EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON GERMINATION, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF TWO WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN IRAN

REFERENCES

• Abedin , M. J. and Meharg , A. A. 2002 . Relative toxicity of arsenite and arsenate on germination and early seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) . Plant and Soil , 243 : 57 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abernathy , C. O. , Liu , Y. , Longfellow , D. , Aposhia , H. V. , Beck , B. , Fowler , B. , Goyer , R. , Menzer , R. , Rossman , T. , Thompson , C. and Walkes , M. 1999 . Arsenic: Health effects, mechanisms of actions, and research issues . Environmental Health Perspective , 107 : 593 – 597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , A. J. M. 1987 . Metal tolerance . New Phytologist , 106 : 93 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , S. , Barrentine , W. L. , Bowmaan , D. H. , Hawthorne , W. L. and Pettiet , J. V. 1976 . Crop response and arsenic uptake following soil incorporation of MSMA . Weed Science , 24 : 322 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benavides , M. P. , Gallego , S. M. and Tomaro , M. L. 2005 . Cadmium toxicity in plants . Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology , 17 : 21 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Carbonell-Barrachina , A. , Aarabi , M. A. and Delaune , R. D. 1998 . The influence of arsenic chemical form and concentration on Spartina patens and Spartina alternflora growth and tissue arsenic concentration . Plant and Soil , 198 : 33 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbonell-Barrachina , A. , Burlo-Carbonell , F. and Mataix Beneyto , J. 1995 . Arsenic uptake, distribution, and accumulation in tomato plants: Effect of arsenic on plant growth and yield . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 18 : 1237 – 1250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , M. S. , Bell , P. F. and Kovar , J. L. 1996 . Different tolerance of canola to arsenic when grown hydroponically or in soil . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 19 : 1599 – 1610 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deniz , T. , Yasemin , E. and Unalan , S. 2007 . Changes in photochemical and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves exposed to excess copper . Chemosphere , 67 : 89 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhar , R. K. , Biswas , B. K. , Samanta , G. , Mandal , B. K. , Chakraborti , D. , Roy , S. , Jafar , A. , Islam , A. , Ara , G. , Kabir , S. , Khan , A. W. , Ahmed , S. A. and Hadi , S. A. 1997 . Groundwater arsenic calamity in Bangladesh . Current Science , 73 : 48 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon , H. B. F. 1997 . The biochemical action of arsenic acids especially as phosphate analogues . Advances in Inorganic Chemistry , 44 : 191 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley-Whitaker , J. , Ainsworth , G. and Meharg , A. A. 2001 . Copper and arsenate-induced oxidative stress in Holcus lanatus L. clones with differential sensitivity . Plant, Cell and Environment , 24 : 713 – 722 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juhasz , A. L. , Naidu , R. , Zhu , Y. G. , Wang , L. S. , Jiang , J. Y. and Cao , Z. H. 2003 . Toxicity tissues associated with geogenic arsenic in the groundwater-soil-plant-human continuum . Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 71 : 1100 – 1107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabata-Pendias , A. and Pendias , H. 1984 . Trace Elements in Soils and Plants , Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kang , L. J. , Li , X. D. , Liu , J. H. and Zhang , X. Y. 1996 . The effect of arsenic on the growth of rice and residues in a loam paddy soil . Journal of Jilin Agricultural University , 18 : 58 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Kapustka , L. A. , Lipton , J. , Galbraith , H. , Cacela , D. and Lejeune , K. 1995 . Metal and arsenic impacts to soils, vegetation communities and wildlife habitat in southwest Montana uplands contaminated by smelter emissions: II. Laboratory phytotoxicity studies . Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 14 : 1905 – 1912 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karimi , N. , Ghaderian , S. M. , Maroofi , H. and Schat , H. 2010 . Analysis of arsenic in soil and vegetation of a contaminated area in Zarshuran, Iran . International Journal of Phytoremediation , 12 : 159 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knauer , K. , Behra , R. and Hemond , H. 1999 . Toxicity of inorganic and methylated arsenic to algal communities from lakes along an arsenic contamination gradient . Aquatic Toxicology , 46 : 221 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma , C. C. and Hong , F. S. 1998 . Preliminary explanation of the mechanism about effects of mercury on wheat seed germination and seedling growth . Acta Phytoecologica Sinica , 22 : 373 – 378 .
   Google Scholar
• Machlachalan , S. and Zalik , S. 1963 . Plastid structure, chlorophyll concentration and free amino acid composition of a chlorophyll mutant of barley . Canadian Journal of Botany , 41 : 1053 – 1062 .
   Google Scholar
• Macnair , M. R. , Cumbes , Q. J. and Meharg , A. A. 1992 . The genetics of arsenate tolerance in Yorkshire fog, Holcus lanatus L . Heredity , 69 : 325 – 335 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin , A. R. , Masscheleyn , P. H. and Patrick , W. H. 1993a . Soil redox pH stability of arsenic species and its influence on arsenic uptake by rice . Plant and Soil , 152 : 245 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin , A. R. , Masscheleyn , P. H. and Patrick , W. H. 1992 . The influence of chemical form and concentration of arsenic on rice growth and tissue arsenic concentration . Plant and Soil , 139 : 175 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin , A. R. , Pezeskhi , S. R. , Masscheleyn , P. H. and Choi , H. S. 1993b . Effect of dimethylarsenic acid (DMAA) on growth, tissue arsenic, and photosynthesis of rice plants . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 16 : 865 – 880 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masscheleyn , P. H. , Dlaune , R. D. and Patrick , W. H. 1991 . Effect of redox potential and pH on arsenic speciation and solubility in a contaminated soil . Environmental Science and Technology , 25 : 1414 – 1418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckinney , G. 1990 . Criteria for purity of chlorophyll preparation . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 132 : 91 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Meharg , A. A. and Hartley-Whitaker , J. 2002 . Arsenic uptake and metabolism in arsenic resistant and non resistant plant species . New Phytologist , 154 : 29 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meharg , A. A. and Jardine , L. 2003 . Arsenite transport into paddy rice (Oryza sativa) roots . New Phytologist , 157 : 39 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odanaka , Y. , Tsuchiya , N. , Matano , O. and Goto , S. 1987 . Absorption, translocation and metabolism of the arsenical fungicides, iron methanearsonate and ammonium iron methanearsonate, in rice plants . Journal of Pesticide Science , 12 : 199 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onken , B. M. and Hossner , L. R. 1995 . Plant uptake and determination of arsenic species in soil solution under flooded conditions . Journal of Environmental Quality , 24 : 373 – 381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polizzotto , M. , Kocar , B. D. , Benner , S. G. , Sampson , M. and Fendorf , S. 2008 . Near-surface wetland sediments as a source of arsenic release to ground water in Asia . Nature , 454 : 505 – 508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman , M. A. , Hasegawa , H. , Rahman , M. M. , Islam , M. N. , Miah , M. A. and Tasmin , A. 2007 . Effect of arsenic on photosynthesis, growth and yield of five widely cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in Bangladesh . Chemosphere , 67 : 1072 – 1079 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrıguez-Serrano , M. , Romero-Puertas , C. M. , Pazminõ , D. M. , Testillano , P. S. , Risuenõ , M. C. , del Río , L. A. and Sandalio , L. M. 2009 . Cellular response of pea plants to cadmium toxicity: Cross talk between reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and calcium . Plant Physiology , 150 : 229 – 243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , S. E. , Helle , M. C. , Suzanne , P. and Andrew , F. S. 2010 . Arsenic uptake and toxicity in plants: integrating mycorrhizal influences . Plant and Soil , 327 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sneller , E. F. C. , Van , H. L. M. , Kraaijeveld-Smit , F. J. L. , Ten Bookum , W. M. , Koevoets , P. L. M. , Schat , H. and Verkleij , J. A. C. 1999 . Toxicity of arsenate in Silene vulgaris, accumulation and degradation of arsenate-induced phytochelatins . New Phytologist , 144 : 223 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sneller , E. F. C. , Van , H. L. M. , Schat , H. and Verklei , J. A. C. 2000 . Toxicity, metal uptake, and accumulation of phytochelatins in Silene vulgaris exposed to mixtures of cadmium and arsenate . Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 19 : 2982 – 2986 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somashekaraiah , B. V. , Padmaja , K. and Prasad , A. R. K. 1992 . Phytotoxicity of cadmium ions on germinating seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Involvement of lipid peroxides in chlorophyll degradation . Physiologia Plantarum , 85 : 85 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang , T. and Miller , D. M. 1991 . Growth and tissue composition of rice grown in soil treated with inorganic copper, nickel, and arsenic . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 22 : 2037 – 2045 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van , A. F. and Clijsters , H. 1990 . Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants . Plant, Cell and Environment , 13 : 195 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , J. R. , Zhao , F. J. , Meharg , A. A. , Raab , A , Feldmann , J. and McGrath , S. P. 2002 . Mechanisms of arsenic hyperaccumulation in Pteris vittata: Uptake kinetics, interactions with phosphate and arsenic speciation . Plant Physiology , 130 : 1552 – 1561 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , P. N. , Villada , A. , Deacon , C. , Raab , A. , Figuerola , J. , Green , A. J. , Feldmann , J. and Meharg , A. A. 2007 . Greatly enhanced arsenic shoot assimilation in rice leads to elevated grain levels compared to wheat and barley . Environmental Science and Technology , 41 : 6854 – 6859 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiaoli , L. , Shuzhen , Z. , Xiaoquan , S. and Yong-Guan , Z. 2005 . Toxicity of arsenate and arsenite on germination, seedling growth and amylolytic activity of wheat . Chemosphere , 61 : 293 – 301 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar