203
Views
95
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Ambient Atmospheric Particles in the Airways of Human Lungs

Pages 353-361 | Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Dockery DW, Pope CA. Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution. Annu Rev Public Health. 1994;15:107–132.
  • Vedal S. Ambient particles and health: lines that divide. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1997;47:551-581.
  • Pope CA, Bates DV, Raizenne ME. Health effects of particulate air pollution: time for reassessment? Environ. Health Perspect. 1995;103:472-480.
  • Quay JL, Reed W, Samet J, Devlin RB. Air pollution particles induce IL- 6 gene expressin in human airway epithelial cells via NF- kB activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998;19:98–106.
  • Timblin C, BeruBe K, Churg A, et al. Ambient particulate matter causes activation of the c- jun kinase/ stress activated protein kinase cascad e and DNA synthesis in lung epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 1998;58:4543-4547.
  • Bonner JC, Rice AB, Lindross PM, et al. Induction of the lung myofbrosblast PDGF receptor system by urban ambient particles from Mexico City. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998;19:672-680.
  • Donaldson K, Li XY, MacNee W. Ultrafne (nanometre) particle mediated lung injury. J Aerosol Sci. 1998;29:553-560.
  • Gordon T, Nadziejko C, Schlesinger R, Chen LC. Pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of acute exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter in rats. Toxicol Lett. 1998;96-97:285–288.
  • Pope CA 3rd, Dockery DW, Kanner RE, Villegas GM, Schwartz J. Oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and particulate air pollution: a daily time- series panel study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:365-372.
  • Pope CA III, Dockery DW. Epidemiology of particle health effects. In: Air Pollution and Health. Holgate ST, Samet JM, Koren HS, Maynard RL, eds. London: Academic; 1999:295–324.
  • Peters A, Liu F. Air pollution and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia. Epidemiology. 2000;11:11–17.
  • Schwartz J, Dockery DW, Neas LM. Is daily mortality associated specifcally with fne particles? J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1996;46:927-939.
  • Pekkanen J, Timonen KL, Ruuskanen J, Reponen A, Mirme A. Effects of ultrafne and fne particles in urban air on peak expiratory flow among children with asthmatic symptoms. Environ Res. 1997;74:24–33.
  • Peters A, Wichmann HE, Tuch T, Heinrich J, Heyder J. Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafne particles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;115:1376-1383.
  • Schwartz J, Norris G, Larson T, Sheppard L, Claiborne C, Koenig J. Episodes of high coarse particle concentrations are not associated with increased mortality. Environ Health Perspect. 1999;107:339-342.
  • Sheppard L, Levy D, Norris G, Larson TV, Koenig JQ. Effects of ambient air pollution on nonelderly asthma hospital admissions in Seattle, Washington, 1987-1994. Epidemiology. 1999;10:23–30.
  • Churg A. The uptake of mineral particles by pulmonary epithelial cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:1124–1140.
  • Churg A, Wright J L, Stevens B. Exogenous mineral particles in the human bronchial mucosa and lung parenchyma, I: nonsmokers in the general population. Exp Lung Res. 1990:16:169-175.
  • Churg A, Stevens B. Mineral particles in the human bronchial mucosa, II: cigarette smokers without emphysema. Exp Lung Res. 1992;18:687-714.
  • Churg A, Vedal S. Carinal and tubular airway particle concentration in the large airways of nonsmokers in the general population: evidence for high particle concentration at airway carinas. Occup Environ Med. 1996;53:553-558.
  • Churg A, Brauer M. Human lung parenchyma retains PM2:5. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:2109-2111.
  • Churg A, Brauer M, Vedal S, Stevens B. Ambient mineral particles in the small airways of the normal human lung. J Environ Med. 1999;1:39–46.
  • Schulz H, Brand P, Heyder J. Particle deposition in the respiratory tract. In: Gehr P, Heyder J. eds. Particle-Lung Interactions. New York: Dekker; 2000:229–290.
  • Churg A. Quantitative methods for analysis of disease induced by asbestos and other mineral particles using the transmission electron microscope. In: Ingram P, Shelbourne JD, Roggli VL, eds. Microscope Analysis in Medicine. New York, Hemisphere; 1989:79–96.
  • Brook JR, Dann TF. The relationship among TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and inorganic constituents of atmospheric particulate matter at multiple Canadian locations. J Air Waste Manage Assoc. 1997;47:2–19.
  • Harrison RM, Jones M. Measurements of the physical properties of particles in the urban atmosphere. Atmospheric Environ. 1999;33:309-321.
  • Souca MB, Saldiva PHN, Pope CA, Capelozzi VL. Respiratory changes due to long- term exposure to urban levels of air pollutions. Chest. 1998;113:1312–1318.
  • Pinkerton KE, Green FHY, Saiki C, et al. Distribution of particulate matter and tissue remodeling in the human lung. Environ Health Perspect, in press.
  • Brody AR, Hill LH, Adkins B, O´Connor RW. Chrysotile asbestos inhalation in rats: deposition pattern and reaction of alveolar epithelium and pulmonary macrophages. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1981;123:670-679.
  • Hofmann W, Martonen TB. The signifcance of enhanced radionuclide deposition at bronchial bifurcations. Ann Occup Hyg 1988;2(suppl 1):1055-1065.
  • Wiggs BR, Bosken C, Pare PD, James A, Hogg JC. A model of airway narrowing in asthma and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145:1251-1258.
  • Kuhn C III, Homer RJ, Zhu Z, et al. Airway hyperresponsiveness and airway obstruction in transgenic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000;22:289-295.
  • Wright JL, Cagle P, Churg A, Colby TV, Myers J. Disease of the small airways. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146:240-262.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.