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Original Articles

Black administrators and racial road blocks in public organizations: problems and recourse

Pages 797-819 | Published online: 26 Jun 2007

References

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  • Henderson , Lenneal J . 1979 . Administrative Advocacy: Black Adminstrators in Urban Bureaucracy , Palo Alto : R & E Research Associates, Inc .
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  • 1976 . Ibid , 36 August : 467
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  • Moss Kanter , Rosebeth . 1977 . Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women . Amercian Journal of Sociology , 82 March : 965 – 990 .
  • 1977 . Ibid , 82 March : 978
  • 1977 . Ibid , 82 March : 971
  • Rich , Wilbur . 1975 . Special Role and Role Expectation of Black Administrators of Neighborhood Mental Health Programs . Community Mental Health Journal , 1 Winter : 394 – 401 .
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  • Davis , James F . 1978 . Minority Dominant Relations: A Sociological Analysis , Arlington Height, IL : AKM Publishing Corparation . Jack Levin and William Levin, The Function of Discrimination and Prejudice, Second Edition (New York, NY: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1982); and Robin M. Williams, Jr., The Reduction of Intergoup Tensions (New York, NY: Social Science Research Council, 1947).
  • Theus Fairhurst , Gail and Snavely , B. Kay . 1983 . Majority and Token Minority Group Relations: Power Acquisition and Communication . Academy of Management Review , 8 April : 292 – 300 .
  • 1983 . Ibid , 8 April : 296
  • 1983 . Ibid , 8 April
  • Fromkin , Howard L . 1974 . “ A Social Psychological Analysis of Organizational Integration ” . In Intergrating The Organization: A Social Psychological Analysis , Edited by: Fromkin , Howard L and Sherwood , John J . New York, NY : The Free Press .
  • Alderson , Clayton P , Alderfer , charleen , Tucker , Leota and Tucker , Robert C . 1980 . Diagnosing Race Relations in Management . Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 16 June : 135 – 165 . April-May
  • 1980 . Ibid , 16 June : 150
  • Hunt , Deryl G . 1974 . The Black Perspective on Public Management . Public Administration Review , 34 December : 520 – 525 . November
  • Harbert . 1974 . OP. cit , 34 December : 559 Adam W. Herbert, “The Evolving Challenge of Black Urban Administrators,” Journal of Afro - American Issues, 3 (Spring 1975), 173-179.
  • Bambaon , William A . 1958 . Power and Discontact , Homewood, IL : The Dorsey Press .
  • Bacherach , Samuel B and Akins , Michael . 1976 . Structural and Process Constraints on Influence in Organizations: A Level - Specific Analysis . Administrative Science Quarterly , 21 December : 627
  • Smith , Robert C . 1984 . Black Appointed Officials: A Neglected Area of Research in Black Participation . Journal of Black Studies , 14 March : 369 – 388 .
  • 1984 . Ibid , 14 March : 383
  • Tannenbaum , Robert and Massarik , Fred . 1950 . Participation by Subordinates in the Managerial Decision Making Press . Canadian Journal of Economic and Political Science , 16 August : 408 – 418 . Victor Thompson, Modern Organization, Second Edition (University of Alabama: The University of Alabama Press, 1977) , pp. 86-92.
  • Alderfer , Alderfer , Tucker and Tucker . 1950 . op.cit , 16 August : 159
  • Informal interview with H. Brown, a solidarity group member.
  • Henderaon . 1950 . op. cit , 16 August : 106
  • 1950 . Ibid , 16 August : 108
  • Meier , Kenneth J and England , Robert E . 1984 . Black Representation and Educational Policy: Are They Related? . The American Political Science Review , 78 June : 392 – 403 .
  • Alderfer , Alderfer , Tucker and Tucker . 1984 . op.cit , 78 June : 159
  • Alderfer , Clayton P and Smith , K.K. 1982 . Studying Intergroup Relations Embedded in Organizations . Administrative Scienc Quarterly , 27 March : 53 – 57 .
  • Schattschneider , E.E. 1960 . Semisoverign People , New York, NY : Holt, Rinehart and Wilson .

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