Surface electromyography diagnostics in women with partial vaginismus with or without vulvar vestibulitis and in asymptomatic women

REFERENCES

• Danielsson I, Sjoberg I, Stenlund H, et al. Prevalence and incidence of prolonged and severe dyspareunia in women: results from a population study. Scand J Public Health 2003; 31:113–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielsson I, Sjo¨berg I, Stenlund H, et al. Dyspareunia in a non-patient population of woman. Age and pain characteristics as good predictors for different diagnoses. In: Department of Clinical Science Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umea?, Umea? University; 2001
   Google Scholar
• Meana M, Binik YM, Khalife S, et al. Biopsychosocial profile of women with dyspareunia. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 90:583–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedrich EG, Jr. Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. J Reprod Med 1987; 32:110–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergeron S, Binik YM, Khalife S, et al. Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: reliability of diagnosis and evaluation of current diagnostic criteria. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98:45–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Beurden M, van der Vange N, de Craen AJM, et al. Normal findings in vulvar examination and vulvoscopy. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 104:320–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wijma B, Jansson M, Nilsson S, et al. Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome and vaginismus. A case report. J Reprod Med 2000; 45:219–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong JM, van Lunsen RH, Robertson EA, et al. Focal vulvitis: a psychosexual problem for which surgery is not the answer. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 16:85–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schover LR, Youngs DD, Cannata R. Psychosexual aspects of the evaluation and management of vulvar vestibulitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167:630–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994
   Google Scholar
• Wijma B, Wijma K. A cognitive behavioural treatment model of vaginismus. Scand J Behav Ther 1997; 26:145–56
   Google Scholar
• Har-Toov J, Militscher I, Lessing JB, et al. Combined vulvar vestibulitis syndrome with vaginismus: which to treat first? J Sex Marital Ther 2001; 27:521–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White G, Jantos M. Sexual behavior changes with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. J Reprod Med 1998; 43:783–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunns D, Mandal D. Psychological and psychosexual aspects of vulvar vestibulitis. Genitourin Med 1997; 73:541–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Kruiff ME, ter Kuile MM, Weijenborg PT, et al. Vaginismus and dyspareunia: is there a difference in clinical presentation? J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2000; 21:149–55
   Google Scholar
• Goetsch MF. Simplified surgical revision of the vulvar vestibule for vulvar vestibulitis [see comments]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1701-5;discussion 05–7.
   Google Scholar
• Basson R. Pathophysiology of lifelong vaginismus. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 1995; 4:183–9
   Google Scholar
• van Lankveld JJ, Brewaeys AM, ter Kuile MM, et al. Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of vaginismus, dyspareunia and mixed sexual pain disorder. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 16:201–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramov L, Wolman I, David MP. Vaginismus: an important factor in the evaluation and management of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1994; 38:194–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monif GR, Belatti RG, Jr. Intercourse-related vaginal pain syndrome: a variant of ‘‘vulvar vestibulitis syndrome’’? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169:194–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bo K, Finckenhagen HB. Vaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscle strength: inter-test reproducibility and comparison between palpation and vaginal squeeze pressure. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001; 80:883–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White G, Jantos M, Glazer H. Establishing the diagnosis of vulvar vestibulitis. J Reprod Med 1997; 42:157–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glazer HI, Rodke G, Swencionis C, et al. Treatment of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome with electromyographic biofeedback of pelvic floor musculature. J Reprod Med 1995; 40:283–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay E, Kaufman RH, Doctor U, et al. Treating vulvar vestibulitis with electromyographic biofeedback of pelvic floor musculature. J Reprod Med 2001; 46:337–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glazer HI, Jantos M, Hartmann EH, et al. Electromyographic comparisons of the pelvic floor in women with dysesthetic vulvodynia and asymptomatic women. J Reprod Med 1998; 43:959–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glazer HI, Romanzi L, Polaneczky M. Pelvic floor muscle surface electromyography. Reliability and clinical predictive validity. J Reprod Med 1999; 44:779–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanzi LJ, Polaneczky M, Glazer HI. Simple test of pelvic muscle contraction during pelvic examination: correlation to surface electromyography. Neurourol Urodyn 1999; 18:603–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Origoni M, Rossi M, Ferrari D, et al. Human papillomavirus with co-existing vulvar vestibulitis syndrome and vestibular papillomatosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1999; 64:259–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariani L. Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: an overview of non-surgical treatment. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2002; 101:109–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyal Barraco M, Lynch P. The terminology and classification of vulvar pain. J Reprod Med 2003, in press
   Google Scholar
• Reissing ED, Hattori K, Davis HJ. Vaginal Penetration Disorder: An empirically based and clinically relevant alternative for the diagnosis of the sexual pain disorders. In: 30th Annual Conference of the Canadian Sex Research Forum. Edmonton, AB, Canada; 2003
   Google Scholar
• McKay M. Dysesthetic (‘‘essential’’) vulvodynia. Treatment with amitriptyline. J Reprod Med 1993; 38:9–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Velde J, Everaerd W. Voluntary control over pelvic floor muscles in women with and without vaginistic reactions. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 1999; 10:230–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Basmajian J, Burke M, Burnett G, et al. In Muscles Alive, Fifth edn. Baltimore: Wiliams & Wilkins, 1985:402–3
   Google Scholar
• Wennergren HM, Oberg BE, Sandstedt P. The importance of leg support for relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles. A surface electromyograph study in healthy girls. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1991; 25:205–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glazer HI. Dysesthetic vulvodynia. Long-term follow-up after treatment with surface electromyography-assisted pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation. J Reprod Med 2000; 45:798–802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Motor control, theory and practical applications, second edn. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2001
   Google Scholar
• Simons DG, Mense S. Understanding and measurement of muscle tone as related to clinical muscle pain. Pain 1998; 75:1–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar