Ministers and Mandarins under Danish Parliamentarism

REFERENCES

• 1. Aberbach, J. D.; Putnam, Robert D.; Rockman, Bert A. Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1981; Aberbach, J. D. Introduction: Administration in an Era of Change. Governance 2003, 16, 315–319; see Svara introductory article in this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Strøm , K. 2000 . Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies . European Journal of Political Research , 37 ( 3 ) : 265
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , Johan P. 1978 . “ Folkestyre, Byråkrati og korporativisme—skisse av et organisasjonsteoretisk perspektiv ” . In Politisk organisering , Edited by: Olsen , Johan P. 13 – 114 . Oslo : Universitetsforlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Strøm , K. 2000 . Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies . European Journal of Political Research , 37 ( 3 ) : 261 – 289 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damgaard , Erik . 2000 . “ Parliament and Government ” . In Beyond Westminster and Congress: The Nordic Experience , Edited by: Esaiasson , Peter and Heidar , Knut . 265 – 280 . Columbus, OH : Ohio State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , Jørgen Grønnegaard . 2001 . “ Bureaucratic Autonomy as a Political Asset ” . In Politicians, Bureaucrats and Administrative Reform , Edited by: Peters , B. Guy and Pierre , Jon . 119 – 141 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gammeltoft-Hansen , H. , Anderson , J. , Engberg , M. , Larsen , K. , Loiborg , K. and Olsen , J. 2003 . Forvaltningsret , 2nd , 138 – 139 . Copenhagen : Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag .
   Google Scholar
• 8. Betænkning 1443. Embedsmænds rådgivning og bistand. Betænkning fra udvalget om embedsmænds rådgivning og bistand til regeringen og dens ministre. Schultz Information: Copenhagen, 2004; 138–139 (English summary in Civil Service Advice and Assistance Report of the Expert Committee on Civil Service Advice and Assistance to the Government and Its Ministers.)
   Google Scholar
• Moe , T. M. and Caldwell , M. 1994 . The Institutional Foundations of Democratic Government: A Comparison of Presidential and Parliamentary Systems . Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics , 150 : 171 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• www.folketinget.dk-2000-01 - F 20 16.1. 2001
   Google Scholar
• 11. Finance Committee, 1993 Aktstykke No. 144, February 26, 1993 to Folketingets Finansudvalg.
   Google Scholar
• 12. Betænkning 1354. Forholdet mellem minister og embedsmænd. Betænkning fra udvalget om forholdet mellem minister og embedsmænd. Statens Information: Copenhagen, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• http://www.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/MENU/00000002.htm
   Google Scholar
• 14. Betænkning 1443. Embedsmænds rådgivning og bistand. Betænkning fra udvalget om embedsmænds rådgivning og bistand til regeringen og dens ministre. Schultz Information: Copenhagen, 2004; 183–184 (English summary in Civil Service Advice and Assistance Report of the Expert Committee on Civil Service Advice and Assistance to the Government and Its Ministers.)
   Google Scholar
• Horn , M. J. 1995 . The Political Economy of Public Administration , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• 16. Christensen, J. G. Centraladministrationen: Organisation og politisk placering: Samfundsvidenskabeligt Forlag: Copenhagen, 1980; Christensen, Jørgen Grønnegaard. Political Responsiveness in a Merit Bureaucracy. In The Quest for Control: The Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective; Peters, B. Guy, Pierre, Jon Eds.; Routledge: London, 2004; 14–40.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Justice. Redegørelse om visse spørgsmål vedr. embedsmænds rådgivning til regeringen og dens ministre. www.justitsministeriet.dk/nyheder/redegørelser (28.6 2001), Cfr. Betænkning 1443, 2004: 163–165.
   Google Scholar
• 18. For a full account, see Christensen, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• 19. Christensen, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Hood , C. 2002 . Control, Bargains, and Cheating: The Politics of Public Service Reform . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , 12 : 309 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toftegaard , Nielsen , ed. 2001 . “ Parlamentarismens ministre og deres embedsmaend ” . In Parlamentarisme – hvem tog magten? , 49 – 88 . Aarhus : Aarhus Universitetsforlag . For an analysis of this pattern, see Christensen, Jorgen Gronnegaard
   Google Scholar
• 22. Beretning. Beretning afgivet af undersogelsesretten vedrorende visse forhold i forbindelse med Sparekassen Nordjyllands overtagelse af engagementer fra Himmerlandsbanken; 1994; Vol. 1; 423–424; Mølgaard, Eigil. Vagthund og syndebuk. In Personlig beretning om finanskrisen i anmark 1987–95; Børsen: Copenhagen, 2004; 157–161.
   Google Scholar
• 23. Beretning. Beretning afgivet af undersogelsesretten vedrorende visse forhold i forbindelse med Sparekassen Nordjyllands overtagelse af engagementer fra Himmerlandsbanken; 1994; Vol. 1; 434–453.
   Google Scholar
• Peters , B. G. and Pierre , J. , eds. 2004 . The Quest for Control: The Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• 25. Donde, M. Ministerbetjening. En analyse af ministerbetjeningens karakter gennem 1990'erne Department of Political Science (unpublished thesis): Aarhus, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• 26. Betænkning 1443. Embedsmænds rådgivning og bistand. Betænkning fra udvalget om embedsmænds rådgivning og bistand til regeringen og dens ministre. Schultz Information: Copenhagen, 2004; 138–139 (English summary in Civil Service Advice and Assistance Report of the Expert Committee on civil Service Advice and Assistance to the Government and its Ministers). Department of Finance. Regeringens initiativer som følge af betænkning 1443 fra Udvalget om embedsmænds rådgivning og bistand. Pressrelease. June 16, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• http://www.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/MENU/00000002.htm
   Google Scholar
• 28. Aberbach, J. D., 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, Lotte. Denmark: “The Island Culture.” In The Changing World of Top Officials. Mandarins or Valets?; Rhodes, R.A.W., Weller, Patrick, Eds.; Open University Press: Buckingham, 2001; Rhodes, R.A.W. United Kingdom: “Everybody but Us.” In The Changing World of Top Officials. Mandarins or Valets?; Rhodes, R.A.W., Weller, Patrick, Eds.; Open University Press, Buckingham, 2001 www.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/patronage.htm
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , G. K. and Barker , A. 2003 . Bureaucrats and Politicians in Britain . Governance , 16 : 349 – 372 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• 31. Ehn, P.; Isberg, M.; Linde, C.; Wallin, G. Swedish Bureaucracy in an Era of Change. Governance 2003, 16, 429–458; Peters, B. Guy, Pierre, Jon, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Derlien , Hans-Ulrich . 2001 . “ Personalpolitik nach Regierungswechseln ” . In Regieren nach Wahlen , Edited by: Derlien , Hans-Ulrich and Murswieck , Axel . Opladen : Leske + Budrich .
   Google Scholar
• Derlien , H.-U. 2003 . Mandarins or Managers? The Bureaucratic Elite in Bonn, 1970 to 1987 and Beyond . Governance , 16 : 411 [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Vries , Jouke de . 2001 . “ The Netherlands: “Fragmenting Pillars, Fading Collars.” . In The Changing World of Top Officials. Mandarins or Valets? , Edited by: Rhodes , R.A.W. and Weller , Patrick . Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• 35. Rouban, L. La Fin des Technocrats; Presses de Sciences Po: Paris, 1998; Mathiot, P.; Sawicki, F. Les Members des Cabinets Ministériels Socialistes en France; 1981- 1993. Revue Francaise de Science Politique 1999, 49, 3–29, 231–264.
   Google Scholar