Wechsler VIQ versus PIQ differences in cerebral dysfunction: A literature review with emphasis on sex differences

References

• Andersen , A. L. 1951 . The effect of laterality localization of focal brain lesions on the Wechsler-Bellevue subtests . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 7 : 149 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker , B. 1975 . Intellectual changes after closed head injury . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 31 : 307 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black , F. W. 1973 . Memory and paired-associate learning of patients with unilateral brain lesions . Psychological Reports , 33 : 919 – 922 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black , F. W. 1974 . Cognitive effects of unilateral brain lesions secondary to penetrating missile wounds . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 38 : 387 – 391 . (a)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black , F. W. 1974 . The cognitive sequelae of penetrating missile wounds of the brain . Military Medicine , 139 : 815 – 817 . (b)
   Google Scholar
• Black , F. W. 1976 . Cognitive deficits in patients with unilateral war-related frontal lobe lesions . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 32 : 366 – 372 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boll , T. J. 1978 . “ Diagnosing brain impairment ” . In Clinical diagnosis of mental disorders , Edited by: Wolman , B. New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Dennerll , R. D. 1964 . Prediction of unilateral brain dysfunction using Wechsler test scores . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 28 : 278 – 284 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doehring , D. G. , Reitan , R. M. and Kl⊘ve , H. 1961 . Changes in patterns of intelligence test performance associated with homonymous visual field defects . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 132 : 227 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filskov , S. B. and Leli , D. A. 1981 . “ Assessment of the Individual in Neuropsychological Practice ” . In Handbook of clinical neuropsychology , Edited by: Filskov , S. B. and Boll , T. J. New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Fitzhugh , K. B. and Fitzhugh , L. C. 1964 . WAIS results for Ss with longstanding, chronic, lateralized and diffuse cerebral dysfunction . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 19 : 735 – 739 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fitzhugh , K. B. , Fitzhugh , L. C. and Reitan , R. M. 1962 . Wechsler-Bellevue comparisons in groups with “chronic” and “current” lateralized and diffuse brain lesions . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 26 : 306 – 310 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guertin , W. H. , Rabin , A. I. , Frank , G. H. and Ladd , C. E. 1962 . Research with the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Adults 1955–60 . Psychological Bulletin , 59 : 1 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guertin , W. H. , Ladd , C. E. , Frank , G. H. , Rabin , A. I. and Hiester , D. S. 1966 . Research with the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Adults . Psychological Bulletin , 66 : 385 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglis , J. and Lawson , J. S. 1981 . Sex differences in the effects of unilateral brain damage on intelligence . Science , 212 : 693 – 695 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kl⊘ve , H. 1959 . Relationship of differential electroencephalographic patterns to distribution of Wechsler-Bellevue scores . Neurology , 9 : 871 – 876 .
   Google Scholar
• Kl⊘ve , H. and Reitan , R. M. 1958 . Effect of dysphasia and spatial distortion on Wechsler-Bellevue Results . A.M.A. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry , 80 : 708 – 713 .
   Google Scholar
• Lansdell , H. 1961 . The effect of neurosurgery on a test of proverbs . American Psychologist , 16 : 448
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lansdell , H. 1962 . A sex difference in the effect of temporal-lobe neurosurgery on design preference . Nature , 194 : 852 – 854 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lansdell , H. 1968 . The use of factor scores from the Wechsler-Bellevue Scale of Intelligence in assessing patients with temporal lobe removals . Cortex , 4 : 257 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Leli , D. A. and Filskov , S. B. 1981 . Actuarial detection and description of brain impairment with the Wechsler-Bellevue Form I . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 37 : 615 – 622 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matarazzo , J. D. 1972 . Wechsler's measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence, , 5th and enlarged ed. , Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Matarazzo , J. D. 1979 . Intellectual functioning in chronic alcoholism . Journal of Continuing Education in Psychiatry , June : 11 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Matarazzo , J. D. 1980 . “ Psychological assessment of intelligence ” . In Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry III, , 3rd Ed. , Edited by: Kaplan , H. I. , Freedman , A. M. and Sadock , B. J. Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• McGlone , J. 1977 . Sex differences in the cerebral organization of verbal functions in patients with unilateral brain lesions . Brain , 100 : 775 – 793 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGlone , J. 1978 . Sex differences in functional brain asymmetry . Cortex , 14 : 122 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGlone , J. and Davidson , W. 1973 . The relationship between cerebral speech laterality and spatial ability with special reference to sex and hand preference . Neuropsychologia , 11 : 195 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGlone , J. and Kertesz , A. 1973 . Sex differences in cerebral processing of visuo-spatial tasks . Cortex , 9 : 313 – 320 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meier , M. J. and French , L. A. 1966 . Longitudinal assessment of intellectual functioning following unilateral temporal lobectomy . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 22 : 22 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , V. and Jones , H. G. 1957 . Patterns of cognitive test performance as functions of the lateral localization of cerebral abnormalities in temporal lobe . Journal of Mental Science , 103 : 758 – 772 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milner , B. 1964 . “ Some effects of frontal lobectomy in man ” . In The frontal granular cortex and behavior , Edited by: Warren , J. and Akert , K. New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , O. A. , Vega , A. and Burn , J. 1969 . Different psychological effects of lateralized brain damage . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 33 : 551 – 557 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitan , R. M. 1955 . Certain differential effects of left and right cerebral lesions in human adults . Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology , 48 : 474 – 477 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitan , R. M. 1964 . “ Psychological deficits resulting from cerebral lesions in man ” . In The frontal granular cortex and behavior , Edited by: Warren , J. and Akert , K. A. New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Satz , P. 1966 . Specific and non-specific effects of brain lesions in man . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 71 : 65 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satz , P. , Richard , W. and Daniels , A. 1967 . The alterations of intellectual performance after lateralized brain injury in man . Psychonomic Science , 7 : 369 – 370 .
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , C. A. and Vega , A. 1971 . Unilateral brain damage and patterns of age-corrected WAIS subtest scores . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 27 : 204 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , A. 1962 . Ambiguities in concepts and studies of “brain damage” and “organicity” . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 68 : 188 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , A. 1966 . Intellectual functions in patients with lateralized frontal tumors . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 29 : 52 – 59 . (a)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , A. 1966 . Verbal and nonverbal test performances of patients with “acute” lateralized brain lesions (tumors) . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 141 : 517 – 522 . (b)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , A. 1966 . Certain hypothesized hemispheric differences in language and visual functions in human adults . Cortex , 2 : 109 – 126 . (c)
   Google Scholar
• Smith , A. 1975 . “ Neuropsychological testing in neurological disorders ” . In Advances in neurology , Edited by: Friedlander , W. J. Vol. 7 , New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , A. 1979 . Practices and principles of clinical neuropsychology . International Journal of Neuroscience , 9 : 233 – 238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , A. 1981 . “ Principles underlying human brain functions in neuropsychological sequelae of different neuropathological processes ” . In Handbook of clinical neuropsychology , Edited by: Filskov , S. B. and Boll , T. J. New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Teuber , H. L. 1964 . “ The riddle of frontal lobe function in man ” . In The frontal granular cortex and behavior , Edited by: Warren , J. and Akert , K. New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Todd , J. , Coolidge , F. and Satz , P. 1977 . The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale discrepancy index: A neuropsychological evaluation . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 45 : 450 – 454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzzell , B. P. , Zimmerman , R. A. , Dolinskas , C. A. and Obrist , W. D. 1979 . Lateralized psychological impairment associated with CT lesions in head injured patients . Cortex , 15 : 391 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vega , A. and Parsons , O. A. 1969 . Relationships between sensory-motor deficits and WAIS verbal and performance scores in unilateral brain damage . Cortex , 5 : 229 – 241 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zimmerman , S. F. , Whitmyre , J. W. and Fields , F. R. J. 1970 . Factor analytic structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale in patients with diffuse and lateralized cerebral dysfunction . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 26 : 462 – 465 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar