Applicability of Different Indices to Evaluate Nutrient Status of Winter Wheat in the Organic System

REFERENCES

• Amundson , R. and Koehler , F. 1987 . Utilization of DRIS for diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies in winter wheat . Agronomy Journal , 79 : 472 – 476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergmann , W. 1992 . Nutritional Disorders of Plants: Development, Visual and Analytical Diagnosis , Jena, Stuttgart New York : Verlag, Gustav Fischer .
   Google Scholar
• Bezduszniak , D. 1997 . Ocena Stanu Odżywienia Pszenicy Ozimej Azotem na Podstawie Pomiaru Zawartości Chlorofilu Metoda Optyczna (SPAD). (Evaluation of Nitrogen Nutrient Status of Winter Wheat On the Basis of Chlorophyll Concentration Done by Optical Method (SPAD) (in Polish). Puıawy, Poland:Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG), (PhD typescript)
   Google Scholar
• Boller , B. and Nösberger , J . 1987 . Symbiotically fixed nitrogen from field-grown white and red clover mixed with ryegrasses at low levels of 15N-fertilization . Plant and Soil , 104 : 219 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisele , J. and Köpke , U . 1997 . Choice of cultivars in organic farming: New criteria for winter wheat ideotypes . Pflanzenbauwisenschaften , 1 : 19 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Faber , A. , Filipiak , K. and Kryszkowska , T. 1988 . Zalecenia Nawozowe. Cz. III. Kontrola Stanu Odżywienia Roślin Metoda DRIS. (Fertilising Recommendations. Part III. Evaluation of Crop Nutrient Status by DRIS Method) (in Polish). Puıawy, Poland: IUNG.
   Google Scholar
• Fox , R. H. , Piekielek , W. P. and Macneal , K. M. 1994 . Using a chlorophyll meter to predict nitrogen fertilizer needs of winter wheat . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 25 : 171 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fotyma , E. and Pecio , A. 1999 . Zależność pomiedzy zawartościa azotu a nagromadzaniem suchej masy przez zboża. (Correlation between nitrogen content and dry matter accumulation of cereals) (in Polish) . Pamietnik Puıawski , 114 : 93 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Fragstein , von P. . Nutrient management in organic farming . Fundamentals of Organic Agriculture. Proceedings of the 11th IFOAM International Scientific Conference . Edited by: Ostergaard , T. V. Vol. 1 , pp. 62 – 72 . Tholey-Theley, , Germany : International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements .
   Google Scholar
• Houot , S. and Chaussod , R. 1995 . Impact of agricultural practices on the size and activity of the microbial biomass in a long-term field experiment . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 19 : 309 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köpke , U. 1995 . Nutrient management in organic farming systems—the case of nitrogen . Biological Agriculture and Horticulture , 11 : 15 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemaire , G. and Gastal , F. 1997 . “ N Uptake and Distribution in Plant Canopies ” . In Diagnosis of the Nitrogen in Crops, , Edited by: Lemaire , G. 3 – 43 . Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Mallarino , A. and Wedin , W. 1990 . Effect of species and proportion of legume on herbage yield and nitrogen concentration of legume-grass mixtures . Grass and Forage Science , 45 : 393 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschner , H. 1995 . Mineral nutrition of higher plants , San Diego, CA : Academic Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Martyniuk , S. , Gajda , A. and Kuś , J. 2001 . Microbiological and biochemical properties of soils under cereals grown in the ecological, conventional, and integrated system . Acta Agrophisica , 52 : 185 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Mazur , T. 1993 . Nawożenie w Rolnictwie Biologicznym. (Fertilization in Biological Farming) , Olsztyn, Poland : ART . in Polish
   Google Scholar
• Nolte , C. and Werner , W. 1994 . Investigations on the nutrient cycle and its components of a biodynamically-managed farm . Biological Agriculture and Horticulture , 10 : 235 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberson , A. , Besson , J. M. , Maire , N. and Sticher , H. 1996 . Microbiological processes in soil organic phosphorus transformations in conventional and biological cropping systems . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 21 : 138 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peltonen , J. , Virtanen , A. and Hagren , E. 1995 . Using a chlorophyll meter to optimise nitrogen fertilizer application for intensively managed small-grain cereals . Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science , 174 : 309 – 318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podolska , G. and Kaczyński , L. 1995 . Charakterystyka i Wymagania Agrotechniczne Odmian Pszenicy Ozimej. (Characteristic and Agricultural Requirements of Winter Wheat Varieties) , Radzików, Poland : IHAR . in Polish
   Google Scholar
• Rasmussen , P. 1996 . Effect of nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus sufficiency on nutrient content in white winter wheat . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 27 : 585 – 596 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , M. , Chilvers , G. and Dumaresq , D. 1994 . Colonisation of wheat by VA-mycorrhizal fungi was found to be higher on a farm to be managed in an organic manner than on a conventional neighbour . Plant and Soil , 160 : 33 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarapatka , B. . Impact of different farming systems and soil properties on soil enzyme activity . Proceedings 13th Int. IFOAM Scientific Conference . Edited by: Alföldi , T. , Lockeretz , W. and Niggli , U. Tholey-Theley, Zurich, , Germany : VDF, Hochschulverlag, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements .
   Google Scholar
• Sattelmacher , B. , Reinhard , S. and Pomikalko , A. 1991 . Differences in mycorrihizal colonisation of rye (Secale cereale L.) grown in conventional or organic (biological-dynamic) farming systems . Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science , 167 : 350 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinther , F. and Jensen , E. 2000 . Estimating legume N2 fixation in grass-clover mixtures of a grazed organic cropping system using two 15N methods . Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , 78 : 139 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar