Foliar application of silicon at different growth stages alters growth and yield of selected wheat cultivars

References

• Agurie, S., W. Agata, F. Kubota, and P. B. Kaufman. 1992. Physiological role of silicon in photosynthesis and dry matter production in rice plants. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 61: 200–206.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, M., F. U. Hassen, U. Qadeer, and M. A. Aslam. 2011. Silicon application and drought tolerance mechanism of sorghum. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6: 594–607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Aghabary, K., Z. Zhu, and Q. Shi. 2004. Influence of silicon supply on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and anti-oxidative enzyme activities in tomato plants under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 27: 2101–2115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf, M., R. Rahmatullah, M. Ahmad, M. Afzal, A. Tahir, S. Kanwal, and M. A. Maqsood. 2009. Potassium and silicon improve yield and juice quality in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) under salt stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 195: 284–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajji, M., J. Kinet, and S. Lutts. 2002. The use of the electrolyte leakage method for assessing cell membrane stability as a water stress tolerance test in durum wheat. Plant Growth Regulation 36: 61–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradury, M., and R. Ahmad. 1990. The effect of silicon on the growth of Prosopis juliflora growing in saline soil. Plant and Soil 125: 71–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo, F. J. 1996. Antioxidative protection in the inducible CAM plant Sedum album L. following the imposition of severe water stress and recovery. Oecologia 107: 469–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W., X. Yao, K. Cai, and J. Chen. 2011. Silicon alleviates drought stress of rice plants by improving plant water status, photosynthesis and mineral nutrient absorption. Biological Trace Elements Research 142: 67–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, J., and M. R. Leishman. 2011. Is plant ecology more siliceous than we realize? Trends in Plant Sciences 16: 61–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhanda, S. S., G. S. Sethi, and R. K. Behl. 2004. Indices of drought tolerance in wheat genotypes at early stages of plant growth. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science 190: 6–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein, E. 1999. Silicon. Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50: 641–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, J. P., Q. H. Shi, X. F. Wang, M. Wei, F. J. Yang, and H. N. Xu. 2010. Silicon supplementation ameliorated the inhibition of photosynthesis and nitrate metabolism by cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Cucumis sativus L. Scientia Horticulturae 123: 521–530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleck, A. T., T. Nye, C. Repenning, F. Stahl, M. Zahn, and M. K. Schenk. 2011. Silicon enhances suberization and lignification in roots of rice (Oryza sativa). Journal of Experimental Botany 62: 2001–2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, H., and K. Chen. 2012. The regulatory role of silicon on water relations, photosynthetic gas exchange, and carboxylation activities of wheat leaves in field drought conditions. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 34: 1589–1594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, H., X. Zhu, K. Chen, S. Wang, and C. Zhang. 2005. Silicon alleviates oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought. Plant Science 169: 313–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, A., V. Bermejo, and B. S. Gimeno. 2010. Effect of different physiological traits on grain yield in barley grown under irrigated and terminal water deficit conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science 148: 319–328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattori, T., S. Inanaga, H. Araki, P. An, S. Mortia, M. Luxova, and A. Lux. 2005. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in Sorghum bicolor. Physiologia Plantarum 123: 459–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattori, T., K. Sonobe, H. Araki, S. Inanaga, P. An, and S. Morita. 2008. Silicon application improves water uptake by sorghum through the alleviation of stress-induced increase in hydraulic resistance. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31: 1482–1495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, Y. 1999. Effects of silicon on enzyme activity and sodium, potassium and calcium concentration in barley under salt stress. Plant and Soil 209: 217–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, Y. C., Q. Chen, Q. Liu, W. H. Zhang, and R. X. Ding. 2003. Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 160: 1157–1164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, Y. C., W. Q. Zhang, J. Chen, and R. Ding. 2005. Effect of silicon on H+-ATPase and H+- PPase activity, fatty acid composition and fluidity of tonoplast vesicles from roots of salt stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany 53: 29–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lux, A., M. Luxova, T. Hattori, S. Inanaga, and Y. Sugimoto. 2002. Silicification in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars with different drought tolerance. Physiologia Plantarum 115: 87–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J. F. 2004. Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 50: 11–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J. F., K. Tamai, M. Ichii, and G. F. Wu. 2002. A rice mutant defective in Si uptake. Plant Physiology 130: 2111–2117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J. F., K. Tamai, N. Yamaji, N. Mitani, S. Konishi, M. Katsuhara, M. Ishiguro, Y. Murata, and M. Yano. 2006. A silicon transporter in rice. Nature 440: 688–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majer, P., L. Sass, T. Lelley, L. Cseuz, I. Vass, D. Dudits, and J. Pauk. 2008. Testing drought tolerance of wheat by a complex stress diagnostic system installed in greenhouse. Acta Biologica Szegediensis 52: 97–100.
   Google Scholar
• Marschner, H. 1995. Part I. Nutritional physiology. In: Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, pp. 313–363. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Molnar, I., L. Gaspar, E. Sarvari, S. Dulai, B. Haffman, L. M. Molnar, and G. Galiba. 2004. Physiological and morphological response to water stress in Aegilops biuncialis a Triticum aestivum genotype with differing tolerance to drought. Functional Plant Biology 31: 1149–1159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moussa, H. R. 2006. Influence of exogenous application of silicon on physiological response of salt-stressed maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2: 293–297.
   Google Scholar
• Parveen, N., and M. Ashraf. 2010. Role of silicon in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on growth and photosynthetic attributes of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars grown hydroponically. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42: 1675–1684.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, F. A., F. X. R. Vale, G. H. Korndorfer, A. S. Prabhu, L. E. Datnoff, A. M. A. Oliveira, and L. Zambolim. 2003. Influence of silicon on sheath blight of rice in Brazil. Crop Protection 22: 23–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair, T. R. 2011. Challenges in breeding for yield increase for drought. Trends in Plant Science 16: 289–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer, M., D. Kaczorek, Y. Kuzyakov, and J. Breuer. 2006. Silicon pools and fluxes in soils and landscapes. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 169: 582–582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonobe, K., T. Hattori, P. An, W. Tsuji, A. E. Eneji, S. Kobayashi, Y. Kawamura, K. Tanaka, and S. Inanaga. 2011. Effect of silicon application on sorghum root responses to water stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 34: 71–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, C. Y., and W. M. Ross. 1979. Selecting for drought and heat resistance in grain sorghum. In: Stress Physiology in Crop Plants, ed. H. Mussel, and R. C. Staples, pp. 263–281. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Tahir, M. A., R. Tullah, T. Aziz, M. Ashraf, S. Kanwal, and M. A. Maqsood. 2006. Beneficial effects of silicon in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under salinity stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany 38: 1715–1722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., and B. Huang. 2004. Physiological recovery of Kentucky bluegrass from simultaneous drought and heat stress. Crop Science 44: 1729–1736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar