Fear of childbirth (FOC): pregnant women’s perceptions towards the impending hospital birth and coping resources – a reconstructive study

References

• O’Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, et al. Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96:907–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijma K. Why focus on ‘fear of childbirth’? J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;24:141–143. doi: doi10.3109/01674820309039667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe NK. Self-efficacy for labor and childbirth fears in nulliparous pregnant women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;21:219–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berentson‐Shaw J, Scott KM, Jose PE. Do self‐efficacy beliefs predict the primiparous labour and birth experience? A longitudinal study. J Reprod Infant Psyc. 2009;27:357–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams S, Eberhard-Gran M, Eskild A. Fear of childbirth and duration of labour: a study of 2206 women with intended vaginal delivery. BJOG. 2012;119:1238–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laursen M, Johansen C, Hedegaard M. Fear of childbirth and risk for birth complications in nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG. 2009;116:1350–1355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junge C, von Soest T, Weidner K, et al. Labor pain in women with and without severe fear of childbirth: a population-based, longitudinal study. Birth. 2018;45:469–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alehagen S, Wijma B, Wijma K. Fear of childbirth before, during, and after childbirth [Research Support, Non-U.S.] Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85:56–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saisto T, Halmesmäki E. Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003;82:201–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsui MH, Pang MW, Melender H-L, et al. Maternal fear associated with pregnancy and childbirth in Hong Kong Chinese women. Women Health. 2007;44:79–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faisal I, Matinnia N, Hejar AR, et al. Why do primigravidae request caesarean section in a normal pregnancy? A qualitative study in Iran. Midwifery. 2014;30:227–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryding EL, Lukasse M, Parys AS, et al. Fear of childbirth and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries. Birth. 2015;42:48–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll KH, Hauck YL, Downe S, et al. Preference for cesarean section in young nulligravid women in eight OECD countries and implications for reproductive health education. Reprod Health. 2017;14:116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson C, Lundgren I, Karlstrom A, et al. Self reported fear of childbirth and its association with women’s birth experience and mode of delivery: a longitudinal population-based study. Women Birth. 2012;25:114–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines HM, Rubertsson C, Pallant JF, et al. The influence of women’s fear, attitudes and beliefs of childbirth on mode and experience of birth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12:55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söderquist J, Wijma B, Thorbert G, et al. Risk factors in pregnancy for post-traumatic stress and depression after childbirth. BJOG. 2009;116:672–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, et al. Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18:28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Striebich S, Mattern E, Ayerle GM. Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)/tokophobia - A systematic review of approaches and interventions. Midwifery. 2018;61:97–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downe S, Finlayson K, Oladapo O, et al. What matters to women during childbirth: a systematic qualitative review. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0194906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy HP, Yoshida S, Costello A, et al. Asking different questions: research priorities to improve the quality of care for every woman, every child. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4:e777–e779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehghani M, Sharpe L, Khatibi A. Catastrophizing mediates the relationship between fear of pain and preference for elective caesarean section. Eur J Pain. 2014;18:582–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweik D, Sluijs AM. What is underneath the cesarean request? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94:1153–1155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenwick J, Staff L, Gamble J, et al. Why do women request caesarean section in a normal, healthy first pregnancy? Midwifery. 2010;26:394–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuglenes D, Aas E, Botten G, et al. Why do some pregnant women prefer cesarean? The influence of parity, delivery experiences, and fear. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205:45 e1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfaff H, Neugebauer EAM, Glaeske G, et al. Lehrbuch Versorgungsforschung: Systematik, Methoden, Anwendung. [Textbook Health Services Research: Systematics, Methods, Application] Stuttgart: Schattauer; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Bohnsack R. Documentary method and group discussions. In: Bohnsack R, Pfaff N, Weller W, editors. Qualitative analysis and documentary method in international educational research. Opladen: B. Budrich; 2010. p. 99–124.
   Google Scholar
• Ohnsack R. Documentary Method. In: Flick U, editor. SAGE Handbook of Analyzing Qualitative Data. London/New Delhi: Thousand Oakes; 2014. p. 217–233.
   Google Scholar
• Bohnsack R. Rekonstruktive Sozialforschung. [Reconstructive Social Research]. Vol. 5. Auflage. Opladen: Leske Und Budrich; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Nentwig-Gesemann I. Konjunktiver Erfahrungsraum. [Conjunctive space of experience]. In: Bohnsack R, Geimer A, Meuser M, editors. Hauptbegriffe qualitativer Sozialforschung. [Main concepts in qualitative Social Research]. Vol. 4. Auflage. Opladen: Budrich; 2018. p. 131–133.
   Google Scholar
• Mannheim K. Strukturen des Denkens. [Structures of thinking]. Frankfurt Am Main: Suhrkamp Taschenbuch; 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Witzel A. Das problemzentrierte Interview. [Problem-centered Interviews]. In: Jüttemann GE, editor. Qualitative Forschung in der Psychologie: Grundfragen, Verfahrensweisen, Anwendungsfelder. [Qualitative social research in psychology: basic questions, approaches, fields of application]. Weinheim: Beltz; 1985. p. 227–255.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, et al. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Acad Med. 2014;89:1245–1251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohnsack R. Praxeologische Wissenssoziologie. [Praxeological Sociology of Knowledge]. Berlin, Toronto: Barbara Budrich Opladen; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Striebich S, Ayerle GM. Große Angst vor der Geburt bei schwangeren Frauen in Deutschland: Erfahrungen und Orientierungen in Bezug auf die Schwangerenbetreuung und die Geburtsvorbereitung - eine rekonstruktive Studie. [Severe fear of childbirth in pregnant women in Germany: Experiences and orientations regarding antenatal care and birth preparation – a reconstructive study]. Zeitschrift für Hebammenwissenschaft. 2019;7:3–12.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson C, Jansson L, Hamberg K. Women’s experiences of intense fear related to childbirth investigated in a Swedish qualitative study. Midwifery. 2006;22:240–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melender H. Experiences of fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth: a study of 329 pregnant women. Birth. 2002;29:101–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson C, Westman G, Hamberg K. Content of childbirth-related fear in Swedish women and men–analysis of an open-ended question. J Midwifery Women’s Health. 2006;51:112–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melender HL, Lauri S. Experiences of security associated with pregnancy and childbirth: a study of pregnant women. Int J Nurs Pract. 2002;8:289–296.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fisher C, Hauck Y, Fenwick J. How social context impacts on women’s fears of childbirth: a Western Australian example. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63:64–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Gucht N, Lewis K. Women’s experiences of coping with pain during childbirth: a critical review of qualitative research. Midwifery. 2015;31:349–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattern E, Lohmann S, Ayerle GM. Experiences and wishes of women regarding systemic aspects of midwifery care in Germany: a qualitative study with focus groups. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17:389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandall J, Soltani H, Gates S, et al. Midwife-led continuity models versus other models of care for childbearing women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD004667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohren MA, Hofmeyr GJ, Sakala C, et al. Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7:Cd003766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildingsson I, Rubertsson C, Karlstrom A, et al. Caseload midwifery for women with fear of birth is a feasible option. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2018;16:50–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sydsjo G, Blomberg M, Palmquist S, et al. Effects of continuous midwifery labour support for women with severe fear of childbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitlein H. Das Ende der Hebammen. [The end of midwives]. Zeit Online. [cited 2015]. Available from: https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2015-07/hebammen-elternprotest-versicherung. German
   Google Scholar
• Melender H-L. Fears and coping strategies associated with pregnancy and childbirth in Finland. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2002;47:256–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonovsky A. Unraveling the Mystery of Health: How People Manage Stress and Stay Well. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass; 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Deutsches Netzwerk evidenzbasierte Medizin, editor. Leitlinie evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsinformation [German Network of Evidence-based Medicine, editor. Guideline evidence-based health information]; 2017. [cited 2018 Nov 4]. Available from: https://www.ebm-netzwerk.de/was-wir-tun/publikationen/LeitlinieEvidenzbasierteGesundheitsinformation.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lyberg A, Severinsson E. Midwives’ supervisory styles and leadership role as experienced by Norwegian mothers in the context of a fear of childbirth. J Nurs Manag. 2010;18:391–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar