References
- Griauzde J, Gemmete JJ, Pandey AS, Chaudhary N. Dural carotid cavernous fistulas: endovascular treatment and assessment of the correlation between clinical symptoms and the Cognard classification system. J NeuroInterv Surg. 2017;9(6):583–586. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012418.
- Chiu JJ, Chien S. Effects of disturbed flow on vascular endothelium: pathophysiological basis and clinical perspectives. Physiol Rev. 2011;91:327–387.
- Gupta A, Periakaruppan A. Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a review. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2009;19(1):43–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.45344.
- Reynolds MR, Lanzino G, Zipfel GJ. Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Stroke. 2017;48(5):1424–1431. doi:https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.012784.
- Karia N. Retinal vein occlusion: pathophysiology and treatment options. Clin Ophthalmol. 2010;4:809–816. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S7631.
- Xiong L, Li J, Jinkins JR. Amaurosis fugax caused by a dural arteriovenous fistula from the ophthalmic artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1993;14:191–192.
- Hayreh SS. Posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: clinical features, pathogenesis, and management. Eye (Lond). 2004;18(11):1188–1206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6701562.
- Oh DJ, Chhadva P, Kanu LN, Liu CY, MacIntosh PW. Sudden-onset blindness from a spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula with secondary central retinal artery occlusion and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Neuroophthalmology. 2019;43(2):107–113. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2018.1488979.