REFERENCES
- Avey, J. B., Palanski, M. E., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). When leadership goes unnoticed: The moderating role of follower self-esteem on the relationship between ethical leadership and follower behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(4), 573–582.
- Aydin, U. (2003). Whistle blowing in the labor law [İş Hukuku Açısından İşçinin Bilgi Uçurması]. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 79–100.
- Bagozzi, R. P. (1980). Causal models in marketing. New York, NY: Wiley.
- Barker, T., & Carter, T. (1994). Typology of police deviance. In T. Barker & T. Carter ( Eds.), Police deviance (3rd ed.) ( pp. 3–12). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
- Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349–360.
- Bhal, K. T., & Dadhich, A. (2011). Impact of ethical leadership and leader–member exchange on whistle blowing: The moderating impact of the moral intensity of the issue. Journal of Business Ethics, 103, 485–496.
- Brown, M. E., Trevino, L. K., & Harrison, D. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117–134.
- Caiden, G. E., Dwivedi, O. P., & Jabbra, J. (2001). Where corruption lives. Bloomfield, NJ: Kumarian Press.
- Cooper, C. (2009). Yes Virginia, there is a police code of silence: Prosecuting police officers and the police subculture. The Criminal Law Bulletin, 45, 277, 280.
- Council of Europe. (2001). Police powers and accountability in a democratic society. In J. Kersten (Ed.), Colloquium proceedings (Criminological Research) (pp. 5–13). Strasbourg, France: Author.
- Detert, J. R., Trevino, L. K., Burris, E. R., & Andiappan, M. (2007). Managerial modes of influence and counterproductivity in organizations: A longitudinal business-unit-level investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 993–1005.
- Dillman, D. A. (2000). Mail and internet surveys: The tailored design method. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
- Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The structural equation modeling approach: Basic concepts and fundamental issues. In R. H. Hoyle ( Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications ( pp. 1–15). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
- Huberts, L. W. C., Kaptein, M., & Lasthuizen, K. (2007). A study of the impact of three leadership styles on integrity violations committed by police officers’ policing. An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 30(4), 587–607.
- Huberts, L. W. J. C., Punch, M., & Lamboo, T. (2003). Police integrity in The Netherlands and the United States: Awareness and alertness. Police Practice and Research, 4(3), 217–232.
- Jacocks Jr., A. M., & Bowman, M. D. (2006, April). Developing and sustaining a culture of integrity. The Police Chief, 73(4), 16–22.
- Johnson, R. A. (2005). Whistleblowing and the police. Rutgers University Journal of Law and Urban Policy, 1(3), 74–83.
- Kaptein, M., & van Reenen, P. (2001). Integrity management of police organizations. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 24(3), 281–300.
- Kleinig, J. (1996). The ethics of policing. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
- Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford.
- Klockars, C. B., Ivkovich, K., Haberfeld, S. M., & Haberfeld, R. (2006). Enhancing police integrity. New York, NY: Springer.
- Klockars, C. B., Ivkovich, K. S., & Haberfeld, M. R. (2004). The contours of police integrity. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
- Klockars, C. B., Ivkovich K. S., & Haberfeld, M. R. (2005). Enhancing police integrity. NIJ Research in Brief. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, NCJ 209269.
- Klockars, C. B., Ivkovich, K.S., Harver, W. E., & Haberfeld, M. R. (2000). Measuring police integrity: Executive summary. The cross cultural study of police corruption. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
- Kolthoff, E. (2010). The importance of integrity in the security profession: Bringing in human rights. In M. den Boer & E. Klothoff (Eds.), Ethics and security (pp. 596–612). The Hague, The Netherlands: Eleven.
- Kolthoff, E., Erakovich, R., & Lasthuizen, K. (2010). Comparative analysis of ethical leadership and ethical culture in local government: The USA, The Netherlands, Montenegro, and Serbia. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 23, 596–612.
- Kucukuysal, B. (2008). Determinants of Turkish police officers’ perception of integrity: Impact of organizational culture ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
- Lasthuizen, K., Huberts, L., & Heres, L. (2011). How to measure integrity violations towards a validated typology of unethical behavior. Public Management Review, 13(3), 383–408.
- Lipsky, M. (1980). Street level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York, NY: SAGE.
- Mastrofski, S. D. (2004). Controlling street-level police discretion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 100–118.
- Mayer, D. M., Aquino, K., Greenbaum, R. L., & Kuenzi, M. (2012). Who displays ethical leadership and why does it matter: An examination of antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 151–171.
- Mayer, D. M., Kuenzi, M., & Greenbaum, R. (2009). Making ethical climate a mainstream topic: A review, critique, and prescription for the empirical research on ethical climate. In D. De Cremer ( Ed.), Psychological perspectives on ethical behavior and decision making ( pp. 181–213). Charlotte, NC: Information Age.
- Mayer, D. M., Kuenzi, M., & Greenbaum, R. (2010a). Examining the link between ethical leadership and employee misconduct: The mediating role of ethical climate. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 7–16.
- Mayer, D. M., Kuenzi, M., & Greenbaum, R. (2010b). Laying an ethical foundation: Ethical practices, ethical climate, and unethical behavior. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Montreal, Canada.
- Messick, D. M., & Bazerman, M. H. (1996). Ethical leadership and psychology of decision making. Sloan Management Review, 37, 9–22.
- Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (1984). The relationship among beliefs, organizational position, and whistle-blowing: A discriminant analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 27, 687–705.
- Miller, S. (2010, December). Integrity systems and professional reporting in police organizations. Criminal Justice Ethics, 29(3), 241–257.
- Neese, W. T., Ferrell, L., & Ferrell, O. C. (2005). An analysis of federal mail and wire fraud cases related to marketing. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 910–918.
- Palanski, M. E., & Yammarino, F. J. (2009). Integrity and leadership: A multi-level conceptual framework. Leadership Quarterly, 20, 405–420.
- Peterson, D. K. (2004). Perceived leader integrity and ethical intentions of subordinates. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 25, 7–23.
- Piccolo, R. F., Greenbaum, R., Den Hartog, D. N., & Folger, R. (2010). The relationship between ethical leadership and core job characteristics. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 259–278.
- Pope, J. (2000). Confronting corruption: The elements of a national integrity system. TI Source Book 2000. Berlin, Germany: Transparency International. Retrieved from http://www.transparency.org
- Prenzler, T. (2009). Police corruption: Preventing misconduct and maintaining integrity. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press—Taylor and Francis.
- Punch, M. (2000). Police corruption and its prevention. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 8, 301.
- Punch, M. (2003). Rotten orchards: “Pestilence,” police misconduct and system failure. Policing and Society, 13(2), 171–196.
- Punch, M. (2009). Police corruption: Deviance, accountability and reform in policing. Cullompton, England: Willan.
- Resick, C. J., Hanges, P. J., Dickson, M. W., & Mitchelson, J. K. (2006). A cross-cultural examination of the endorsement of ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 63, 345–359.
- Rothwell, G. R., & Baldwin, J. N. (2007a). Ethical climate theory, whistle-blowing and the code of silence in police agencies in the state of Georgia. Journal of Business Ethics, 70, 341–361.
- Rothwell, G. R., & Baldwin, J. N. (2007b). Whistle-blowing and the code of silence in police agencies. Crime and Delinquency, 53(4), 605–632.
- Savalei, V., & Bentler, P. M. (2007). Structural equation modeling. In R. Grover & M. Vriens ( Eds.), The handbook of marketing research: Uses, misuses, and future advances ( pp. 330–364). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
- Schafer, J. A., & Martinelli, T. J. (2008). First line supervisor’s perceptions of police integrity. Policing, 31, 306–323.
- Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Test of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research – Online, 8(2), 23–74.
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Skolnick, J. H. (2002). Corruption and the blue code of silence. Police Practice and Research, 3, 7–19.
- Sims, R. R., & Brinkmann, J. (2002). Leaders as moral role models: The case of John Gutfreund at Salomon brothers. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(4), 327–339.
- Tasdoven, H., & Kapucu, N. (2013). Personal perceptions and organizational factors influencing police discretion: Evidence from the Turkish National Police. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 79, 523–543.
- Taylor, M. (2013). Toward understanding the street code of silence that exists among prolific graffiti offenders. Victims & Offenders: An International Journal of Evidence-Based Research, Policy, and Practice, 8, 2.
- Trautman, N. (2001). Special report: Ethics–truth about the code of silence revealed. Law and Order, 49, 68–76.
- Treisman, D. (2007). What have we learned about the causes of corruption from ten years of cross-national empirical research? Annual Review of Political Science, 10, 211–244.
- Trevino, L. K., Hartman, L. P., & Brown, M. (2000). Moral person and moral manager: How executives develop a reputation for ethical leadership. California Management Review, 42, 128–142.
- Walker, S., Alpert, G. P., & Kenney, D. J. (2001). Early warning systems: Responding to the problem police officer. Research in Brief. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Retrieved June 5, 2001, from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/188565.pdf
- Wan, T. T. H. (2002). Evidence-based health care management: Multivariate modeling approaches (1st ed.). Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Weeks, W. A., & Nantel, J. (1992). Corporate codes of ethics and sales force behavior: A case study. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 753–760.
- Westmarland, L. (2005). Police ethics and integrity: Breaking the blue code of silence. Policing and Society, 15(2), 145–165.