Effect of titanium dioxide nanotubes on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of the low-viscosity bulk-fill composite

References

• Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, et al. Long-term sorption and solubility of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites in water and artificial saliva. J Dent. 2015;43:1511–1518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Safty S, Silikas N, Watts DJ. Creep deformation of restorative resin-composites intended for bulk-fill placement. Dent Mater. 2012;28:928–935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah PK, Stansbury JW. Photopolymerization shrinkage-stress reduction in polymer-based dental restoratives by surface modification of fillers. Dent Mater. 2021;37:578–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilie N, Hickel RJ. Silorane-based dental composite: behavior and abilities. Dent Mater J. 2006;25:445–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas G, Fleming G, Harrington E, et al. Cuspal movement and microleakage in premolar teeth restored with a packable composite cured in bulk or in increments. J Dent. 2003;31:437–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czasch P, Ilie N. In vitro comparison of mechanical properties and degree of cure of bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17:227–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilie N, Bucuta S, Draenert M. Bulk-fill resin-based composites: an in vitro assessment of their mechanical performance. Op Dent. 2013;38:618–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin X, Bertrand S, Hammesfahr PD. New radically polymerizable resins with remarkably low curing stress. J Dent Res. 2009;88:1651.
   Google Scholar
• Kim RJY, Kim YJ, Choi NS, et al. Polymerization shrinkage, modulus, and shrinkage stress related to tooth-restoration interfacial debonding in bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2015;43:430–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi RL. Review of the current status and challenges for dental posterior restorative composites: clinical, chemistry, and physical behavior considerations. Dent Mater. 2005;21:3–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mjör IA, Moorhead JE, Dahl JE. Reasons for replacement of restorations in permanent teeth in general dental practice. Int Dent J. 2000;50(6):361–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardo M, Luis H, Martin MD, et al. Survival and reasons for failure of amalgam versus composite posterior restorations placed in a randomized clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007;138(6):775–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drummond JL. Degradation, fatigue, and failure of resin dental composite materials. J Dent Res. 2008;87(8):710–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demarco FF, Collares K, Correa MB, et al. Should my composite restorations last forever? Why are they failing? Braz Oral Res. 2017;31(suppl 1):e56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padovani GC, Fucio S, Ambrosano GM, et al. In situ bacterial accumulation on dental restorative materials. CLSM/COMSTAT Analysis. American J Dent. 2015;28:3–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konishi N, Torii Y, Kurosaki A, et al. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of early plaque formed on resin composite and human enamel. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30(8):790–795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nedeljkovic I, Teughels W, De Munck J, et al. Is secondary caries with composites a material-based problem? Dent Mater. 2015;31:e247–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawashita M, Tsuneyama S, Miyaji F, et al. Antibacterial silver-containing silica glass prepared by sol-gel method. Biomaterials. 2000;21:393–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salman TA, Khalaf HA. The influence of adding of modified ZrO2-TiO2 nanoparticles on certain physical and mechanical properties of heat polymerized acrylic resin. J Baghdad Collage Dent. 2015;27:33–39.
   Google Scholar
• Tolou NB, Fathi M, Monshi A, et al. The effect of adding TiO2 nanoparticles on dental amalgam properties. Iran J Mater Sci& Engi. 2013;10:46–56.
   Google Scholar
• Ai M, Du Z, Zhu S, et al. Composite resin reinforced with silver nanoparticles-laden hydroxyapatite nanowires for dental application. Dent Mater. 2017;33:12–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto K, Tamura J, Shinzato S, et al. Bioactive bone cements containing nano-sized titania particles for use as bone substitutes. Biomaterials. 2005;26:6496–6505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moszner N, Salz UJ. New developments of polymeric dental composites. Progress Polym Sci. 2001;26:535–576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia Y, Zhang F, Xie H, et al. Nanoparticle-reinforced resin-based dental composites. J Dent. 2008;36:450–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Forster AM, Johnson PM, et al. Improving performance of dental resins by adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Dent Mater. 2011;27:972–982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dafar MO, Grol MW, Canham PB, et al. Reinforcement of flowable dental composites with titanium dioxide nanotubes. Dent Mater. 2016;32(6):817–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poosti M, Ramazanzadeh B, Zebarjad M, et al. Shear bond strength and antibacterial effects of orthodontic composite containing TiO2 nanoparticles. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:676–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsaka SE, Hamouda IM, Swain MV. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles addition to a conventional glass-ionomer restorative: influence on physical and antibacterial properties. J Dent. 2011;39:589–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acosta-Torres LS, López-Marín LM, Nunez-Anita RE, et al. Biocompatible metal-oxide nanoparticles: nanotechnology improvement of conventional prosthetic acrylic resins. J Nanomaterials. 2011;8:2011.
   Google Scholar
• Pinto D, Bernardo L, Amaro A, et al. Mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites using titanium dioxide as reinforcement–a review. Construc and Build Mater. 2015;95:506–524.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng L, Zhang K, Weir MD, et al. Nanotechnology strategies for antibacterial and remineralizing composites and adhesives to tackle dental caries. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2015;10:627–641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Mahendra S, Lyon DY, et al. Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: potential applications and implications. Water Res. 2008;42:4591–4602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Watson SS, Allsopp DA, et al. Tuning photo-catalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using dimethacrylate resins. Dent Mater. 2016;32:363–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO 4049. Dentistry-Polymer-Based restorative materials. International Organization for Standardization. 2009;4:1–28.
   Google Scholar
• Lassila L, Keulemans F, Vallittu PK, et al. Characterization of restorative short-fiber reinforced dental composites. Dent Mater J. 2020;39:992–999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ou HH, Lo SL. Review of titania nanotubes synthesized via the hydrothermal treatment: fabrication, modification, and application. Separ Purific Tech. 2007;58:179–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima RB, Troconis CC, Moreno MB, et al. Depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites: a systematic review. J Esth Rest Dent. 2018;30:492–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorzin J, Maier E, Harre S, et al. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization properties and extended light curing. Dent Mater. 2015;31:293–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelić K, Matić S, Marović D, et al. Microhardness of bulk-fill composite materials. Acta Clin Croat. 2016;55:607–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapas-Barisic M, Gamulin O, Panduric V, et al. Long term degree of conversion of two bulk-fill composites. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2016;50:292–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap AU, Pandya M, Toh WS. Depth of cure of contemporary bulk-fill resin-based composites. Dent Mater J. 2016;35:503–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia D, Yaman P, Dennison J, et al. Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk fill flowable composite resins. Oper Dent. 2014;39:441–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonson SA, Yazici AR, Kilinc E, et al. Comparison of different finishing/polishing systems on surface roughness and gloss of resin composites. J Dent. 2011;39:e9–e17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim KH, Ong JL, Okuno OJ. The effect of filler loading and morphology on the mechanical properties of contemporary composites. J Prosth Dent. 2002;87:642–649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaled S, Miron RJ, Hamilton DW, et al. Reinforcement of resin based cement with titania nanotubes. Dent Mater. 2010;26(2):169–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heintze S, Forjanic M, Rousson VJ. Surface roughness and gloss of dental materials as a function of force and polishing time in vitro. Dent Mater. 2006;22(2):146–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Q, Huang S, Liang X, et al. The antibacterial, cytotoxic, and flexural properties of a composite resin containing a quaternary ammonium monomer. J Prosth Dent. 2018;120:609–616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing Z, Guo D, Wang W, et al. Comparative study of titania nanoparticles and nanotubes as antibacterial agents. Solid State Sci. 2011;13:1797–1803.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florez FL, Hiers RD, Larson P, et al. Antibacterial dental adhesive resins containing nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2018;93:931–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar