Uncertainty in contact angle estimates from a Wilhelmy tensiometer

References

• Adamson AW. Physical chemistry of surfaces. 5th ed. New York (NY): Wiley; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Hiemenz PC, Rajagopalan R. Principles of colloid and surface science. 3rd ed. New York (NY): CRC Press; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson RE Jr., Dettre RH, Brandreth DA. Wettability as a measure of contamination. Contam. Control. 1968;7:14–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu S. Polymer interface and adhesion. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker; 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Wilhelmy L. Ueber die Abhängigkeit der Capillaritäts-Constanten des Alkohols von Substanz und Gestalt des benetzten festen Körpers [On the dependence of capillarity constants of alcohols from the substance and shape of the wetted solid bodies]. Ann. Phys. 1863;195:177–217.10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3889
   Google Scholar
• Extrand CW, Moon SI. Measuring contact angles inside of capillary tubes with a tensiometer. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2014;431:200–203.10.1016/j.jcis.2014.06.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappuis J, Georges J-M. Contribution a l’Ètude du Mouillage – Analyse d’une Méthode de Mesure [Contribution to the study of wetting – analysis of measurement method]. J. Chim. Phys. 1974;71:567–575.
   Google Scholar
• Martin DA, Vogler EA. Immersion depth independent computer analysis of Wilhelmy balance hysteresis curves. Langmuir. 1991;7:422–429.10.1021/la00050a037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabretto M, Ralston J, Sedev R. Contact angle measurements using the Wilhelmy balance for asymmetrically treated samples. J. Adh. Sci. Tech. 2004;18:29–37.10.1163/156856104322746983
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson RE Jr, Dettre RH. Wettability and contact angles. In: Matijević E, editor. Surface and colloid science. 2. New York (NY): Wiley; 1969. p. 85–153.
   Google Scholar
• Mahadevan L, Pomeau Y. Rolling droplets. Phys. Fluids. 1999;11:2449–2453.10.1063/1.870107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Extrand CW. Model for contact angles and hysteresis on rough and ultraphobic surfaces. Langmuir. 2002;18:7991–7999.10.1021/la025769z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorrer C, Rühe J. Advancing and receding motion of droplets on ultrahydrophobic post surfaces. Langmuir. 2006;22:7652–7657.
   Google Scholar
• Gao L, McCarthy TJ. A commercially available perfectly hydrophobic material (θa/θr = 180°/180°). Langmuir. 2007;23:9125–9127.10.1021/la701097k
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patankar NA. Hysteresis with regard to Cassie and Wenzel states on superhydrophobic surfaces. Langmuir. 2010;26:7498–7503.10.1021/la904286k
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Extrand CW, Moon SI. When sessile drops are no longer small: transitions from spherical to fully flattened. Langmuir. 2010;26:11815–11822.10.1021/la1005133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Extrand CW, Moon SI. Contact angles of liquid drops on super hydrophobic surfaces: understanding the role of flattening of drops by gravity. Langmuir. 2010;26:17090–17099.10.1021/la102566c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan S, McKinley GH, Cohen RE. Assessing the accuracy of contact angle measurements for sessile drops on liquid-repellent surfaces. Langmuir. 2011;27:13582–13589.10.1021/la2031208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mack GL. The determination of contact angles from measurements of the dimensions of small bubbles and drops. I. The spheroidal segment method for acute angles. J. Phys. Chem. 1936;40:159–167.
   Google Scholar
• Mack GL, Lee DA. The determination of contact angles from measurements of the dimensions of small bubbles and drops. II. The sessile drop method for obtuse angles. J. Phys. Chem. 1936;40:169–176.
   Google Scholar
• Bartell FE, Zuidema HH. Wetting characteristics of solids of low surface tension such as talc, waxes and resins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936;58:1449–1454.10.1021/ja01299a041
   Google Scholar
• Bikerman JJ. Contact Angles of “Built-up” Multilayers. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1940;35:412–417.10.1039/tf9403500412
   Google Scholar
• Miller B, Young RA. Methodology for studying the wettability of filaments. Text. Res J. 1975;45:359–365.10.1177/004051757504500501
   Google Scholar
• Tretinnikov ON, Ikada Y. Dynamic wetting and contact angle hysteresis of polymer surfaces studied with the modified Wilhelmy balance method. Langmuir. 1994;10:1606–1614.10.1021/la00017a047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor JR. An introduction to error analysis. 2nd ed. Sausalito (CA): University Science Books; 1997.
   Google Scholar