a review. Pak J Biol Sci. 17:301–315.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tiwari R, Karthik K, Rana R, Malik YS, Dhama K, Joshi SK. 2016. Quorum sensing inhibitors/antagonists countering food spoilage bacteria-need molecular and pharmaceutical intervention for protecting current issues of food safety. Int J Pharmacol. 12:262–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang RS, Luk JM, Woodward DL, Johnson WM. 1996. Immunochemical characterization of a haemagglutinating antigen of Arcobacter spp. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 136:209–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ünver A, Atabay Hİ, Şahin M, Çelebi Ö. 2013. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of various Arcobacter species. Turk J Med Sci. 43:548–552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Driessche E, Houf K, Van Hoof J, De Zutter L, Vandamme P. 2003. Isolation of Arcobacter species from animal feces. FEMS Microbiol. 229:243–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Driessche E, Houf K, Vangroenweghe F, De Zutter L, Van Hoof J. 2005. Prevalence, enumeration and strain variation of Arcobacter species in the faeces of healthy cattle in Belgium. Vet Microbiol. 105:149–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Driessche E, Houf K, Vangroenweghe F, Nollet N, De Zutter L, Vandamme P, Van Hoof J. 2004. Occurrence and strain diversity of Arcobacter species isolated from healthy Belgian pigs. Res Microbiol. 155:662–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Driessche E, Houf K. 2007a. Characterization of the Arcobacter contamination on Belgian pork carcasses and raw retail pork. Int J Food Microbiol. 118:20–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Driessche E, Houf K. 2007b. Discrepancy between the occurrence of Arcobacter in chickens and broiler carcass contamination. Poult Sci. 86:744–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandamme P, De Ley J. 1991. Proposal for a new family Campylobacteraceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 41:451–455.
   Google Scholar
• Vandamme P, Falsen E, Rossau R, Hoste B, Segers P, Tytgat R, De Ley J. 1991. Revision of Campylobacter, H elicobacter and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter genera. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 41:88–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vandamme P, Giesendorf AJ, Van Belkum P, Lauwers S, Kersters K, Butzler P, Goossens H, Quint WG. 1993. Discrimination of epidemic and sporadic isolates of Arcobacter butzleri by polymerase chain reaction-mediated DNA fingerprinting. J Clin Microbiol. 31:3317–3319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandamme P, Pugina P, Benzi G, Van Etterijck R, Vlaes L, Kersters K, Butzler JP, Lior H, Lauwers S. 1992a. Outbreak of recurrent abdominal cramps associated with Arcobacter butzleri in an Italian school. J Clin Microbiol. 30:2335–2337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandamme P, Vanvanneyt M, Pot B, Mels L, Hoste B, Dewettinck D, Vlaes L, Van Den Borre C, Higgins R, Hommez J, et al. 1992b. Polyphasic taxonomic study of the emended genus Arcobacter with Arcobacter butzleri comb. Nov. and Arcobacter skirrowii sp. Nov., and aerotolerant bacterium isolated from veterinary specimens. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 42:344–356.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van den Abeele AM, Vogelaers D, Van Hende J, Houf K. 2014. Prevalence of Arcobacter species among humans, Belgium, 2008–2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 20:1731–1734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Abeele AM, Vogelaers D, Vanlaere E, Houf K. 2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus strains isolated from Belgian patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 71:1241–1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenberg O, Dediste A, Houf K, Ibekwem S, Souayah H, Cadranel S, Douat N, Zissis G, Butzler JP, Vandamme P. 2004. Arcobacter species in humans. Emerg Infect Dis. 10:1863–1867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergis J, Negi M, Poharkar K, Das DP, Malik SV, Kumar A, Doijad SP, Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB. 2013. 16S rRNA PCR followed by restriction endonuclease digestion: a rapid approach for genus level identification of important enteric bacterial pathogens. J Microbiol Methods. 95:353–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilar MJ, Pena FJ, Pe´rez I, Die´guez FJ, Sanjuan ML, Rodri´guez-Otero JL, Yus E. 2010. Presence of Listeria, Arcobacter, and Campylobacter spp. in dairy farms in Spain. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 23:58–62.
   Google Scholar
• Villalobos EG, Jaramillo HF, Ulate CC, Echandi ML. 2013. Isolation and identification of zoonotic species of genus arcobacter from chicken viscera obtained from retail distributors of the metropolitan area of San José, Costa Rica. J Food Prot. 76:879–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villanueva MP, Medina G, Fernández H. 2016. Arcobacter butzleri survives within trophozoite of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Rev Argent Microbiol. 48:105–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villarruel-López A, Márquez-González M, Garay-Martínez LE, Zepeda H, Castillo A, Mota de la Garza L, Murano EA, Torres-Vitela R. 2003. Isolation of Arcobacter spp. from retail meats and cytotoxic effects of isolates against vero cells. J Food Prot. 66:1374–1378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vytrasová J, Pejchalová M, Harsová K, Bínová S. 2003. Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri and A. cryaerophilus in samples of meats and from meat-processing plants by a culture technique and detection by PCR. Folia Microbiol. 48:227–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Seo DJ, Lee MH, Choi C. 2014. Comparison of conventional PCR, multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for rapid detection of Arcobacter species. J Clin Microbiol. 52:557–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb AL, Boras VF, Kruczkiewicz P, Selinger LB, Taboada EN, Inglis GD. 2016. Comparative detection and quantification of Arcobacter butzleri in stools from diarrheic and nondiarrheic people in Southwestern Alberta, Canada. J Clin Microbiol. 54:1082–1088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb AL, Kruczkiewicz P, Selinger LB, Inglis GD, Taboada EN. 2015. Development of a comparative genomic fingerprinting assay for rapid and high resolution genotyping of Arcobacter butzleri. BMC Microbiol. 15:94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesley IV, Baetz AL. 1999. Natural and experimental infections of Arcobacter in poultry. Poult Sci. 78:536–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesley IV, Schroder-Tucker L, Baetz AL, Dewhurst FE, Paster BJ. 1995. Arcobacter butzleri-specific 16S rRNA based probes. J Clin Microbiol. 33:1691–1698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesley IV, Schroeder-Tucker L, Franklin SL. 2003. Recovery of Arcobacter species from exotic animal species. Int J Med Microbiol. 293:57.
   Google Scholar
• Wesley IV, Wells SJ, Harmon KM, Green A, Schroeder-Tucker L, Glover M, Siddique I. 2000. Fecal shedding of Campylobacter and Arcobacter spp. in dairy cattle. Appl Environ Microbiol. 66:1994–2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesley IV. 1994. Arcobacter infections. In: Beran GW, Steele JH, editors. In handbook of zoonoses. CRC Press; p. 181–190.
   Google Scholar
• Wesley IV. 1997. Helicobacter and Arcobacter: potential human foodborne pathogens? Trends Food Sci Technol. 8:293–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteduck-Léveillée J, Cloutier M, Topp E, Lapen DR, Talbot G, Villemur R, Khan IU. 2016a. Development and evaluation of multiplex PCR assays for rapid detection of virulence-associated genes in Arcobacter species. J Microbiol Methods. 121:59–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteduck-Léveillée K, Whiteduck-Léveillée J, Cloutier M, Tambong JT, Xu R, Topp E, Arts MT, Chao J, Adam Z, Lévesque CA, et al. 2015. Arcobacter lanthieri sp. nov., isolated from pig and dairy cattle manure. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 65:2709–2716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteduck-Léveillée K, Whiteduck-Léveillée J, Cloutier M, Tambong JT, Xu R, Topp E, Arts MT, Chao J, Adam Z, Lévesque CA, et al. 2016b. Identification, characterization and description of Arcobacter faecis sp. nov., isolated from a human waste septic tank. Syst Appl Microbiol. 39:93–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters DK, Slavik MF. 2000. Multiplex PCR detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter butzleri in food products. Mol Cell Probes. 14:95–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirsen CO, Sievert SM, Cavanaugh CM, Molyneaux SJ, Ahmad A, Taylor LT, DeLong EF, Taylor CD. 2002. Characterization of an autotrophic sulfide-oxidizing marine Arcobacter sp. that produces filamentous sulfur. Appl Environ Microbiol. 68:316–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo PCY, Chong KTK, Leung KW, Que TL, Yuen KY. 2001. Identification of Arcobacter cryaerophilus isolated from a traffic accident victim with bacteremia by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 40:125–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wybo I, Breynaert J, Lauwers S, Lindenburg F, Houf K. 2004. Isolation of Arcobacter skirrowii from a patient with chronic diar-rhea. J Clin Microbiol. 42:1851–1852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav AS, Kolluri G, Gopi M, Karthik K, Malik YS, Dhama K. 2016. Exploring alternatives to antibiotics as health promoting agents in poultry- a review. J Exp Biol Agri Sci. 4:368–383.
   Google Scholar
• Yan JJ, Ko WC, Huang AH, Chen HM, Jin YT, Wu JJ. 2000. Arcobacter butzleri bacteremia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. J Formos Med Assoc. 99:166–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yesilmen S, Vural A, Erkan ME, Yildirim IH. 2014. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Arcobacter species in cow milk, water buffalo milk and fresh village cheese. Int J Food Microbiol. 188:11–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildiz H, Aydin S. 2006. Pathological effects of Arcobacter cryaerophilus infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykissWalbaum). Acta Vet Hung. 54:191–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacharow I, Bystroń J, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Podkowik M, Bania J. 2015. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus isolates from retail meat in Lower Silesia region, Poland. Pol J Vet Sci. 18:63–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Yu C, Wang X, Yu S, Zhang XH. 2016. Arcobacter pacificus sp. nov., isolated from seawater of the South Pacific Gyre. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 66:542–547.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zur Bruegge J, Backes C, Gölz G, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Scharek-Tedin L, Franke A, Alter T, Einspanier R, Keller A, Sharbati S. 2016. MicroRNA response of primary human macrophages to Arcobacter butzleri infection. Eur J Microbiol Immunol. 6:99–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zur Bruegge J, Hanisch C, Einspanier R, Alter T, Gölz G, Sharbati S. 2014. Arcobacter butzleri induces a pro-inflammatory response in THP-1 derived macrophages and has limited ability for intracellular survival. Int J Med Microbiol. 304:1209–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar