Latest Permian acritarchs from South China and the Micrhystridium/Veryhachium complex revisited

References

• Afonin , S A , Barinova , S S and Krassilov , V A . 2001 . A bloom of Tympanicysta Balme (green algae of zygnematalean affinities) at the Permian-Triassic boundary . Geodiversitas , 23 ( 4 ) : 481 – 487 .
   Google Scholar
• Balme , B E . 1970 . Palynology of Permian and Triassic strata in the Salt range and Surghar range, West Pakistan . Special Publication, University of Kansas, Department of Geology , 4 : 305 – 453 .
   Google Scholar
• Balme , B E . 1979 . Palynology of Permian-Triassic boundary beds at Kap Stosch, East Greenland . Medd Grønland , 200 ( 6 ) : 1 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Balme , B E and Hennelly , J PF . 1956 . Monolete, monocolpate, and alete sporomorphs from Australian Permian sediments . Aust J Bot , 4 ( 1 ) : 54 – 67 . doi: 10.1071/BT9560054
   Google Scholar
• Balme , B E and Playford , G . 1967 . Late Permian plant microfossils from the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica . Rev Micropaléontol. , 10 ( 3 ) : 179 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Besems , R E . 1981 . Aspects of middle and late Triassic palynology. 2. Preliminary palynological data from the Hornos-Siles Formation of the Prebetic Zone, NE province of Jaen (Southeastern Spain) . Rev Palaeobot Palynol. , 32 ( 4 ) : 389 – 400 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(81)90020-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat , G M , Ram , G and Koul , S . 2009 . Potential for oil and gas in the Proterozoic carbonates (Sirban Limestone) of Jammu, northern India . Geol Soc Lond Special Pub. , 326 ( 1 ) : 245 – 254 . doi: 10.1144/SP326.14
   Google Scholar
• Borge , O and Pascher , A . 1913 . “ Zygnemales ” . In Die Süßwasserflora Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz Edited by: Pascher , A . 51 Jena (Germany): Gustav Fischer Verlag; p. 9
   Google Scholar
• Butterfield , N J and Chandler , F W . 1992 . Paleoenvironmental distribution of Proterozoic microfossils, with an example from the Agu Bay Formation, Baffin Island . Palaeontology , 35 ( 4 ) : 943 – 957 .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , K . 1962 . “ Alger ” . In Botanik, 2. Copenhagen: Munksgaard Edited by: Bocher , T W , Lange , M and Sorensen , T . 178
   Google Scholar
• Colbath , G K and Grenfell , H R . 1995 . Review of biological affinities of Paleozoic acid-resistant, organic-walled eukaryotic algal microfossils (including “acritarchs”) . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 86 ( 3–4 ) : 287 – 314 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(94)00148-D
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collom , C J and Hills , L V . 1999 . Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 3833 , 37 Victoria (British Columbia): Natural Resources Canada Ottawa .
   Google Scholar
• Cookson , I C . 1956 . Additional Microplankton from Australian Late Mesozoic and Tertiary Sediments . Mar Freshwat Res , 7 ( 1 ) : 183 – 191 . doi: 10.1071/MF9560183
   Google Scholar
• Cookson , I C and Dettmann , M E . 1959 . On Schizosporis, a new form genus from Australian Cretaceous deposits . Micropaleontology , 5 ( 2 ) : 213 – 216 . doi: 10.2307/1484210
   Google Scholar
• Cramer , F H . 1964 . Microplankton from three Palaeozoic formations in the Province of León, NW Spain . Leidse Geol Med. , 30 : 253 – 361 .
   Google Scholar
• Deflandre , G . 1935 . Considérations biologiques sur les microorganismes d’origine planctonique conservés dans les silex de la craie . Bull Biol France Belg. , 69 : 213 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Deflandre , G . 1937 . Microfossiles des silex crétacés: Flagellés incertae sedis, Hystrichosphaeridés, Sarcodinés, organismes divers . Annal Paléontol. , 26 : 51 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Deflandre , G . 1945 . Microfossiles des calcaires siluriens de la Montagne Noire . Annal Paléontol. , 31 : 41 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Deflandre , G . 1947 . Le probléme des Hystrichosphères . Bull l’Institut Océanograph (Monaco) , 919 : 23
   Google Scholar
• Deunff , J . 1954 . Veryhachium, genre nouveau d’Hystrichosphères du Primaire . Comp Rendu Somm Séances Soci Géol France , 13 : 305 – 306 .
   Google Scholar
• Deunff , J . 1959 . Microorganismes planctoniques du Primaire armoricain: Ordovicien du Veryhac’h (presqu’île de Crozon) . Bull Soc Géol minéral Bretagne , 2 : 1 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Dorning , K J . 1981 . Silurian acritarchs from the type Wenlock and Ludlow of Shropshire, England . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 34 ( 2 ) : 175 – 203 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(81)90037-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downie , C and Sarjeant , W AS . 1963 . On the interpretation and status of some hystrichosphere genera . Palaeontology , 6 ( 1 ) : 83 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenack , A . 1938 . Hystrichosphäerideen und verwandte Formen im baltischen Silur . Zeits Geschiebeforschung Flachlandgeol. , 14 ( 1 ) : 1 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenack , A . 1955 . Chitinozoen, Hystrichosphären und andere Mikrofossilien aus dem Beyrichia-Kalk . Senckenbergiana Lethaea , 36 ( 1–2 ) : 157 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenack , A . 1958 . Mikroplankton aus dem norddeutschen Apt, nebst einigen Bemerkungen über fossile Dinoflagellaten . Neues Jahr Geol Paläontol Abhand. , 39 ( 5–6 ) : 389 – 405 .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenack , A . 1969 . Zur systematik einiger paläozoischer Hystrichosphären (Acritarcha) des baltischen Gebietes . Neues Jahr Geol Paläontol Abhand. , 133 ( 3 ) : 245 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Eley , B E and Legault , J A . 1988 . Palynomorphs from the Manitoulin Formation (Early Llandovery) of southern Ontario . Palynology , 12 ( 1 ) : 49 – 63 . doi: 10.1080/01916122.1988.9989336
   Google Scholar
• Elsik , W C . 1999 . Reduviasporonites Wilson 1962: Synonymy of the fungal organism involved in the late Permian crisis . Palynology , 23 : 37 – 41 . doi: 10.1080/01916122.1999.9989519
   Google Scholar
• Eshet , Y , Rampino , M R and Visscher , H . 1995 . Fungal event and palynological record of ecological crisis and recovery across the Permian-Triassic boundary . Geology , 23 ( 11 ) : 967 – 970 . doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0967:FEAPRO>2.3.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evitt , W R . 1963 . A discussion and proposals concerning fossil dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres, and acritarchs, II . Proc Nat Acad Sci USA , 49 ( 3 ) : 298 – 302 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.49.3.298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farabee , M J , Taylor , E L and Taylor , T N . 1991 . Late Permian palynomorphs from the Buckley Formation, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 69 ( 4 ) : 353 – 368 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(91)90037-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng , Q L and Gu , S Z . 2002 . Uppermost Changxingian (Permian) radiolarian fauna from southern Guizhou, southwestern China . J Paleontol , 76 ( 5 ) : 797 – 809 . doi: 10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0797:UCPRFF>2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng , Q L , He , W H , Gu , S Z , Meng , Y Y , Jin , Y X and Zhang , F . 2007 . Radiolarian evolution during the latest Permian in South China . Global Planet Change , 55 ( 1–3 ) : 177 – 192 . doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.06.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fensome , R A , Williams , G L , Barss , M S , Freeman , J M and Hill , J M . 1990 . Acritarchs and fossil Prasinophytes: An index to genera, species and intraspecific taxa . American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation , 25 : 771 p
   Google Scholar
• Filipiak , P . 2009 . Lower Famennian phytoplankton from the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 157 ( 3–4 ) : 326 – 338 . doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster , C B . 1979 . Permian plant microfossils of the Blair Athol Coal Measures, Baralaba Coal Measures, and basal Rewan Formation of Queensland . Geological Survey of Queensland Publications , : 244 p
   Google Scholar
• Foster , C B , Stephenson , M H , Marshall , C , Logan , G A and Greenwood , P F . 2002 . A revision of Reduviasporonites Wilson 1962: description, illustration, comparison and biological affinities . Palynology , 26 ( 1 ) : 35 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Gao , L D . 1986 . Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous acritarchs from Nyalam county, Xizang (Tibet), China . Rev Palaeobot Palyno , 47 ( 1–2 ) : 17 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaucher , C , Blanco , G , Chiglino , L , Poiré , D and Germs , G JB . 2008 . Acritarchs of Las Ventanas Formation (Ediacaran, Uruguay): Implications for the timing of coeval rifting and glacial events in western Gondwana . Gondwana Res , 13 ( 4 ) : 488 – 501 . doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2007.05.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaucher , C and Germs , G JB . 2006 . Recent advances in South African Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic biostratigraphy: correlation of the Cango Caves and Gamtoos Groups and acritarchs of the Sardinia Bay Formation, Saldania Belt . S Afr J Geol , 109 ( 1–2 ) : 193 – 214 . doi: 10.2113/gssajg.109.1-2.193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelsthorpe , D N . 2004 . Microplankton changes through the early Silurian Ireviken extinction event on Gotland, Sweden . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 130 ( 1–4 ) : 89 – 103 . doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2003.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grice , K , Twitchett , R J , Alexander , R , Foster , C B and Looy , C V . 2005 . A potential biomarker for the Permian–Triassic ecological crisis . Earth Planet Sci Lett. , 236 ( 1–2 ) : 315 – 321 . doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.05.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankel , O . 1992 . Late Permian to early Triassic microfloral assemblages from the Maji y a Chumvi Formation, Kenya . Rev Palaeobot Palyno , 72 ( 1–2 ) : 129 – 147 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(92)90181-F
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , G F . 1965 . The systematics and distribution of Permian miospores , 252 Johannesburg , , South Africa : Witwatersrand University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hays , L E , Grice , K , Foster , C B and Summons , R E . 2011 . Biomarker and isotopic trends in a Permian–Triassic sedimentary section at Kap Stosch, Greenland . Org Geochem , 43 : 67 – 82 . doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , W H , Feng , Q L , Weldon , E A , Gu , S Z , Meng , Y Y , Zhang , F. and Wu , S. B. 2007a . A late Permian to early Triassic bivalve fauna from the Dongpan Section, southern Guangxi, South China . J Paleontol , 81 ( 5 ) : 1009 – 1019 . doi: 10.1666/pleo05-158.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , W H , Shen , S Z , Feng , Q L and Gu , S Z . 2005 . A late Changhsingian (Late Permian) deepwater brachiopod fauna from the Talung Formation at the Dongpan section, southern Guangxi, South China . J Paleontol , 79 ( 5 ) : 927 – 938 . doi: 10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0927:ALCLPD]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , W H , Shi , G R , Feng , Q L , Campi , M J , Gu , S Z , Bu , J Z , Peng , Y Q and Meng , Y Y . 2007b . Brachiopod miniaturization and its possible causes during the Permian–Triassic crisis in deep water environments, South China . Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. , 252 ( 1 ) : 145 – 163 . doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , W H , Shi , G R , Gao , Y Q , Peng , Y Q and Zhang , Y . 2008 . A new Early Triassic microgastropod fauna from the Zhongzhai Section, Guizhou, southwestern China . Proc Royal Soc Vic. , 120 ( 1 ) : 157 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Higgs , K T , Finucane , D and Tunbridge , I P . 2002 . Late Devonian and early Carboniferous microfloras from the HakkarI Province of southeastern Turkey . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 118 ( 1–4 ) : 141 – 156 . doi: 10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00111-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong , H L , Xie , S C and Lai , X L . 2011 . Volcanism in association with the prelude to mass extinction and environment change across the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB), southern China . Clay Miner , 59 ( 5 ) : 478 – 489 . doi: 10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong , H L , Zhang , N , Li , Z H , Xue , H , Xia , W and Yu , N . 2008 . Clay mineralogy across the PT boundary of the Xiakou section, China: Evidence of clay provenance and environment . Clay Miner , 56 ( 2 ) : 131 – 143 . doi: 10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz , A . 1973 . Late Permian palynomorphs from southern Israel . Pollen Spore. , 15 ( 2 ) : 315 – 341 .
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz , A . 1974 . Espéces du genre Veryhachium du Permo-Trias du Sud d’Israel . Rev Micropaléontol. , 17 ( 2 ) : 75 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz , A . 1990 . Palynology and paleoenvironment of uranium deposits in the Permian Beaufort Group, South Africa . Ore Geol Rev. , 5 ( 5–6 ) : 537 – 540 . doi: 10.1016/0169-1368(90)90052-O
   Google Scholar
• Ilyina , N V and Egorov , A Y . 2008 . The Upper Triassic of northern Middle Siberia: stratigraphy and palynology . Polar Res. , 27 ( 3 ) : 372 – 392 . doi: 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2008.00083.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson , S R , Wardlaw , B R and Saxton , J D . 1982 . Acritarchs from the Phosphoria and Park City Formations (Permian, Northeastern Utah) . J Paleontol , 56 ( 2 ) : 449 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankauskas , T V . 1989 . Mikrofossilii dokembriia SSSR , 188 p Leningrad : Nauka .
   Google Scholar
• Jansonius , J . 1962 . Palynology of Permian and Triassic sediments, Peace River area, western Canada . Palaeontograph Abt B , 110 ( 1–4 ) : 35 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Jiang , H S , Lai , X L , Yan , C B , Aldridge , R , Wignall , P B and Sun , Y D . 2011 . Revised conodont zonation and conodont evolution across the Permian–Triassic boundary at the Shangsi section, Guangyuan, Sichuan, South China . Global Planet Change , 77 ( 3–4 ) : 103 – 115 . doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , N G . 1985 . Early Silurian palynomorphs from the Tuscarora Formation in central Pennsylvania and their paleobotanical and geological significance . Rev Palaeobot Palyno , 45 ( 3–4 ) : 307 – 359 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(85)90006-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalgutkar , R M and Braman , D R . 2008 . Santonian To ?Earliest Campanian (Late Cretaceous) Fungi from the Milk River Formation, Southern Alberta, Canada . Palynology , 32 ( 1 ) : 39 doi: 10.2113/gspalynol.32.1.39
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konzalová , O FM . 1995 . Microfossils of the Paseky Shale (Lower Cambrian, Czech Republic) . J Czech Geol Soc. , 40 ( 4 ) : 55 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Kützing , F T . 1843 . Phycologia generalis , 458 Leipzig : Brockhaus .
   Google Scholar
• Lai , X L , Yang , F Q , Hallam , A and Wignall , P . 1996 . “ The Shangsi section, candidate of the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic boundary ” . In The Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Boundary. Candidates of Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary , Edited by: Yin , H F . 113 – 124 . Wuhan : China University of Geosciences Press .
   Google Scholar
• Le Hérissé , A , Dorning , K J , Mullins , G L and Wicander , R . 2009 . Global patterns of organic-walled phytoplankton biodiversity during the Late Silurian to Earliest Devonian . Palynology , 33 ( 1 ) : 25 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei , Y , Servais , T and Feng , Q L . 2013 . The diversity of the Permian phytoplankton . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei , Y , Servais , T , Feng , Q L and He , W H . 2012 . The spatial (nearshore-offshore) distribution of latest Permian phytoplankton from the Yangtze Block, South China . Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. , 363–364 : 151 – 162 . doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.09.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonov , M V and Ragozina , A L . 2007 . Upper Vendian assemblages of carbonaceous micro-and macrofossils in the White Sea Region: systematic and biostratigraphic aspects . Geol Soc Lond Special Pub. , 286 ( 1 ) : 269 – 275 . doi: 10.1144/SP286.19
   Google Scholar
• Li , J , Servais , T and Brocke , R . 2002 . Chinese Paleozoic acritarch research: review and perspectives . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 118 ( 1–4 ) : 181 – 193 . doi: 10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00113-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , J , Cao , C Q , Servais , T and Zhu , Y H . 2004 . Later Permian acritarchs from Meishan (SE China) in the context of Permian palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology . Neues Jahrb Geol Paläontol Monatshefte , 2004–7 : 427 – 448 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , Z S , Zhan , L P , Zhu , X F , Zhang , J H , Jin , R G , Liu , G F , Sheng , H B , Shen , G M , Dai , J Y , Huang , H Q , Xie , L C and Yan , Z . 1986 . Mass extinction and geological events between Palaeozoic and Mesozoic era . Acta Geol Sin , 60 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Mädler , K . 1963 . Die figurierten organischen Bestandteile der Posidonienschiefer . Geologisch Jahr Beihefte , 58 : 287 – 406 .
   Google Scholar
• Mangerud , G . 1994 . Palynostratigraphy of the Permian and lowermost Triassic succession, Finnmark Platform, Barents Sea . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 82 ( 3–4 ) : 317 – 349 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(94)90082-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marhoumi , R and Rauscher , R . 1984 . Un plancton Dévonien de la Méseta orientale au Maroc . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 43 ( 1–3 ) : 237 – 253 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(84)90035-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslov , A V . 2004 . Riphean and Vendian sedimentary sequences of the Timanides and Uralides, the eastern periphery of the East European Craton . Geol Soc Lond Mem. , 30 ( 1 ) : 19 – 35 . doi: 10.1144/GSL.MEM.2004.030.01.03
   Google Scholar
• Mautino , L R , Vergel , M DM and Anzótegui , L M . 1998 . Palinologia de la Formacion Melo (Permico inferior) en Arroyo Seco, Departamento Rivera, Uruguay, Parte V: Granos de polen, acritarcas E Incertae sedis . Ameghiniana , 35 ( 3 ) : 299 – 314 .
   Google Scholar
• McMinn , A . 1982 . Late Permian acritarchs from the northern Sydney Basin . J Proc Royal Soc NSW , 115 : 79 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Metcalfe , I and Nicoll , R S . 2007 . Conodont biostratigraphic control on transitional marine to non-marine Permian-Triassic boundary sequences in Yunnan-Guizhou, China . Palaeogeograph Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. , 252 ( 1–2 ) : 56 – 65 . doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moczydłowska , M . 2008 . The Ediacaran microbiota and the survival of Snowball Earth conditions . Precamb Res. , 167 ( 1–2 ) : 1 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau-Benoit , A . 1984 . Acritarches et chitinozoaires du Dévonien moyen et supérieur de Libye occidentale . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 43 ( 1–3 ) : 187 – 216 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(84)90033-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullins , G L and Servais , T . 2008 . The diversity of the Carboniferous phytoplankton . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 149 ( 1–2 ) : 29 – 49 . doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naumova , S N . 1949 . Spores of the Lower Cambrian . Izvestiya Akad Nauk SSSR, Ser Geolog. , 4 : 49 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Ouyang , S . 1982 . Upper Permian and Lower Triassic palynomorphs from eastern Yunnan, China . Can J Earth Sci , 19 ( 1 ) : 68 – 80 . doi: 10.1139/e82-006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang , S . 1986 . Palynology of Upper Permian and Lower Triassic strata of Fuyuan district, Eastern Yunan . Palaeont Sin. , 169 ( 9 ) : 1 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Ouyang , S and Utting , J . 1990 . Palynology of upper Permian and lower Triassic rocks, Meishan, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, China . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 66 ( 1–2 ) : 65 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascher , A . 1914 . Über Flagellaten und Algen . Berichte Deutsch Botanisch Gesellschaft , 32 : 136 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Pérez Loinaze , V S , Césari , S N , López Gamundí , O and Buatois , L . 2010 . Palynology of the Permian San Miguel Formation (Western Paraná Basin, Paraguay): Gondwanan biostratigraphic correlations . Geol Acta , 8 ( 4 ) : 483 – 493 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce , S T . 1976 . Morphology of Schizosporis reticulatus Cookson and Dettmann 1959 . Geoscience Man , 15 ( 1 ) : 25 – 33 . doi: 10.1080/00721395.1976.9989770
   Google Scholar
• Porter , R . 1988 . Palynological evidence for Jurassic microplankton provinces in Great Britain . Rev Palaeobot Palyno , 56 ( 1–2 ) : 21 – 39 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(88)90072-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quadros , L P . 2002 . Acritarcos e tasmanites do Permo-Carbonífero da bacia do Paraná . Rev Inst Geol. , 23 ( 1 ) : 39 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Riegel , W . 1996 . The geologic significance of the Late Paleozoic phytoplankton blackout . IX IPC Meeting. Abstracts volume. Houston (TX): American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists , : 133 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Riegel , W . 2008 . The Late Palaeozoic phytoplankton blackout - Artefact or evidence of global change . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 148 ( 2–4 ) : 73 – 90 . doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Round , F E . 1971 . The taxonomy of the Chlorophyta. II . British Phycolog J. , 6 ( 2 ) : 235 – 264 . doi: 10.1080/00071617100650261
   Google Scholar
• Sarjeant , W AS . 1962 . Microplankton from the Ampthill Clay of Melton, South Yorkshire . Palaeontology , 5 ( 3 ) : 478 – 497 .
   Google Scholar
• Sarjeant , W AS , Kummel , B and Teichert , C . 1970 . Acritarchs and tasmanitids from the Chhidru Formation, uppermost Permian of West Pakistan. Stratigraphical Boundary Problems: Permian and Triassic of West Pakistan . Univ Kansas Special Pub , 4 : 277 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Sarjeant , W AS and Stancliffe , R PW . 1994 . The Micrhystridium and Veryhachium complexes (Acritarcha: Acanthomorphitae and Polygonomorphitae); a taxonomic reconsideration . Micropaleontology , 40 ( 1 ) : 1 – 77 . doi: 10.2307/1485800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaarschmidt , F . 1963 . Sporen und Hystrichosphaerideen aus dem Zechstein von Büdingen in der Wetterau . Palaeontograp Abt B , 113 ( 1–4 ) : 38 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Schulz , E . 1965 . Sporae dispersae aus der Trias von Thüringen . Abhandlungen des ZGI , 1 : 257 – 287 .
   Google Scholar
• Segroves , K L . 1967 . Cutinized microfossils of probable nonvascular origin from the Permian of Western Australia . Micropaleontology , 13 ( 3 ) : 289 – 305 . doi: 10.2307/1484831
   Google Scholar
• Sephton , M A , Visscher , H , Looy , C V , Verchovsky , A B and Watson , J S . 2009 . Chemical constitution of a Permian-Triassic disaster species . Geology , 37 ( 10 ) : 875 – 878 . doi: 10.1130/G30096A.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servais , T . 1996 . Some considerations on acritarch classification . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 93 ( 1–4 ) : 9 – 22 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(95)00117-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servais , T , Lehnert , O , Li , J , Mullins , G L , Munnecke , A , Nützel , A and Vecoli , M . 2008 . The Ordovician Biodiversification: revolution in the oceanic trophic chain . Lethaia , 41 ( 2 ) : 99 – 109 . doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00115.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servais , T , Nützel , A and Mullins , G L . 2006 . Was there a phytoplankton blackout in the late Paleozoic? . Palynology , 30 : 228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servais , T , Li , J , Stricanne , L , Vecoli , M and Wicander , R . 2004 . “ Acritarchs ” . In The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event , Edited by: Webby , B D , Droser , M L , Paris , F and Percival , I G . 348 – 360 . New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Servais , T , Vecoli , M , Li , J , Molyneux , S G , Raevskaya , E G , Rubinstein , C and Claudia , V . 2007 . The acritarch genus Veryhachium Deunff 1954: taxonomic evaluation and first appearance . Palynology , 31 : 191 – 203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen , J , Algeo , T J , Hu , Q , Zhang , N , Zhou , L , Xia , W C , Xie , S C and Feng , Q L . 2012a . Negative C-isotope excursions at the Permian-Triassic boundary linked to volcanism . Geology , 40 : 963 – 966 . doi: 10.1130/G33329.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen , J , Algeo , T J , Zhou , L , Feng , Q L , Yu , J X and Ellwood , B . 2012b . Volcanic perturbations of the marine environment in South China preceding the latest Permian mass extinction and their biotic effects . Geobiology , 10 ( 1 ) : 82 – 103 . doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00306.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen , S Z , Crowley , J L , Wang , Y , Bowring , S A , Erwin , D H , Sadler , P M , Cao , C Q , Rothman , D H , Henderson , C M and Ramezani , J . 2011 . Calibrating the end-Permian mass extinction . Science , 334 ( 6061 ) : 1367 – 1372 . doi: 10.1126/science.1213454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stancliffe , R PW . 1990 . Acritarchs and other non-Dinophycean marine palynomorphs from the Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) of Skye, Western Scotland and Dorset, Southern England . Palynology , 14 : 175 – 192 . doi: 10.1080/01916122.1990.9989379
   Google Scholar
• Stanevich , A M , Maksimova , E N , Kornilova , T A , Mazukabzov , A M and Gladkochub , D P . 2007 . Microfossils of the late Proterozoic Debengdinskaya Formation of the Olenekskiy uplift . Bull Tomsk Polytechnic Univ. , 311 ( 1 ) : 9 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Staplin , F L . 1961 . Reef-controlled distribution of Devonian microplankton in Alberta . Palaeontology , 4 ( 3 ) : 392 – 424 .
   Google Scholar
• Staplin , F L , Jansonius , J and Pocock , S AJ . 1965 . Evaluation of some acritarchous hystrichosphere genera . Neues Jahr Geol Paläontol Abhand. , 123 ( 2 ) : 167 – 201 .
   Google Scholar
• Steiner , M and Fatka , O . 1996 . Lower Cambrian tubular micro-to macrofossils from the Paseky Shale of the Barrandian area (Czech Republic) . Paläntol Zeits. , 70 ( 3 ) : 275 – 299 .
   Google Scholar
• Stockmans , F and Willière , Y . 1960 . Hystrichosphères du Dévonien belge (Sondage de l’Asile d’alienés à Tournai) . Sencken Lethaea , 41 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Stockmans , F and Willière , Y . 1962 . Hystrichosphères du Dévonien belge (Sondage de l’Asile d’alienés à Tournai) . Bull Soc Belge Géol Paléontol Hydrol. , 71 : 41 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Stockmans , F and Willière , Y . 1963 . Les Hystrichosphères ou mieux les Acritarches du Silurien Belge. Sondage de la Brasserie Lust à Courtrai (Kortrijk) . Bull Soc Belge Géol Paléontol Hydrol. , 71 ( 3 ) : 450 – 481 .
   Google Scholar
• Stolle , E . 2007 . Regional Permian palynological correlations: Southeast Turkey-Northern Iraq . Comun Geol. , 94 : 125 – 143 .
   Google Scholar
• Stolle , E . 2010 . Recognition of southern Gondwanan palynomorphs at Gondwana's northern margin and biostratigraphic correlation of Permian strata from SE Turkey and Australia . Geol J. , 45 ( 2–3 ) : 336 – 349 . doi: 10.1002/gj.1215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stricanne , L , Munnecke , A and Pross , J . 2006 . Assessing mechanisms of environmental change: Palynological signals across the Late Ludlow (Silurian) positive isotope excursion (δ13C, δ18O) on Gotland, Sweden . Palaeogeograp Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. , 230 ( 1–2 ) : 1 – 31 . doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strother , P K . 1996 . “ Acritarchs ” . In Palynology: Principles and Applications , Edited by: Jansonius , J and McGregor , D C . 81 – 106 . Dallas (TX): American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Utting , J . 1978 . Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 593 , 17 Ottawa : Natural Resources Canada, Geological Society of Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Utting , J , Spina , A , Jansonius , J , McGregor , D C and Marshall , J EA . 2004 . Reworked miospores in the Upper Paleozoic and Lower Triassic of the northern circum-polar area and selected localities . Palynology , 28 : 75
   Google Scholar
• Utting , J , Zonneveld , J P , MacNaughton , R B , Fallas , K M and Deunff , J . 2005 . Palynostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy and thermal maturity of the Lower Triassic Toad and Grayling, and Montney formations of western Canada, and comparisons with coeval rocks of the Sverdrup Basin, Nunavut . Bull Can Petrol Geol , 53 ( 1 ) : 5 – 24 . doi: 10.2113/53.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valensi , L. 1953 . Microfossiles des silex du Jurassique moyen: Remarques pétrographiques . Mém Soc Géol France , 32 ( 4 ) : 1 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Van de Schootbrugge , B , Bailey , T R , Rosenthal , Y , Katz , M E , Wright , J D , Miller , K G , Feist-Burkhardt , S and Falkowski , P G . 2005 . Early Jurassic climate change and the radiation of organic-walled phytoplankton in the Tethys Ocean . Paleobiology , 31 ( 1 ) : 73 – 97 . doi: 10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031<0073:EJCCAT>2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Schootbrugge , B , Tremolada , F , Rosenthal , Y , Bailey , T R , Feist-Burkhardt , S , Brinkhuis , H , Pross , J , Kent , D V and Falkowski , P G . 2007 . End-Triassic calcification crisis and blooms of organic-walled ‘disaster species’ . Palaeogeograph Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. , 244 ( 1–4 ) : 126 – 141 . doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vavrdová , M . 1966 . Palaeozoic microplankton from central Bohemia . Casopis Mineral Geol , 11 ( 4 ) : 409 – 414 .
   Google Scholar
• Vavrdová , M . 2008 . Proterozoic acritarchs from the Precambrian-Cambrian transition in southern Moravia (Mìnín-1 borehole, Czech Republic) . Bull Geosci. , 83 ( 1 ) : 85 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visscher , H , Brinkhuis , H , Dilcher , D L , Elsik , W C , Eshet , Y , Looy , C V , Rampino , M R and Traverse , A . 1996 . The terminal Paleozoic fungal event: evidence of terrestrial ecosystem destabilization and collapse . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 93 ( 5 ) : 2155 – 2158 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.5.2155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visscher , H and Brugman , W A . 1981 . Ranges of selected palynomorphs in the Alpine Triassic of Europe . Rev Palaeobot Palynol , 34 ( 1 ) : 115 – 128 . doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(81)90069-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visscher , H , Sephton , M A and Looy , C V . 2011 . Fungal virulence at the time of the end-Permian biosphere crisis? . Geology , 39 ( 9 ) : 883 – 886 . doi: 10.1130/G32178.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vorob’eva , N G , Sergeev , V N and Knoll , A H . 2009 . Neoproterozoic microfossils from the northeastern margin of the East European Platform . J Paleontol , 83 ( 2 ) : 161 – 196 . doi: 10.1666/08-064.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall , D . 1965 . Microplankton, pollen, and spores from the Lower Jurassic in Britain . Micropaleontology , 11 ( 2 ) : 151 – 190 . doi: 10.2307/1484516
   Google Scholar
• Wall , D and Downie , C . 1963 . Permian hystrichospheres from Britain . Palaeontology , 5 ( 4 ) : 770 – 784 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , G Q and Xia , W C . 2004 . Conodont zonation across the Permian Triassic boundary at the Xiakou section, Yichang City, Hubei Province and its correlation with the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the PTB . Can J Earth Sci , 41 ( 3 ) : 323 – 330 . doi: 10.1139/e04-008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , L R . 1962 . A Permian fungus spore type from the Flowerpot Formation of Oklahoma . Okla Geol Notes , 22 ( 4 ) : 91 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , G D and Elsik , W C . 1999 . Paleoecologic and stratigraphic importance of the fungus Reduviasporonites stoschianus from the ‘Early-Middle’ Pennsylvanian of the Copacabana Formation, Peru . Palynology , 23 : 43 – 53 . doi: 10.1080/01916122.1999.9989520
   Google Scholar
• Zonneveld , J P , Beatty , T W , MacNaughton , R B , Pemberton , S G , Utting , J and Henderson , C M . 2010 . Sedimentology and ichnology of the Lower Triassic Montney Formation in the Pedigree-Ring/Border-Kahntah River area, northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia . Bull Can Petrol Geol , 58 ( 2 ) : 115 – 140 . doi: 10.2113/gscpgbull.58.2.115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar