Longitudinal assessment of B-RAF V595E levels in the peripheral cell-free tumor DNA of a 10-year-old spayed female Korean Jindo dog with unresectable metastatic urethral transitional cell carcinoma for monitoring the treatment response to a RAF inhibitor (sorafenib)

References

• Al-Abbasi DS, Al-Janabi AA, Al-Toriahi KM, Jabor TA, Yasseen AA. 2009. Expression of VEGF in urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma in an Iraqi population subjected to depleted uranium: an immunohistochemical study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 17(4):307–311.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ascierto PA, Kirkwood JM, Grob J-J, Simeone E, Grimaldi AM, Maio M, Palmieri G, Testori A, Marincola FM, Mozzillo N, et al. 2012. The role of BRAF V600 mutation in melanoma. J Transl Med. 10:85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang F, Steelman LS, Lee JT, Shelton JG, Navolanic PM, Blalock WL, Franklin RA, McCubrey JA. 2003. Signal transduction mediated by the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway from cytokine receptors to transcription factors: potential targeting for therapeutic intervention. Leukemia. 17(7):1263–1293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng A-L, Kang Y-K, Chen Z, Tsao C-J, Qin S, Kim JS, Luo R, Feng J, Ye S, Yang T-S, et al. 2009. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 10(1):25–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crew JP, O’Brien TIM, Bicknell ROY, Fuggle SUE, Cranston D, Harris AL. 1999. Urinary vascular endothelial growth factor and its correlation with bladder cancer recurrence rates. J Urol. 161(3):799–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker B, Parker HG, Dhawan D, Kwon EM, Karlins E, Davis BW, Ramos-Vara JA, Bonney PL, McNiel EA, Knapp DW, et al. 2015. Homologous mutation to human BRAF V600E is common in naturally occurring canine bladder cancer-evidence for a relevant model system and urine-based diagnostic test. Mol Cancer Res. 13(6):993–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson AJ, Fox SB, Persad RA, Hollyer J, Sibley GN, Harris AL. 1994. Quantification of angiogenesis as an independent predictor of prognosis in invasive bladder carcinomas. Br J Urol. 74(6):762–766.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM, Szczylik C, Oudard S, Siebels M, Negrier S, Chevreau C, Solska E, Desai AA, et al. 2007. Sorafenib in advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 356(2):125–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. 2003. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med. 9(6):669–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foskett A, Manley C, Naramore R, Gordon IK, Stewart BM, Khanna C. 2017. Tolerability of oral sorafenib in pet dogs with a diagnosis of cancer. Vet Med (Auckl). 8:97–102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fulkerson CM, Knapp DW. 2015. Management of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in dogs: a review. Vet J. 205(2):217–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollob JA, Wilhelm S, Carter C, Kelley SL. 2006. Role of Raf kinase in cancer: therapeutic potential of targeting the Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway. Semin Oncol. 33(4):392–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grassinger J, Merz S, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Erhard H, Klopfleisch R. 2019. Correlation of B-RAF variant V595E, breed, histological grade and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in canine transitional cell carcinomas. Vet Sci. 6(1):31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue K, Chikazawa M, Fukata S, Yoshikawa C, Shuin T. 2003. Docetaxel enhances the therapeutic effect of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470) in metastatic human transitional cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 9:886–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara S, Onoda N, Noda S, Asano Y, Tauchi Y, Morisaki T, Kashiwagi S, Takashima T, Ohira M. 2019. Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status. Int J Oncol. 55(5):1069–1076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito Y, Onoda N, Ito K-I, Sugitani I, Takahashi S, Yamaguchi I, Kabu K, Tsukada K. 2017. Sorafenib in Japanese patients with locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 27(9):1142–1148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger TM, Weidner N, Chew K, Moore DH, Kerschmann RL, Waldman FM, Carroll PR. 1995. Tumor angiogenesis correlates with lymph node metastases in invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 154(1):69–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloos RT, Ringel MD, Knopp MV, Hall NC, King M, Stevens R, Liang J, Wakely PE, Vasko VV, Saji M, et al. 2009. Phase II trial of sorafenib in metastatic thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 27(10):1675–1684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp DW, Ramos-Vara JA, Moore GE, Dhawan D, Bonney PL, Young KE. 2014. Urinary bladder cancer in dogs, a naturally occurring model for cancer biology and drug development. ILAR J. 55(1):100–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp DW, Dhawan D, Ramos-Vara JA, Ratliff TL, Cresswell GM, Utturkar S, Sommer BC, Fulkerson CM, Hahn NM. 2019. Naturally-occurring invasive urothelial carcinoma in dogs, a unique model to drive advances in managing muscle invasive bladder cancer in humans. Front Oncol. 9:1493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee WJ, Lee JL, Chang SE, Lee MW, Kang YK, Choi JH, Moon KC, Koh JK. 2009. Cutaneous adverse effects in patients treated with the multitargeted kinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib. Br J Dermatol. 161(5):1045–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Cao Y, Chen C, Zhang X, McNabola A, Wilkie D, Wilhelm S, Lynch M, Carter C. 2006. Sorafenib blocks the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, inhibits tumor angiogenesis, and induces tumor cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma model PLC/PRF/5. Cancer Res. 66(24):11851–11858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• London C, Mathie T, Stingle N, Clifford C, Haney S, Klein MK, Beaver L, Vickery K, Vail DM, Hershey B, et al. 2012. Preliminary evidence for biologic activity of toceranib phosphate (Palladia(®)) in solid tumours. Vet Comp Oncol. 10(3):194–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• London CA, Malpas PB, Wood-Follis SL, Boucher JF, Rusk AW, Rosenberg MP, Henry CJ, Mitchener KL, Klein MK, Hintermeister JG, et al. 2009. Multi-center, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study of oral toceranib phosphate (SU11654), a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of dogs with recurrent (either local or distant) mast cell tumor following surgical excision. Clin Cancer Res. 15(11):3856–3865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangana J, Levesque MP, Karpova MB, Dummer R. 2012. Sorafenib in melanoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 21(4):557–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marconato L, Sabattini S, Marisi G, Rossi F, Leone VF, Casadei-Gardini A. 2020. Sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary toxicity and activity data in dogs. Cancers (Basel). 12(5):1272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mochizuki H, Kennedy K, Shapiro SG, Breen M. 2015. BRAF mutations in canine cancers. PLoS One. 10(6):e0129534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mu W, Lu H-M, Chen J, Li S, Elliott AM. 2016. Sanger confirmation is required to achieve optimal sensitivity and specificity in next-generation sequencing panel testing. J Mol Diagn. 18(6):923–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutsaers AJ, Widmer WR, Knapp DW. 2003. Canine transitional cell carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med. 17(2):136–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onoda N, Nakamura M, Aomatsu N, Noda S, Kashiwagi S, Hirakawa K. 2014. Establishment, characterization and comparison of seven authentic anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines retaining clinical features of the original tumors. World J Surg. 38(3):688–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrawala S, Puzanov I. 2012. Vemurafenib (RG67204, PLX4032): a potent, selective B-RAF kinase inhibitor. Future Oncol. 8(5):509–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Planchard D, Besse B, Groen HJM, Souquet P-J, Quoix E, Baik CS, Barlesi F, Kim TM, Mazieres J, Novello S, et al. 2016. Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with previously treated B-RAF(V600E)-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: an open-label, multicenter phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 17(7):984–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poddubskaya EV, Baranova MP, Allina DO, Smirnov PY, Albert EA, Kirilchev AP, Aleshin AA, Sekacheva MI, Suntsova MV. 2018. Personalized prescription of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in unresectable metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. Exp Hematol Oncol. 7:21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prado MCM, Macedo SAL, Guiraldelli GG, et al. 2019. Investigation of the prognostic significance of vasculogenic mimicry and its inhibition by sorafenib in canine mammary gland tumors. Front Oncol. 9:1445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz-Garcia E, Argiles G, Elez E, Tabernero J. 2017. BRAF mutant colorectal cancer: prognosis, treatment, and new perspectives. Ann Oncol. 28(11):2648–2657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreuer M, Jansen Y, Planken S, Chevolet I, Seremet T, Kruse V, Neyns B. 2017. Combination of dabrafenib plus trametinib for B-RAF and MEK inhibitor pretreated patients with advanced B-RAFV600-mutant melanoma: an open-label, single arm, dual-centre, phase 2 clinical trial. Lancet Oncol. 18(4):464–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapochka D, Shapochka T, Seleznyov O, Matveeva A, Dudin V. 2018. Use of circulating tumor DNA for detection of B-RAF v600e mutation and treatment monitoring in melanoma patients. Georgian Med News. 276:76–81.
   Google Scholar
• Tsao SC-H, Weiss J, Hudson C, Christophi C, Cebon J, Behren A, Dobrovic A. 2015. Monitoring response to therapy in melanoma by quantifying circulating tumour DNA with droplet digital PCR for BRAF and NRAS mutations. Sci Rep. 5:11198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group. 2004. Common terminology criteria for adverse events (VCOG-CTCAE) following chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy in dogs and cats v1.0. Vet Comp Oncol. 2:195–213.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weisse C, Berent A. 2015. Ultrasound‐guided endoscopic laser ablation for transitional cell carcinoma in dogs. In: Weisse C, Berent A, editors. Veterinary image‐guided interventions. 1st ed. Ames (IA): Wiley Blackwell. p. 398–409.
   Google Scholar
• Wilhelm S, Chien DS. 2002. BAY 43-9006: preclinical data. Curr Pharm Des. 8(25):2255–2257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhelm S, Carter C, Lynch M, Lowinger T, Dumas J, Smith RA, Schwartz B, Simantov R, Kelley S. 2006. Discovery and development of sorafenib: a multikinase inhibitor for treating cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 5(10):835–844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S, Liu G. 2017. Targeting the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 13(3):1041–1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi H, Ye X, Long B, Ye T, Zhang L, Yan F, Yang Y, Li L. 2017. Inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway augments the anticancer effects of sorafenib in thyroid cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 32(5):176–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaman A, Wu W, Bivona TG. 2019. Targeting oncogenic B-RAF: past, present, and future. Cancers (Basel). 11:E1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng X, Ou Y, Shu M, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Su X, Zhu W, Yin W, Li S, Qiu P, et al. 2014. Cholera toxin, a typical protein kinase A activator, induces G1 phase growth arrest in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells via inhibiting the c-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 9(5):1773–1779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar