Reduced dose coupled with improved method of neem-coated urea application and foliar sprays of KNO₃ enhance cotton yield and fiber parameters under semi-arid climates

References

• Ali, N. 2015. Review: Nitrogen utilization features in cotton crop. American Journal of Plant Sciences 06 (07):987–1002. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2015.67105.
   Google Scholar
• Anjum, F. H., A. Tanveer, R. Ahmad, A. Ali, M. A. Nadeem, and M. Tahir. 2007. Response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to split application of nitrogen and weed control method. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 77:224–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. 2015. Neem coating of urea in India. Accessed January 13, 2020. http://www.fert.nic.in/sites/default/files/documents/Neem%20Coating%20of%20Urea.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. 2019–2020. All India coordinated research project on cotton. Accessed January 13, 2020. http://aiccip.cicr.org.in/main_aiccip_reports.html
   Google Scholar
• Bassi, D., M. Menossi, and L. Mattiello. 2018. Nitrogen supply influences photosynthesis establishment along the sugarcane leaf. Scientific Reports 8 (1):23–7. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20653-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhati, A. S., and S. Manpreet. 2015. Effect of split application of nitrogen and potassium on yield, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency in Bt cotton. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 17:71–3.
   Google Scholar
• Boopathi, N. M., S. Sathish, P. Dachinamoorthy, P. Kavita, and R. Ravikesavan. 2014. Usefulness and utilization of indian cotton germplasm. In Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov (Ed.), World cotton germplasm resources, 119–36. London: IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/58619. ISBN 978-953-51-1622-6
   Google Scholar
• Derby, N. E., F. X. M. Casey, and D. E. Franzen. 2007. Comparison of nitrogen management zone delineation methods for corn grain yield. Agronomy Journal 99 (2):405–14. doi: 10.2134/agronj2006.0027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng, J., Q. Ma, J. Chen, M. Zhang, C. Li, Y. Yang, X. Yang, W. Zhang, and Z. Liu. 2016. Effects of polymer coated urea and sulfur fertilization on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and leaf senescence of cotton. Field Crops Research 187:87–95. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2015.12.0100378-4290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giri, M. D., M. B. Dhonde, and A. D. Tumbare. 2017. Effect of split and foliar application of nitrogen on leaf nitrogen concentration, spad index and photosynthesis in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum l.). SAARC Journal of Agriculture 14 (2):1–11. doi: 10.3329/sja.v14i2.31239.
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez, A. P., L. Ponti, H. R. Hans, J. Baumgärtner, and P. Kenmore. 2015. Deconstructing Indian cotton: Weather, yields, and suicides. Environment Science Europe 27:12. doi: 10.1186/s12302-015-0043-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosmath, J. A., D. P. Biradar, V. C. Patil, Y. B. Palled, and L. H. Malligawad. 2014. Nutrient requirement of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Indian Journal of Agronomy 59:133–8.
   Google Scholar
• Hou, Z., P. Li, B. Li, Z. Gong, and Y. Wang. 2007. Effects of fertigation scheme on N uptake and N use efficiency in cotton. Plant and Soil 290 (1–2):115–26. doi: 10.1007/s11104-006-9140-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain, M., A. F. Tariq, A. Nawaz, M. Nawaz, A. Sattar, S. Ul-Allah, and A. Wakeel. 2020. Efficacy of fertilizing method for different potash sources in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) nutrition under arid climatic conditions. PLoS One 15 (1):e0228335. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jan, T., M. T. Jan, M. Arif, H. Akbar, and S. Ali. 2007. Response of wheat to source, type and time of nitrogen application. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 23:871–80.
   Google Scholar
• Mandal, S., and T. C. Thakur. 2010. Design and development of subsoiler-cum differential rate fertilizer applicator. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 12:74–83.
   Google Scholar
• Manzoor, S., H. Ur, R. M. Haider, G. I. Ghafoor, S. Ahmad, M. Afzal, F. Nawaz, R. Iqbal, M. Yasin, U. Tanveer, et al. 2022. Biochar and slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizers improved growth, nitrogen use, yield, and fiber quality of cotton under arid climatic conditions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 29 (9): 3742–55. 10.1007/s11356-021-16576-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandagale, A. D., G. L. Kadam, K. S. Baig, and S. S. Rathod. 2018. Effect of split application of fertilizers on growth, yield and economics of Bt cotton hybrid under rainfed condition. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 6:373–8.
   Google Scholar
• Perveen, S., S. Ahmad, M. Skalicky, I. Hussain, M. H. U. Rahman, A. Ghaffar, M. S. Bashir, M. Batool, M. Brestic, S. Fahad, et al. 2021. Assessing the potential of polymer coated urea and sulphur fertilization on growth, physiology, yield, oil contents and nitrogen use efficiency of sunflower crop under arid environment. Agronomy 11 (2):269. doi: 10.3390/agronomy11020269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, K. R., S. Koti, G. H. Davidonis, and V. R. Reddy. 2004. Interactive effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen nutrition on cotton growth, development, yield, and fiber quality. Agronomy Journal 96 (4):1148–57. doi: 10.2134/agronj2004.1148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rochester, I., J. O’Halloran, S. Maas, D. Sands, and E. Brotherton. 2007. Monitoring nitrogen use efficiency in your region. Australian Cotton Grower 28:24–7.
   Google Scholar
• Sattar, M., M. E. Safdar, N. Iqbal, S. Hussain, M. Q. Waqar, M. A. Ali, A. Ali, M. A. Ali, and M. A. Javed. 2017. Timing of nitrogen fertilizer application influences on seed cotton yield. International Journal of Advance Science Research 2:6–9.
   Google Scholar
• Sekhon, N. K., and C. B. Singh. 2013. Plant nutrient status during boll development and seed cotton yield as affected by foliar application of different sources of potassium. American Journal of Plant Sciences 04 (07):1409–17. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2013.47172.
   Google Scholar
• Shahzad, A. N., M. Rizwan, M. G. Asghar, M. K. Qureshi, S. A. H. Bukhari, A. Kiran, and A. Wakeel. 2019. Early maturing Bt cotton requires more potassium fertilizer under water stress to augment seed-cotton yield but not lint quality. Scientific Reports 9 (1):7378. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43563-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalaby O. A. E. S. 2018. Alleviation of salinity stress in red cabbage plants by urea and sulfur applications. Journal of Plant Nutrition 41:1597–603. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2018.1462387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, K., H. Singh, and S. K. Mishra. 2020. Irrigation module and sowing date affect seed cotton yield, quality, productivity indices, and economics of cotton in north-western India. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 51 (7):919–31. doi: 10.1080/00103624.2020.1744633.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suryavanshi, P., G. S. Buttar, and A. S. Brar. 2016. Effect of osmo-protectants on performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under terminal heat stress condition of North-West India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 86:1037–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorat, D. S., A. P. Magar, M. Kumar, B. B. Gaikwad, and V. B. Babu. 2019. Site specific application of neem coated urea for cotton crop – A lab study. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8 (10):1989–2000. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2019.810.232.
   Google Scholar
• Verma, V. K., R. K. Setia, and P. K. Sharma. 2010. Influence of physiography, soil characteristics and moisture regime on pedospheric distribution of forms of potassium in south-western Punjab. Annals of Arid Zone 49:17–22.
   Google Scholar
• Zaman, Q. U., A. W. Schumann, and S. Shibusawa. 2006. Impact of variable rate fertilization on nitrate leaching in citrus orchards. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Precision Agriculture, ed. by D. J. Mulla.15–20. Madison, WI: ASA, CSSA, and SSSA.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, D., and D. M. Oosterhuis. 2000. Nitrogen application effect on leaf photosynthesis, non structural carbohydrate concentrations and yield of field-grown cotton. In Proceedings of the 2000 Arkansas Cotton Research Meeting. AAES Special Report, ed. by D. M. Oosterhuis, Vol. 198, 69–71. USA: Arkansas Cotton Research Committee.
   Google Scholar