Nitrogen application effects on forage sorghum production and nitrate concentration

References

• Abdelhadi, L. O., and F. J. Santini. 2006. Corn silage versus grain sorghum silage as a supplement to growing steers grazing high quality pastures: Effects on performance and ruminal fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 127 (1–2):33–43. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.08.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bean, B. W., R. L. Baumhardt, F. T. McCollum III, and K. C. McCuistion. 2013. Comparison of sorghum classes for grain and forage yield and forage nutritive value. Field Crops Research 142:20–26. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.11.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyaert, R. P., and R. C. Roy. 2005. Influence of nitrogen fertilization on multi-cut forage sorghum-sudangrass yield and nitrogen use. Agronomy Journal 97 (6):1493–1501. doi: 10.2134/agronj2005.0079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullock, D. G., and D. S. Bullock. 1994. Quadratic and quadratic-plus plateau models for predicting optimal nitrogen rates of corn: A comparison. Agronomy Journal 86 (1):191–195. doi: 10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010033x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakwizira, E., P. Johnstone, A. L. Fletcher, E. D. Meenken, J. M. de Ruiter, and H. E. Brown. 2015. Effects of nitrogen rate on nitrate–nitrogen accumulation in forage kale and rape crops. Grass and Forage Science 70 (2):268–282. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford, R. F., W. K. Kennedy, and W.C. Johnson. 1961. Some factors that affect nitrate accumulation in forages. Agronomy Journal 53 (3):159–162. doi: 10.2134/agronj1961.00021962005300030010x.
   Google Scholar
• Dann, H.M., R. J. Grant, K. W. Cotanch, E. D. Thomas, C. S. Ballard, and R. Rice. 2008. Comparison of brown midrib sorghum-sudangrass with corn silage on lactational performance and nutrient digestibility in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 91 (2):663–672. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farney, J., D. Shoup, D. Rethorst, D. Blasi, and J. Holman. 2018. Forage crops. Grazing management: Toxic plants. Kansas State University Extension Bulletin MF3244.
   Google Scholar
• Fonseca, L., P. C. F. Carvalho, J. C. Mezzalira, C. Bremm, J. R. Galli, and P. Gregorini. 2014. Effect of sward surface height and level of herbage depletion on bite features of cattle grazing Sorghum bicolor swards. Journal of Animal Science 91 (9):4357–4365. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haankuku, C., F. M. Epplin, and V. G. Kakani. 2014. Forage sorghum response to nitrogen fertilization and estimation of production cost. Agronomy Journal 106 (5):1659–1666. doi: 10.2134/agronj14.0078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harms, C. L., and B. B. Tucker. 1973. Influence of nitrogen fertilization and other factors on yield, prussic acid nitrate, and total nitrogen concentrations of Sudangrass cultivars. Agronomy Journal 65 (1):21–26. doi: 10.2134/agronj1973.00021962006500010007x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeney, A. J., and D.W. Nelson. 1982. Nitrogen-inorganic forms. In Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, ed. A. L. Page, 2nd ed., 643–698. Madison, WI, USA: ASA, SSA, SSSA.
   Google Scholar
• Kemp, A., Geurink, J. H. Haalstra, and A. Malestein. 1977. Nitrate poisoning in cattle. II. Changes in nitrite in rumen fluid and methemoglobin formation in blood after high nitrate intake. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 25:51–61.
   Google Scholar
• Ketterings, Q. M., J. H. Cherney, G. Godwin, T. F. Kilcer, P. Barney, and S. Beer. 2007. Nitrogen management of brown midrib sorghum x sudangrass in the Northeastern USA. Agronomy Journal 99 (5):1345–1351. doi: 10.2134/agronj2006.0350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudsen, D., G. A. Peterson, and P. F. Pratt. 1982. Lithium, sodium, and potassium. In Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, ed. A. L. Page, 2nd ed., 225–246. Madison, WI, USA: ASA, SSA, SSSA.
   Google Scholar
• Large, E. C. 1954. Growth stages in cereals illustration of the Feekes scale. Plant Pathology 3 (4):128–129. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1954.tb00716.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, J. H., and J. C. Stephens. 1955. The culture and use of sorghums for forage. Farmers’ Bull. No. 1844. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
   Google Scholar
• Marsalis, M. A., S. V. Angadi, and F. E. Contreras-Govea. 2010. Dry matter yield and nutritive value of corn, forage sorghum, and BMR forage sorghum at different plant populations and nitrogen rates. Field Crops Research 116 (1–2):52–57. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maughan, M., T. Voigt, A. Parrish, G. Bollero, W. Rooney, and D. K. Lee. 2012. Forage and energy sorghum responses to nitrogen fertilization in central and southern Illinois. Agronomy Journal 104 (4):1032–1040. doi: 10.2134/agronj2011.0408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maw, M. J. W., J. H. Houx, III, and F. B. Fritschi. 2017. Nitrogen use efficiency and yield response of high biomass sorghum in the lower midwest. Agronomy Journal 109 (1):115–121. doi: 10.2134/agronj2016.01.0044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayland, H. F., P. R. Cheeke, W. Majak, J. P. Goff. 2007. Forage-induced animal disorders. In Forages, the science of grassland agriculture, ed. R. F. Barnes, C. J. Nelson, K. J. Moore, and M. Collins, Vol. 3., 6th ed., 687–707. Ames, IA, USA: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• McCuistion, K. C., F. T. McCollum, L. W. Greene, J. MacDonald, and B. Bean. 2011. Performance of stocker cattle grazing 2 sorghum-sudangrass hybrids under various stocking rates. The Professional Animal Scientist 27 (2):92–100. doi: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30454-X.
   Google Scholar
• Mehlich, A. 1984. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of the Mehlich 2 extractant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 15 (12):1409–1416. doi: 10.1080/00103628409367568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, L. S., and G. E. Smith. 1967. Nitrate accumulation in forage crops. Agronomy Journal 59 (2):171–174. doi: 10.2134/agronj1967.00021962005900020015x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obour, A. K., K. Harmoney, and J. D. Holman. 2017. Nitrogen fertilizer application effects on switchgrass herbage mass, nutritive value and nutrient removal. Crop Science 57 (3):1754–1763. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.07.0582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver, A. L., R. J. Grant, J. F. Pedersen, and J. O’Rear. 2004. Comparison of brown midrib-6 and -18 forage sorghum with conventional sorghum and corn silage in diets of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87 (3):637–644. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73206-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parish, J. A., J. R. Parish, and T. F. Best. 2013. Assessment of 3 sudangrass cultivars for summer stockering of beef steers. The Professional Animal Scientist 29 (4):395–402. doi: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30252-7.
   Google Scholar
• Pino, F., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2016. Sorghum forage in precision-fed dairy heifer diets. Journal of Dairy Science 100 (1):224–235. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Restelatto, R., P. S. Pavinato, L. R. Sartor, and S. J. Paixao. 2008. Production and nutritional value of sorghum and black oat forages under nitrogen fertilization. Grass and Forage Science 69 (4):693–704. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roozeboom, K., D. Blasi, and D. Mengel. 2011. Nitrate toxicity. Kansas State Univ. Coop. Ext. MF3029. http://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/mf3029.pdf (accessed August 27, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute. 2012. SAS/STAT user’s guide, Version 9.3. Cary, NC: SAS Inst.
   Google Scholar
• Spoelstra, S. F. 1985. Nitrate in silage. Grass and Forage Science 40 (1):1–11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1985.tb01714.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunaga, Y., H. Harada, T. Kawachi, and T. Hatanaka. 2008. Management of nitrogen fertilizer application rates based on soil nitrogen fertility with the goal of lowering nitrate nitrogen concentrations in sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf). Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 54 (4):543–554. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00271.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USDA-AMS. 2018. Hay reports. Available at https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/hay-reports (accessedverified 19 May 19, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• USDA-NASS. 2018. Quick Stats: Agricultural statistics database. Washington, DC: USDA-NASS. https://www.nass.usda.gov/Quick_Stats/ (accessed May 19, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Zweifel, T. R., J. W. Maranville, W. M. Ross, and R. B. Clark. 1987. Nitrogen fertility and irrigation influence on grain sorghum nitrogen efficiency. Agronomy Journal 79 (3):419–422. doi: 10.2134/agronj1987.00021962007900030001x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar