Accumulation of lead and arsenic in Malabar spinach (Basella alba L.) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves grown on urban and orchard soils

References

• Ahmad, J., B. Goldar, and M. Smita. 2005. Value of arsenic-free drinking water to rural households in Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Management 74:173–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, K.A., and B. Isaacs. 1995. Simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, and antimony in environmental samples by hydride generation for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Journal of AOAC International 78:1055–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andra, S. S., D. Sarkar, R. Datta, and S. Saminathan. 2006. Lead in soils in paint contaminated residential sites at San Antonio, Texas, and Baltimore, Maryland. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 77:643–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-006-1111-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashok Kumar, C. K, M. S. Divya Sree, A. Joshna, S. Mohana Lakshmi, and D. Satheesh Kumar. 2013. A review of South Indian edible leafy vegetables. Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4:1248–56.
   Google Scholar
• Babalola, J. O., N. A. A. Babarinde, V. O. Oninla, and O. A. Popoola. 2008. Kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics studies of biosorption of lead (II) and chromium (III) by Basella alba L). Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 9:610–20.
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya, P., A. C. Samal, J. Majumdar, and S. C. Santra. 2010. Arsenic contamination in rice, wheat, pulses and vegetables: A study in an arsenic affected area of West Bengal, India. Water Air Soil Pollution 213:3–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0361-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brammer, H. 2009. Mitigation of arsenic contamination in irrigated paddy soils in south and south-east Asia. Environment International 35:856–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, S., R. Chaney, J. Hallfrisch, J. A. Ryan, and W. R. Berti. 2004. In situ soil treatments to reduce the phyto- and bioavailability of lead, zinc, and cadmium. Journal of Environmental Quality 33:522–31. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.5220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaney, R. L., and J. A. Ryan. 1994. Risk based standards for arsenic, lead and cadmium in urban soils: Summary of information and methods developed to estimate standards for Cd, Pb and As in urban soils, 130. Frankfurt, Germany: DECHEMA.
   Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi, I. 2006. Effects of arsenic concentrations and forms on growth and arsenic uptake and accumulation by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes. Journal of Central European Agriculture 7:31–40.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, J. C., and L. J. Lin.1994. Human carcinogenicity and atherogenicity induced by chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic. In Arsenic in the environment. Part II, ed. J. O. Nriagu, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, M., L. Q. Ma, and W.G. Harris.1999. Baseline concentrations of 15 trace elements in Florida surface soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 28:1173–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirenje, T., L. Q. Ma, C. Clark, and M. Reeves. 2003. Copper, Cr and As distribution in soils adjacent to pressure-treated decks, fences and pools. Environmental Pollution 124:407–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codling, E. E. 2007. Long-term effects of lime, phosphorus, and iron amendments on water extractable arsenic, lead and bioaccessible lead from contaminated orchard soils. Soil Science 172:811–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codling, E. E., R. L. Chaney, and C. E. Green. 2015. Accumulation of lead and arsenic by carrots grown on lead-arsenate contaminated orchard soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition 38:509–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/0190-4167.2014.934477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codling, E.E., and J.C. Ritchie. 2005. Eastern gamagrass uptake of lead and arsenic from lead arsenate contaminated soil amended with lime and phosphorus. Soil Science 170:413–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, B. 2004. Urban growth in developing countries: A review of current trends a caution regarding existing forecasts. World Development 32:23–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.04.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, B. 2006. Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability. Technology in Society 28:63–80.
   Google Scholar
• Columbus, E. P., N. M. Morris, and S.T. Rayburn.1984. Arsenic in lint and cotton gin emissions. Transactions of ASAE 27:546–9.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, R. L. 1990. Challenges and opportunities in the U.S. fresh produce industries. Journal of Food Distribution Research 90:67–74.
   Google Scholar
• Cotter-Howells, J. D., P. E. Champness, and J. M. Charnock. 1999. Mineralogy of Pb–P grains in the roots of Agrostis capillaris L. By ATEM and EXAFS. Mineralogical Magazine 63:777–89. https://doi.org/10.1180/002646199548880.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, M. S., and J. L Kovar. 2001. Soil arsenic effects on canola seedling growth and ion uptake. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 32:107–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz, O. P., I. Leyton, O. Muñoz, N. Núñez, V. Devesa, M. A. Súñer, D. Vélez, and R. Montoro. 2004. Contribution of water, bread, and vegetables (raw and cooked) to dietary intake of inorganic arsenic in a rural village of northern Chile. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52:1773–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035168t.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fewtrell, L. J., A. Pruss-Ustun, P. Landrigan, and J. L. Ayuso-Mateos. 2004. Estimating the global burden of disease of mild mental retardation and cardiovascular diseases from environmental lead exposure. Environmental Research 94:120–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00132-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 1997. FAO production yearbook of 1997, 51. Rome: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• Fuglie, K. O. 2007. Priorities for sweet potato research in developing countries: Results of survey. Horticultural Science 42:1200–6.
   Google Scholar
• Gee, G.W., and J.W. Bauder. 1986. Particle-size analysis. In Methods of soil analysis, part 1, ed. A. Klute, 2nd ed., 383–411. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.
   Google Scholar
• Hahn, S. K. 1977. Sweet potato. In Ecophysiology of tropical crops, eds. P. T. Alvim, and T. T. Kozlowski, 237–47. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Islam, M. S., and M. Jalaluddin 2004. Sweet potato a potentially rich multifunctional food crop for Arkansas. Journal of Arkansas Agricultural Rural Development. 4:3–7.
   Google Scholar
• Islam, S. 2006. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaf: Its potential effect on human health and nutrition. Journal of Food Science. 71:13–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, H.M., M.E. Hilburn, and J.A. Blair. 1985. Effects of meals and meal times on uptake of lead from the gastrointestinal tract in humans. Human Toxicology 4:401–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones, F. T. 2007. A broad view of arsenic. Poultry Science 86:2–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.1.2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenzen, L. J., S.J. van Deventer, and W. M. Landi. 1995. Factor affecting the mechanism of the adsorption of arsenic species on activated carbon. Minerals Engineering 8:557–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath, S.P., and C.H. Cunliffe. 1985. A simplified method for the extraction of the metals Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co and Mn from soils and sewage sludges. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 36:794–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merwin, I., L. P. T. Pruyne, J. G. Jr. Ebel, K. L. Manzell, and D. A. Lisk. 1994. Persistence, phytotoxicity, and management of arsenic, lead and mercury residues in old orchard soils of New York State. Chemosphere 29:1361–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-(94)90267-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills, H. A., and J. B. Jr. Jones 1996. Plant analysis handbook II. Alanta GA: MicroMacro Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, J. C., J. Wang, and A. Shraim. 2003. A global health problem caused by arsenic from natural sources. Chemosphere 52:1353–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00470-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura, T., and Y. Umetsu. 2001. Oxidative precipitation of arsenic (III) with manganese (II) and iron (II) in dilute acidic solution by ozone. Hydrometallurgy 62:83–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palada, M. C., and S. M. A. Crossman. 1999. Evaluation of tropical leaf vegetables in the Virgin Island. In Reprinted from: Perspectives on new crops and new uses, ed. J. Janick, 388–93. Alexandria, VA: ASHA Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peryea, F. J. 1998. Historical use of lead arsenate insecticides, resulting soil contamination and implications for soil remediation. Paper presented at the 16th World Congress of Soil Science, Montpellier, France, August 20–26. pp 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Saroj, V., P. S. Rao, S. K. Rao, and S. Krunal. 2012. Pharmacognostical study of Basella alba Stem. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences 3:1093–4.
   Google Scholar
• SAS. 2008. SAS mixed procedure, 9.2 ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. H., E. O. Lingas, and M. Rahman. 2000. Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: A public health emergency. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78:1093–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterrett, S. B., R. L. Chaney, C. H. Gifford, and H. W. Mielke. 1996. Influence of fertilizer and sewage sludge compost on yield and heavy metal accumulation by lettuce grown in urban soils. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 18:135–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 2001. Drinking water requirements for states and public water systems. https://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/chemical-contaminant-rules. (Accessed 10 October 2017).
   Google Scholar
• Vazhacharickal, P. J., M. Predotova, D. Chandrasekharam, S. Bhowmik, and A. Buerkert. 2013. Urban and peri-urban agricultural production along railway tracks: A case study from the Mumbai Metropolitan Reagon. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 114:145–57.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, W., A. T. Kan, W. Chen, and M. B. Tomson. 2010. pH-dependent effect of Zinc on arsenic adsorption to magnetite nanoparticles. Water Research 44:5693–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waters.2010.06.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zandstra, B. H., and T. A. De Kryger. 2007. Arsenic and lead residues in carrots from foliar applications of monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA): A comparison between mineral and organic soils, or from soil residues. Food Additives and Contaminants 24:34–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030600930568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, R., M. Zhao, H. Wang, Y. Taneike, and X. Zhang. 2006. Arsenic speciation in moso bamboo shoot – A terrestrial plant that contains organoarsenic species. Science of the Total Environment 371:293–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.03.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zia, M. H., E. E. Codling, K. G. Scheckel, and R. L. Chaney. 2011. In-vitro and In-vivo approaches for the measurement of oral bioavailability of lead (Pb) in soil: A critical review. Environmental Pollution 159:2320–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar