Identifying women with fear of childbirth with the Dutch Fear of Birth Scale and its added value for consultations

References

• Bewley S, Cockburn J. Responding to fear of childbirth. Lancet. 2002;359(9324):2128–2129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demšar K, Svetina M, Verdenik I, et al. Tokophobia (fear of childbirth): prevalence and risk factors. J Perinat Med. 2018;46(2):151–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson C, Jansson L, Hamberg K. Women's experiences of intense fear related to childbirth investigated in a Swedish qualitative study. Midwifery. 2006;22(3):240–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, et al. Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(8):907–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, et al. Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, et al. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG. 2009;116(1):67–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deklava L, Lubina K, Circenis K, et al. Causes of anxiety during pregnancy. Proc – Soc Behav Sci. 2015;205:623–626. ISSN 1877-0428,.
   Google Scholar
• Dencker A, Nilsson C, Begley C, et al. Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. Women Birth. 2019;32(2):99–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alder J, Fink N, Bitzer J, et al. Depression and anxiety during pregnancy: a risk factor for obstetric, fetal and neonatal outcome? A critical review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007;20(3):189–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams SS, Eberhard-Gran M, Eskild A. Fear of childbirth and duration of labour: a study of 2206 women with intended vaginal delivery. BJOG. 2012;119(10):1238–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaers S, Waschke M, Ehlert U. Depressive symptoms and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in women after childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;29(1):61–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shlomi Polachek I, Dulitzky M, Margolis-Dorfman L, et al. A simple model for prediction postpartum PTSD in high-risk pregnancies. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19(3):483–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Kenny LC, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with severe fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Res. 2019;120:105–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 1998;19(2):84–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderani E, Giardinelli L, Scannerini S, et al. Tocophobia in the DSM-5 era: outcomes of a new cut-off analysis of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire based on clinical presentation. J Psychosom Res. 2019;116:37–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines HM, Pallant JF, Fenwick J, et al. Identifying women who are afraid of giving birth: a comparison of the fear of birth scale with the W-DEQ a in a large Australian cohort. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2015;6(4):204–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roosevelt L, Low LK. Exploring fear of childbirth in the United States through a qualitative assessment of the Wijma delivery expectancy questionnaire. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2016;45(1):28–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines H, Pallant JF, Karlström A, et al. Cross-cultural comparison of levels of childbirth-related fear in an Australian and Swedish sample. Midwifery. 2011;27(4):560–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dinter-Douma EE, de Vries NE, Aarts-Greven M, et al. Screening for trauma and anxiety recognition: knowledge, management and attitudes amongst gynecologists regarding women with fear of childbirth and postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(16):2759–2767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castor EDC. Castor Electronic Data Capture. 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Hildingsson I, Rubertsson C, Karlström A, et al. Exploring the fear of birth scale in a mixed population of women of childbearing age – a Swedish pilot study. Women Birth. 2018;31(5):407–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBM Corp. Released 2016. IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 24.0. Armonk (NY): IBM Corp.; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/dashboard-bevolking/levensloop/kinderen-krijgen.
   Google Scholar
• https://assets.perined.nl/docs/aeb10614-08b4-4a1c-9045-8af8a2df5c16.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2019/10/evenveel-vrouwen-als-mannen-met-hbo-of-wo-diploma.
   Google Scholar
• https://www.trimbos.nl/docs/71379d1f-7622-4925-8550-b9e9c7e483d8.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Klabbers G, Heuvel MMA, Bakel H, et al. Severe fear of childbirth: its features, assessment, prevalence, determinants, consequences and possible treatments. Psychol Top. 2016;25:107–127.
   Google Scholar
• Jokić-Begić N, Zigić L, Nakić Radoš S. Anxiety and anxiety sensitivity as predictors of fear of childbirth: different patterns for nulliparous and parous women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;35(1):22–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alipour Z, Lamyian M, Hajizadeh E, et al. The association between antenatal anxiety and fear of childbirth in nulliparous women: a prospective study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2011;16(2):169–173.
   Google Scholar
• Richens Y, Smith DM, Lavender DT. Fear of birth in clinical practice: a structured review of current measurement tools. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2018;16:98–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slade P, Balling K, Sheen K, et al. Identifying fear of childbirth in a UK population: qualitative examination of the clarity and acceptability of existing measurement tools in a small UK sample. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ternström E, Hildingsson I, Haines H, et al. Pregnant women's thoughts when assessing fear of birth on the Fear of Birth Scale. Women Birth. 2016;29(3):e44–e49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson C, Lundgren I. Women's lived experience of fear of childbirth. Midwifery. 2009;25(2):e1–e9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Striebich S, Mattern E, Ayerle GM. Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)/tokophobia – a systematic review of approaches and interventions. Midwifery. 2018;61:97–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Toivanen R, et al. Obstetric outcome after intervention for severe fear of childbirth in nulliparous women – randomised trial. BJOG. 2013;120(1):75–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Toivanen R, et al. Group psychoeducation with relaxation for severe fear of childbirth improves maternal adjustment and childbirth experience – a randomised controlled trial. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;36(1):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Toivanen R, et al. Life satisfaction, general well-being and costs of treatment for severe fear of childbirth in nulliparous women by psychoeducative group or conventional care attendance. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(5):527–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a psycho-education intervention by midwives in reducing childbirth fear in pregnant women. Birth. 2014;41(4):384–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieminen K, Berg I, Frankenstein K, et al. Internet-provided cognitive behaviour therapy of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth – a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2016;45(4):287–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar