Treatment response and recurrence of conjunctival melanoma with orbital invasion treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: case report and literature review

References

• Gkiala A, Palioura S. Conjunctival melanoma: update on genetics, epigenetics and targeted molecular and immune-based therapies. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:3137–3152. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S271569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steininger J, Gellrich FF, Schulz A, Westphal D, Beissert S, Meier F. Systemic therapy of metastatic melanoma: on the road to cure. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(6):1430. doi:10.3390/cancers13061430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martel A, Oberic A, Moulin A, Zografos L, Bellini L, Almairac F, et al. Orbital exenteration and conjunctival melanoma: a 14-year study at the Jules Gonin eye hospital. Eye (Lond). 2020;34(10):1897–1902. doi:10.1038/s41433-020-0767-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose AM, Cowen S, Jayasena CN, Verity DH, Rose GE. Presentation, treatment, and prognosis of secondary melanoma within the Orbit. Front Oncol. 2017;7:125–125. doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zografos L, Ducrey N, Beati D, Schalenbourg A, Spahn B, Balmer A, et al. Metastatic melanoma in the eye and orbit. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(11):2245–2256. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.05.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03528408.
   Google Scholar
• Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0. https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CTCAE/CTCAE_4.03/Archive/CTCAE_4.0_2009-05-29_QuickReference_8.5x11.pdf. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Kini A, Fu R, Compton C, Miller DM, Ramasubramanian A. Pembrolizumab for recurrent conjunctival melanoma. JAMA ophthalmology. 2017;135(8):891–892. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2279.
   Google Scholar
• Ford J, Thuro BA, Thakar S, Hwu WJ, Richani K, Esmaeli B. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of metastatic melanoma of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;33(4):e82–85. doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000000790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene DP, Shield DR, Shields CL, Shields JA, Servat JJ, Lin CJ, et al. Cutaneous melanoma metastatic to the orbit: review of 15 cases. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;30(3):233–237. doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000000075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuo T, Yamasaki O, Tanaka T, Katsui K, Waki T. Proton beam therapy followed by pembrolizumab for giant ocular surface conjunctival malignant melanoma: a case report. Mol Clin Oncol. 2022;16(1):12. doi:10.3892/mco.2021.2445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poujade L, Samaran Q, Mura F, Guillot B, Meunier I, Du-Thanh A. Melanoma-associated retinopathy during pembrolizumab treatment probably controlled by intravitreal injections of dexamethasone. Doc Ophthalmol. 2021;142(2):257–263. doi:10.1007/s10633-020-09795-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouwer NJ, Verdijk RM, Heegaard S, Marinkovic M, Esmaeli B, Jager MJ. Conjunctival melanoma: new insights in tumour genetics and immunology, leading to new therapeutic options. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2022;86:100971. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu DN, McCormick SA, Seedor JA, Ritterband DC, Shah MK. Isolation, purification and cultivation of conjunctival melanocytes. Exp Eye Res. 2007;84(4):655–662. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.12.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bay SB, Görgün Ö, Kebudi R. Children with malignant melanoma: a single center experience from Turkey. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2020;55(1):39–45. doi:10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.90022.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dagi Glass L, Sullivan R, Freitag SK. New translational research in the medical management of orbital melanoma. Paper presented at: Seminars in ophthalmology; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Kiyohara T, Tanimura H, Miyamoto M, Shijimaya T, Nagano N, Nakamaru S, et al. Two cases of BRAF-mutated, bulbar conjunctival melanoma, and review of the published literature. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020;45(2):207–211. doi:10.1111/ced.14060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finger PT, Pavlick AC. Checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy for advanced local and systemic conjunctival melanoma: a clinical case series. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):83. doi:10.1186/s40425-019-0555-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaeli B, Sagiv O. Targeted biological drugs and immune check point inhibitors for locally advanced or metastatic cancers of the conjunctiva, eyelid, and orbit. Nt Ophthalmol Clin. 2019;59(2):13–26. doi:10.1097/IIO.0000000000000271.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sagiv O, Thakar SD, Kandl TJ, Ford J, Sniegowski MC, Hwu WJ, et al. Immunotherapy with programmed cell death 1 Inhibitors for 5 patients with conjunctival melanoma. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;136(11):1236–1241. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.3488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaves LJ, Huth B, Augsburger JJ, Correa ZM. Eye-sparing treatment for diffuse invasive conjunctival melanoma. Ocul Oncol Pathol. 2018;4(4):261–266. doi:10.1159/000485978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouwer NJ, Marinkovic M, van Duinen SG, Bleeker JC, Jager MJ, Luyten GPM, et al. Treatment of conjunctival melanoma in a Dutch referral centre. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(9):1277–1282. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto Torres S, André T, Gouveia E, Costa L, Passos MJ. Systemic treatment of metastatic conjunctival melanoma. Case Rep Oncol Med. 2017;2017:4623964. doi:10.1155/2017/4623964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi E, Schinzari G, Maiorano BA, Pagliara MM, Di Stefani A, Bria E, et al. Conjunctival melanoma: genetic and epigenetic insights of a distinct type of melanoma. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(21):5447. doi:10.3390/ijms20215447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aamdal E, Jacobsen KD, Straume O, Kersten C, Herlofsen O, Karlsen J, et al. Ipilimumab in a real-world population: a prospective phase IV trial with long-term follow-up. Int J Cancer. 2022;150(1):100–111. doi:10.1002/ijc.33768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, et al. Overall survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1345–1356. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1709684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen MC, Nguyen V, Le H, Nguyen DV, Nguyen ML, Hermiston ML, et al. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphomas with homozygous inheritance of HAVCR2 mutations in Vietnamese pedigrees. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021;68(12):e29292. doi:10.1002/pbc.29292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herr MM, Schonfeld SJ, Dores GM, Withrow DR, Tucker MA, Curtis RE, et al. Mutual risks of cutaneous melanoma and specific lymphoid neoplasms: second cancer occurrence and survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018;110(11):1248–1258. doi:10.1093/jnci/djy052.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goggins WB, Finkelstein DM, Tsao H. Evidence for an association between cutaneous melanoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer. 2001;91(4):874–880. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20010215)91:4<874:AID-CNCR1076>3.0.CO;2-O.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lens MB, Newton-Bishop JA. An association between cutaneous melanoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: pooled analysis of published data with a review. Ann Oncol. 2005;16(3):460–465. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Lerma I, Peñate Y, Gallardo F, Martí RM, Mitxelena J, Bielsa I, et al. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: clinical features, therapeutic approach, and outcome in a case series of 16 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(5):892–898. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.05.1243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MY, Bernabe-Ramirez C, Ramirez DC, Maki RG. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and its response to immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and ipilimumab. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(4):e234363. doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-234363.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ratner L, Waldmann TA, Janakiram M, Brammer JE. Rapid progression of adult T-Cell leukemia-lymphoma after PD-1 inhibitor therapy. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(20):1947–1948. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1803181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hida Y, Kageji R, Bekku H, Watanabe S, Seike T, Yamashita M. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma developing during nivolumab treatment for metastatic melanoma. Dermatol Online J. 2022;28(1). doi:10.5070/D328157071.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayoubi N, Haque A, Vera N, Ma S, Messina J, Khushalani N, et al. Ipilimumab/nivolumab-induced pseudolymphoma in a patient with malignant melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2020;47(4):390–393. doi:10.1111/cup.13604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia S, Zhu T, Shi H, Zong C, Bao Y, Wen X, et al. American joint committee on cancer tumor staging system predicts the outcome and metastasis pattern in conjunctival melanoma. Ophthalmology. 2022;129(7):771–780. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.02.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain P, Finger PT, Fili M, Damato B, Coupland SE, Heimann H, et al. Conjunctival melanoma treatment outcomes in 288 patients: a multicentre international data-sharing study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;105(10):1358–1364. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurzhals JK, Klee G, Hagelstein V, Zillikens D, Terheyden P, Langan EA. Disease recurrence during adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in metastatic melanoma: clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics in patients from a single tertiary referral center. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(18):10723. doi:10.3390/ijms231810723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen CN, Shoushtari AN, Chauhan D, Palmieri DJ, Lee B, Rohaan MW, et al. Management of early melanoma recurrence despite adjuvant anti-PD-1 antibody therapy(☆). Ann Oncol. 2020;31(8):1075–1082. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhave P, Pallan L, Long GV, Menzies AM, Atkinson V, Cohen JV, et al. Melanoma recurrence patterns and management after adjuvant targeted therapy: a multicentre analysis. Br J Cancer. 2021;124(3):574–580. doi:10.1038/s41416-020-01121-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen YJL, Rozeman EA, Mason R, Goldinger SM, Geukes Foppen MH, Hoejberg L, et al. Discontinuation of anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in the absence of disease progression or treatment limiting toxicity: clinical outcomes in advanced melanoma. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(7):1154–1161. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdz110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long GV, Luke JJ, Khattak MA, de la Cruz Merino L, Del Vecchio M, Rutkowski P, et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): distant metastasis-free survival results of a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(11):1378–1388. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00559-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar