3,973
Views
84
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Integrating research disciplines in speech production

The architecture of speech production and the role of the phoneme in speech processing

Pages 2-20 | Received 14 May 2013, Accepted 09 Aug 2013, Published online: 09 Sep 2013

References

  • Aliu, S. O., Houde, J. F., & Nagarajan, S. S. (2009). Motor-induced suppression of the auditory cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21(4), 791–802. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21055
  • Almeida, J., Knobel, M., Finkbeiner, M., & Caramazza, A. (2007). The locus of the frequency effect in picture naming: When recognizing is not enough. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14(6), 1177–1182. doi:10.3758/BF03193109
  • Andersen, R. A. (1997). Multimodal integration for the representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences, 352, 1421–1428. doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0128
  • Anderson, J. M., Gilmore, R., Roper, S., Crosson, B., Bauer, R. M., Nadeau, S., … Heilman, K. M. (1999). Conduction aphasia and the arcuate fasciculus: A reexamination of the Wernicke-Geschwind model. Brain and Language, 70(1), 1–12. doi:10.1006/brln.1999.2135
  • Baldo, J. V., Klostermann, E. C., & Dronkers, N. F. (2008). It's either a cook or a baker: Patients with conduction aphasia get the gist but lose the trace. Brain and Language, 105(2), 134–140. doi:S0093-934X(07)00301-X [pii]
  • Barton, B., Venezia, J. H., Saberi, K., Hickok, G., & Brewer, A. A. (2012). Orthogonal acoustic dimensions define auditory field maps in human cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 109(50), 20738–20743. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213381109
  • Bishop, D. V., Brown, B. B., & Robson, J. (1990). The relationship between phoneme discrimination, speech production, and language comprehension in cerebral-palsied individuals. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33(2), 210–219. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2359262
  • Bloom, P. (2000). How children learn the meanings of words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Bock, K. (1999). Language production. In R. A. Wilson & F. C. Keil (Eds.), The MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences (pp. 453–456). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Bohland, J. W., & Guenther, F. H. (2006). An fMRI investigation of syllable sequence production. Neuroimage, 32, 821–841. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.173
  • Brainard, M. S., & Doupe, A. J. (2013). Translating birdsong: Songbirds as a model for basic and applied medical research. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 36, 489–517. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-152826
  • Browman, C. P., & Goldstein, L. (1992). Articulatory phonology: An overview. Phonetica, 49(3–4), 155–180. doi:10.1159/000261913
  • Buchsbaum, B. R., Baldo, J., D'Esposito, M., Dronkers, N., Okada, K., & Hickok, G. (2011). Conduction aphasia and phonological short-term memory: A meta-analysis of lesion and fMRI data. Brain and Language, 119, 119–128. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2010.12.001
  • Buchsbaum, B. R., Baldo, J., Okada, K., Berman, K. F., Dronkers, N., D'Esposito, M., & Hickok, G. (2011). Conduction aphasia, sensory-motor integration, and phonological short-term memory – An aggregate analysis of lesion and fMRI data. Brain and Language, 119(3), 119–128. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2010.12.001
  • Buchsbaum, B. R., Hickok, G., & Humphries, C. (2001). Role of left posterior superior temporal gyrus in phonological processing for speech perception and production. Cognitive Science, 25, 663–678. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2505_2
  • Burnett, T. A., Freedland, M. B., Larson, C. R., & Hain, T. C. (1998). Voice F0 responses to manipulations in pitch feedback. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 103(6), 3153–3161. doi:10.1121/1.423073
  • Burnett, T. A., Senner, J. E., & Larson, C. R. (1997). Voice F0 responses to pitch-shifted auditory feedback: A preliminary study. Journal of Voice, 11(2), 202–211. doi:10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80079-3
  • Cholin, J., Levelt, W. J., & Schiller, N. O. (2006). Effects of syllable frequency in speech production. Cognition, 99(2), 205–235. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2005.01.009
  • Chomsky, N., & Halle, M. (1968). The sound pattern of English. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Christman, S. S., Boutsen, F. R., & Buckingham, H. W. (2004). Perseveration and other repetitive verbal behaviors: Functional dissociations. Seminars in Speech and Language, 25(4), 295–307. doi:10.1055/s-2004-837243
  • D'Ausilio, A., Pulvermuller, F., Salmas, P., Bufalari, I., Begliomini, C., & Fadiga, L. (2009a). The motor somatotopy of speech perception. Current Biology, 19(5), 381–385. doi:S0960-9822(09)00556-9 [pii]
  • D'Ausilio, A., Pulvermuller, F., Salmas, P., Bufalari, I., Begliomini, C., & Fadiga, L. (2009b). Speech perception may causally depend from the activity of motor centers: Reply to Hickok. Retrieved from http://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments_Dausilio
  • Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (1980). The anatomical basis of conduction aphasia. Brain, 103, 337–350. doi:10.1093/brain/103.2.337
  • Dell, G. S. (1986). A spreading activation theory of retrieval in language production. Psychological Review, 93, 283–321. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.93.3.283
  • Dell, G. S. (1995). Speaking and misspeaking. In L. R. Glietman & M. Liberman (Eds.), An invitation to cognitive science: Language (2nd ed., vol. 1, pp. 183–208). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Dell, G. S., Schwartz, M. F., Martin, N., Saffran, E. M., & Gagnon, D. A. (1997). Lexical access in aphasic and nonaphasic speakers. Psychological Review, 104, 801–838. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.104.4.801
  • Delvaux, V., & Soquet, A. (2007). The influence of ambient speech on adult speech productions through unintentional imitation. Phonetica, 64, 145–173. doi:10.1159/000107914
  • Desmurget, M., & Grafton, S. (2000). Forward modeling allows feedback control for fast reaching movements. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(11), 423–431. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01537-0
  • Diedrichsen, J., Shadmehr, R., & Ivry, R. B. (2010). The coordination of movement: Optimal feedback control and beyond. Trends in Cognitive Science, 14(1), 31–39. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.11.004
  • Doupe, A. J., & Kuhl, P. K. (1999). Birdsong and human speech: Common themes and mechanisms. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 22, 567–631. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.567
  • Dronkers, N., & Baldo, J. (2009). Language: Aphasia. In L. R. Squire (Ed.), Encyclopedia of neuroscience (vol. 5, pp. 343–348). Oxford: Academic Press.
  • Duffy, J. R. (1995). Motor speech disorders: Substrates, differential diagnosis, and management. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
  • Edwards, E., Nagarajan, S. S., Dalal, S. S., Canolty, R. T., Kirsch, H. E., Barbaro, N. M., & Knight, R. T. (2010). Spatiotemporal imaging of cortical activation during verb generation and picture naming. Neuroimage, 50(1), 291–301. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.035
  • Eimas, P. D., Siqueland, E. R., Jusczyk, P., & Vigorito, J. (1971). Speech perception in infants. Science, 171(968), 303–306. doi:10.1126/science.171.3968.303
  • Fadiga, L., Craighero, L., & D'Ausilio, A. (2009). Broca's area in language, action, and music. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1169, 448–458. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04582.x
  • Fairbanks, G. (1954). Systematic research in experimental phonetics: 1. A theory of the speech mechanism as a servosystem. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 19, 133–139. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.173
  • Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Buccino, G., Craighero, L., Fadiga, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (2001). Cortical mechanism for the visual guidance of hand grasping movements in the monkey: A reversible inactivation study. Brain, 124(3), 571–586. doi:10.1093/brain/124.3.571
  • Foss, D. J., & Swinney, D. A. (1973). On the psychological reality of the phoneme: Perception, identification, and consciousness. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12(3), 246–257. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(73)80069-6
  • Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory?. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 127–138. doi:10.1038/nrn2787
  • Fromkin, V.A. (1971). The non-anomalous nature of anomalous utterances. Language, 47(1), 27–52. doi:10.2307/412187
  • Garrett, M. F. (1975). The analysis of sentence production. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (vol. 9, pp. 133–177). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Giraud, A. L., & Poeppel, D. (2012). Cortical oscillations and speech processing: Emerging computational principles and operations. Nature Neuroscience, 15(4), 511–517. doi:10.1038/nn.3063
  • Goldinger, S. D., & Azuma, T. (2003). Puzzle-solving science: The quixotic quest for units in speech perception. Journal of Phonetics, 31(3–4), 305–320. doi:10.1016/S0095-4470(03)00030-5
  • Golfinopoulos, E., Tourville, J. A., & Guenther, F. H. (2010). The integration of large-scale neural network modeling and functional brain imaging in speech motor control. Neuroimage, 52(3), 862–874. doi:S1053-8119(09)01094-5 [pii]
  • Goodglass, H. (1992). Diagnosis of conduction aphasia. In S. E. Kohn (Ed.), Conduction aphasia (pp. 39–49). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Gracco, V. L. (1994). Some organizational characteristics of speech movement control. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 37(1), 4–27. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7965062
  • Gracco, V. L., & Lofqvist, A. (1994). Speech motor coordination and control: Evidence from lip, jaw, and laryngeal movements. Journal of Neuroscience, 14(11 Pt 1), 6585–6597.
  • Grafton, S. T. (2010). The cognitive neuroscience of prehension: Recent developments. Experimental Brain Research, 204(4), 475–491. doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2315-2
  • Grafton, S. T., Aziz-Zadeh, L., & Ivry, R. B. (2009). Relative hierarchies and the representation of action. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (4th ed., pp. 641–652). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Grafton, S. T., & Hamilton, A. F. (2007). Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action representation in the brain. Human Movement Science, 26(4), 590–616. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2007.05.009
  • Graybiel, A. M. (2008). Habits, rituals, and the evaluative brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 31, 359–387. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112851
  • Greenberg, S. (1996). Understanding speech understanding: Towards a unified theory of speech perception. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the ESCA Tutorial and Advanced Research Workshop on the Auditory Basis of Speech Perception, Keele, UK.
  • Greenberg, S., & Arai, T. (2004). What are the essential cues for understanding spoken language? IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E87-D, 1059–1070.
  • Grefkes, C., & Fink, G. R. (2005). The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and monkeys. Journal of Anatomy, 207(1), 3–17. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00426.x
  • Grossberg, S. (2003). Resonant neural dynamics of speech perception. Journal of Phonetics, 31, 423–445. doi:10.1016/S0095-4470(03)00051-2
  • Guenther, F. H. (1995). Speech sound acquisition, coarticulation, and rate effects in a neural network model of speech production. Psychology Review, 102(3), 594–621. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.3.594
  • Guenther, F. H. (2006). Cortical interactions underlying the production of speech sounds. The Journal of Communication Disorders, 39(5), 350–365. doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.06.013
  • Guenther, F. H., Espy-Wilson, C. Y., Boyce, S. E., Matthies, M. L., Zandipour, M., & Perkell, J. S. (1999). Articulatory tradeoffs reduce acoustic variability during American English /r/ production. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105(5), 2854–2865. doi:10.1121/1.426900
  • Guenther, F. H., Ghosh, S. S., & Tourville, J. A. (2006). Neural modeling and imaging of the cortical interactions underlying syllable production. Brain and Language, 96(3), 280–301. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2005.06.001
  • Guenther, F. H., Hampson, M., & Johnson, D. (1998). A theoretical investigation of reference frames for the planning of speech movements. Psychological Review, 105(4), 611–633. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.105.4.611-633
  • Halsband, U., & Lange, R. K. (2006). Motor learning in man: A review of functional and clinical studies. [Review]. Journal of Physiology (Paris), 99(4–6), 414–424. doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2006.03.007
  • Hanley, J. R., Dell, G. S., Kay, J., & Baron, R. (2004). Evidence for the involvement of a nonlexical route in the repetition of familiar words: A comparison of single and dual route models of auditory repetition. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 21(2), 147–158. doi:10.1080/02643290342000339
  • Hartsuiker, R. J., Kolk, H. H. J., & Martensen, H. (2005). The division of labor between internal and external speech monitoring. In R. J. Hartsuiker, R. Bastiaanse, A. Postma & F. Wijnen (Eds.), Phonological encoding and monitoring in normal and pathological speech (pp. 187–205). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Haruno, M., Wolpert, D. M., & Kawato, M. (2003). Hierarchical MOSAIC for movement generation. International Congress Series, 1250, 575–590. doi:10.1016/S0531-5131(03)00190-0
  • Heinks-Maldonado, T. H., Nagarajan, S. S., & Houde, J. F. (2006). Magnetoencephalographic evidence for a precise forward model in speech production. Neuroreport, 17(13), 1375–1379. doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000233102.43526.e9
  • Hickok, G. (2000). Speech perception, conduction aphasia, and the functional neuroanatomy of language. In Y. Grodzinsky, L. Shapiro, & D. Swinney (Eds.), Language and the Brain (pp. 87–104). San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Hickok, G. (2009). Eight problems for the mirror neuron theory of action understanding in monkeys and humans. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21(7), 1229–1243. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21189
  • Hickok, G. (2012a). Computational neuroanatomy of speech production. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(2), 135–145. doi:10.1038/nrg3118
  • Hickok, G. (2012b). The cortical organization of speech processing: Feedback control and predictive coding the context of a dual-stream model. The Journal of Communication Disorders, 45, 393–402. doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2012.06.004
  • Hickok, G., Buchsbaum, B., Humphries, C., & Muftuler, T. (2003). Auditory-motor interaction revealed by fMRI: Speech, music, and working memory in area Spt. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 673–682. doi:10.1162/089892903322307393
  • Hickok, G., Costanzo, M., Capasso, R., & Miceli, G. (2011). The role of Broca's area in speech perception: Evidence from aphasia revisited. Brain and Language, 119(3), 214–220. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2011.08.001
  • Hickok, G., Erhard, P., Kassubek, J., Helms-Tillery, A. K., Naeve-Velguth, S., Strupp, J. P., … Ugurbil, K. (2000). A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the role of left posterior superior temporal gyrus in speech production: Implications for the explanation of conduction aphasia. Neuroscience Letters, 287, 156–160. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01143-5
  • Hickok, G., Houde, J., & Rong, F. (2011). Sensorimotor integration in speech processing: Computational basis and neural organization. Neuron, 69(3), 407–422. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.019
  • Hickok, G., Okada, K., Barr, W., Pa, J., Rogalsky, C., Donnelly, K., … Grant, A. (2008). Bilateral capacity for speech sound processing in auditory comprehension: Evidence from Wada procedures. Brain and Language, 107(3), 179–184. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2008.09.006
  • Hickok, G., Okada, K., & Serences, J. T. (2009). Area Spt in the human planum temporale supports sensory-motor integration for speech processing. Journal of Neurophysiology, 101(5), 2725–2732. doi:10.1152/jn.91099.2008
  • Hickok, G., & Poeppel, D. (2000). Towards a functional neuroanatomy of speech perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(4), 131–138. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01463-7
  • Hickok, G., & Poeppel, D. (2004). Dorsal and ventral streams: A framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language. Cognition, 92(1–2), 67–99. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.011
  • Hickok, G., & Poeppel, D. (2007). The cortical organization of speech processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(5), 393–402. doi:10.1038/nrn2113
  • Holt, L. L., Lotto, A. J., & Kluender, K. R. (2000). Neighboring spectral content influences vowel identification. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108(2), 710–722. doi:10.1121/1.429604
  • Houde, J. F., & Jordan, M. I. (1998). Sensorimotor adaptation in speech production. Science, 279, 1213–1216. doi:10.1126/science.279.5354.1213
  • Houde, J. F., & Nagarajan, S. S. (2011). Speech production as state feedback control. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00082
  • Houde, J. F., Nagarajan, S. S., Sekihara, K., & Merzenich, M. M. (2002). Modulation of the auditory cortex during speech: An MEG study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(8), 1125–1138. doi:10.1162/089892902760807140
  • Howard, D., & Nickels, L. (2005). Separating input and output phonology: Semantic, phonological, and orthographic effects in short-term memory impairment. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 22, 42–77. doi:10.1080/02643290342000582
  • Huettig, F., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2010). Listening to yourself is like listening to others: External, but not internal, verbal self-monitoring is based on speech perception. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(3), 347–374. doi:10.1080/01690960903046926
  • Jackson, J. H. (1887). Remarks on evolution and dissolution of the nervous system. Journal of Mental Science, 33, 25–48.
  • Jacquemot, C., Dupoux, E., & Bachoud-Levi, A. C. (2007). Breaking the mirror: Asymmetrical disconnection between the phonological input and output codes. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 24(1), 3–22. doi:10.1080/02643290600683342
  • Jazayeri, M., & Movshon, J. A. (2006). Optimal representation of sensory information by neural populations. Nature Neuroscience, 9(5), 690–696. doi:10.1038/nn1691;[pii].
  • Jazayeri, M., & Movshon, J. A. (2007). A new perceptual illusion reveals mechanisms of sensory decoding. Nature, 446, 912–915. doi:10.1038/nature05739
  • Jeannerod, M., Arbib, M. A., Rizzolatti, G., & Sakata, H. (1995). Grasping objects: The cortical mechanisms of visuomotor transformation. Trends in Neurosciences, 18(7), 314–320. doi:016622369593921J [pii]
  • Jescheniak, J. D., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1994). Word frequency effects in speech production: Retrieval of syntactic information and of phonological form. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 824–843. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.20.4.824
  • Kappes, J., Baumgaertner, A., Peschke, C., & Ziegler, W. (2009). Unintended imitation in nonword repetition. Brain and Language, 111(3), 140–151. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2009.08.008
  • Kawato, M. (1999a). Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 9(6), 718–727. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00028-8
  • Kawato, M. (1999b). Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 9(6), 718–727. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00028-8 [pii]
  • Knolle, F., Schroger, E., Baess, P., & Kotz, S. A. (2012). The cerebellum generates motor-to-auditory predictions: ERP lesion evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(3), 698–706. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00167
  • Kuhl, P. K. (2010). Brain mechanisms in early language acquisition. Neuron, 67(5), 713–727. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.038
  • Kuhl, P. K., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1996). Infant vocalizations in response to speech: Vocal imitation and developmental change. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100(4 Pt 1), 2425–2438. doi:10.1121/1.417951
  • Kuhl, P. K., & Miller, J. D. (1975). Speech perception by the chinchilla: Voiced-voiceless distinction in alveolar plosive consonants. Science, 190, 69–72. doi:10.1126/science.1166301
  • Lackner, J. R., & Tuller, B. H. (1979). Role of efference monitoring in the detection of self-produced speech errors. In W. E. Cooper & E. C. T. Walker (Eds.), Sentence processing (pp. 281–294). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Larson, C. R., Burnett, T. A., Bauer, J. J., Kiran, S., & Hain, T. C. (2001). Comparison of voice F0 responses to pitch-shift onset and offset conditions. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 110(6), 2845–2848. doi:10.1121/1.1417527
  • Lenneberg, E. H. (1962). Understanding language without ability to speak: A case report. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 419–425. doi:10.1037/h0041906
  • Levelt, W. J. (1983). Monitoring and self-repair in speech. Cognition, 14(1), 41–104. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(83)90026-4
  • Levelt, W. J., & Wheeldon, L. (1994). Do speakers have access to a mental syllabary? Cognition, 50(1–3), 239–269. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90030-2
  • Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Levelt, W. J. M. (1999). Models of word production. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 223–232. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01319-4
  • Levelt, W. J. M., Praamstra, P., Meyer, A. S., Helenius, P., & Salmelin, R. (1998). An MEG study of picture naming. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 553–567. doi:10.1162/089892998562960
  • Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S. (1999). A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 22(1), 1–75. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11301520
  • Lichtheim, L. (1885). On aphasia. Brain, 7, 433–484. doi:10.1093/brain/7.4.433
  • Luce, P. A., Goldinger, S. D., Auer, E. T., Jr., & Vitevitch, M. S. (2000). Phonetic priming, neighborhood activation, and PARSYN. Perception & Psychophysics, 62(3), 615–625. doi:10.3758/BF03212113
  • Marslen-Wilson, W., & Tyler, L. K. (1980). The temporal structure of spoken language understanding. Cognition, 8(1), 1–71. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(80)90015-3
  • Martin, R. C., Lesch, M. F., & Bartha, M. C. (1999). Independence of input and output phonology in word processing and short-term memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 3–29. doi:10.1006/jmla.1999.2637
  • Massaro, D. W. (1972). Preperceptual images, processing time, and perceptual units in auditory perception. Psychology Review, 79(2), 124–145. doi:10.1037/h0032264
  • McClelland, J. L., & Elman, J. L. (1986). The TRACE model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 18, 1–86. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(86)90015-0
  • McGettigan, C., Warren, J. E., Eisner, F., Marshall, C. R., Shanmugalingam, P., & Scott, S. K. (2011). Neural correlates of sublexical processing in phonological working memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(4), 961–977. doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21491
  • Meister, I. G., Wilson, S. M., Deblieck, C., Wu, A. D., & Iacoboni, M. (2007). The essential role of premotor cortex in speech perception. Current Biology, 17(19), 1692–1696. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.064
  • Miller, G. A., Heise, G. A., & Lichten, W. (1951). The intelligibility of speech as a function of the context of the test materials. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41(5), 329–335. doi:10.1037/h0062491
  • Milner, A. D., & Goodale, M. A. (1995). The visual brain in action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Motley, M. T., Camden, C. T., & Baars, B. J. (1982). Covert formulation and editing of anomalies in speech production: Evidence from experimentally elicited slips of the tongue. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21(5), 578–594. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(82)90791-5
  • Nickels, L., & Howard, D. (1995). Phonological errors in aphasic naming: Comprehension, monitoring and lexicality. Cortex, 31(2), 209–237. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(13)80360-7
  • Niziolek, C. A., & Guenther, F. H. (2013). Vowel category boundaries enhance cortical and behavioral responses to speech feedback alterations. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(29), 12090–12098. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1008-13.2013
  • Norris, D. (1994). Shortlist: A connectionist model of continuous speech recognition. Cognition, 52, 189–234. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90043-4
  • Nozari, N., Dell, G. S., & Schwartz, M. F. (2011). Is comprehension necessary for error detection? A conflict-based account of monitoring in speech production. Cognitive Psychology, 63(1), 1–33. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2011.05.001
  • Nozari, N., Kittredge, A. K., Dell, G. S., & Schwartz, M. F. (2010). Naming and repetition in aphasia: Steps, routes, and frequency effects. Journal of Memory and Language, 63(4), 541–559. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2010.08.001
  • Nusbaum, H. C., & DeGroot, J. (1991). The role of syllables in speech perception. In M. S. Ziolkowski, M. Noske & K. Deaton (Eds.), Papers from the parasession on the syllable in phonetics and phonology. Chicago, IL: Chicago Linguistic Society. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/283594/The_Role_of_Syllables_In_Speech_Perception
  • Obleser, J., Wise, R. J., Alex Dresner, M., & Scott, S. K. (2007). Functional integration across brain regions improves speech perception under adverse listening conditions. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(9), 2283–2289. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4663-06.2007
  • Oldfield, R. C., & Wingfield, A. (1965). Response latencies in naming objects. Quarterly Journal Of Experimental Psychology, 17(4), 273–281.
  • Oppenheim, G. M., & Dell, G. S. (2008). Inner speech slips exhibit lexical bias, but not the phonemic similarity effect. Cognition, 106(1), 528–537.
  • Ozdemir, R., Roelofs, A., & Levelt, W. J. (2007). Perceptual uniqueness point effects in monitoring internal speech. Cognition, 105(2), 457–465.
  • Perkell, J., Matthies, M., Lane, H., Guenther, F., Wilhelms-Tricarico, R., Wozniak, J., & Guiod, P. (1997). Speech motor control: Acoustic goals, saturation effects, auditory feedback and internal models. Speech Communication, 22, 227–250. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393(97)00026-5
  • Perkell, J. S. (2012). Movement goals and feedback and feedforward control mechanisms in speech production. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 25(5), 382–407. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2010.02.011
  • Plaut, D. C., & Kello, C. T. (1999). The emergence of phonology from the interplay of speech comprehension and production: A distributed connectionist approach. In B. MacWhinney (Ed.), The emergence of language (pp. 381–416). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Poeppel, D. (2003). The analysis of speech in different temporal integration windows: Cerebral lateralization as “asymmetric sampling in time”. Speech Communication, 41, 245–255. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393(02)00107-3
  • Poljak, S. (1926). The connections of the acoustic nerve. Journal of Anatomy, 60, 465–469.
  • Postma, A. (2000). Detection of errors during speech production: A review of speech monitoring models. Cognition, 77(2), 97–132. doi:S0010-0277(00)00090-1 [pii]
  • Preilowski, B. (1977). Phases of motor skills acquisition: A neuropsychological approach. Human Movement Studies, 3, 169–181.
  • Rauschecker, J. P. (1998). Cortical processing of complex sounds. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 8(4), 516–521. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9751652
  • Rauschecker, J. P., & Scott, S. K. (2009). Maps and streams in the auditory cortex: Nonhuman primates illuminate human speech processing. Nature Neuroscience, 12(6), 718–724. doi:nn.2331 [pii]
  • Regan, D., & Beverley, K. I. (1985). Postadaptation orientation discrimination. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2(2), 147–155.
  • Rizzolatti, G., & Arbib, M. (1998). Language within our grasp. Trends in Neurosciences, 21, 188–194. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01260-0
  • Rogalsky, C., Love, T., Driscoll, D., Anderson, S. W., & Hickok, G. (2011). Are mirror neurons the basis of speech perception? Evidence from five cases with damage to the purported human mirror system. Neurocase, 17(2), 178–187. doi:931806807 [pii]
  • Rogalsky, C., Pitz, E., Hillis, A. E., & Hickok, G. (2008). Auditory word comprehension impairment in acute stroke: Relative contribution of phonemic versus semantic factors. Brain and Language, 107(2), 167–169. doi:S0093-934X(08)00111-9 [pii]
  • Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). A general framework for parallel distributed processing. In D. E. Rumelhart & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition (pp. 45–76). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Sancier, M. L., & Fowler, C. A. (1997). Gestural drift in a bilingual speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and English. Journal of Phonetics, 25(4), 421–436.
  • Sanes, J. N., Mauritz, K. H., Evarts, E. V., Dalakas, M. C., & Chu, A. (1984). Motor deficits in patients with large-fiber sensory neuropathy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 81(3), 979–982.
  • Savin, H. B., & Bever, T. G. (1970). The nonperceptual reality of the phoneme. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9(3), 295–302.
  • Schneider, G. E. (1969). Two visual systems. Science, 163(3870), 895–902.
  • Scolari, M., & Serences, J. T. (2009). Adaptive allocation of attentional gain. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(38), 11933–11942. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5642-08.2009.
  • Shadmehr, R., & Krakauer, J. W. (2008). A computational neuroanatomy for motor control. Experimental Brain Research, 185(3), 359–381
  • Shadmehr, R., & Mussa-Ivaldi, F. A. (1994). Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task. Journal of Neuroscience, 14(5 Pt 2), 3208–3224. doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1280-5
  • Shadmehr, R., Smith, M. A., & Krakauer, J. W. (2010). Error correction, sensory prediction, and adaptation in motor control. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 33, 89–108. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153135
  • Shelton, J. R., & Caramazza, A. (1999). Deficits in lexical and semantic processing: Implications for models of normal language. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6, 5–27. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12199314
  • Stevens, K. N. (2002). Toward a model for lexical access based on acoustic landmarks and distinctive features. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 111, 1872–1891. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12002871
  • Stuart, A., Kalinowski, J., Rastatter, M. P., & Lynch, K. (2002). Effect of delayed auditory feedback on normal speakers at two speech rates. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111 (5 Pt 1), 2237–2241.
  • Summerfield, C., & Egner, T. (2009). Expectation (and attention) in visual cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(9), 403–409. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.003
  • Tian, X., & Poeppel, D. (2010). Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 166. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00166
  • Tourville, J. A., Reilly, K. J., & Guenther, F. H. (2008). Neural mechanisms underlying auditory feedback control of speech. Neuroimage, 39(3), 1429–1443. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.054
  • Tremblay, S., Shiller, D. M., & Ostry, D. J. (2003). Somatosensory basis of speech production. Nature, 423(6942), 866–869. doi:10.1038/nature01710
  • Trevarthen, C. B. (1968). Two mechanisms of vision in primates. Psychologische Forschung 31(4), 299–337.
  • Ullman, M. T. (2004). Contributions of memory circuits to language: The declarative/procedural model. Cognition, 92(1–2), 231–270. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.008
  • Ungerleider, L. G., & Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In D. J. Ingle, M. A. Goodale & R. J. W. Mansfield (Eds.), Analysis of visual behavior (pp. 549–586). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Vaden, K. I., Jr., Piquado, T., & Hickok, G. (2011). Sublexical properties of spoken words modulate activity in Broca's area but not superior temporal cortex: Implications for models of speech recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(10), 2665–2674. doi:10.1162/jocn.2011.21620
  • Ventura, M. I., Nagarajan, S. S., & Houde, J. F. (2009). Speech target modulates speaking induced suppression in auditory cortex. BMC Neuroscience, 10, 58. doi:1471-2202-10-58
  • Vigliocco, G., Antonini, T., & Garrett, M. F. (1998). Grammatical gender is on the tip of Italian tongues. Psychological Science, 8, 314–317. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00444.x
  • Vigliocco, G., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2002). The interplay of meaning, sound, and syntax in sentence production. Psychological Bulletin, 128(3), 442–472.
  • Wernicke, C. (1874/1969). The symptom complex of aphasia: A psychological study on an anatomical basis. In R. S. Cohen & M. W. Wartofsky (Eds.), Boston studies in the philosophy of science (pp. 34–97). Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
  • Wernicke, C. (1874/1977). Der aphasische symptomencomplex: Eine psychologische studie auf anatomischer basis. [The symptom complex of aphasia: A psychological study on an anatomical basis]. In G. H. Eggert (Ed.), Wernicke's works on aphasia: A sourcebook and review (pp. 91–145). The Hague: Mouton.
  • Wilson, S. M. (2009). Speech perception when the motor system is compromised. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13(8), 329–330.
  • Wilson, S. M., Saygin, A. P., Sereno, M. I., & Iacoboni, M. (2004). Listening to speech activates motor areas involved in speech production. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 701–702. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15184903
  • Wolpert, D. M., Doya, K., & Kawato, M. (2003). A unifying computational framework for motor control and social interaction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 358(1431), 593–602. doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1238
  • Wolpert, D. M., Ghahramani, Z., & Jordan, M. I. (1995). An internal model for sensorimotor integration. Science, 269(5232), 1880–1882. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569931
  • Yates, A. J. (1963). Delayed auditory feedback. Psychological Bulletin, 60, 213–251. doi:10.1037/h0044155

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.