Influence of DOC on the Inactivation Efficiency of Ozonation Assessed with Clostridium perfringens and a Lab-Scale Continuous Flow System

REFERENCES

• Bader , H. and Hoigne , L. 1982 . Determination of Ozone in Water by the Indigo Method: A Submitted Standard Method . Ozone: Sci. Eng. , 4 : 169 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chick , H. 1908 . An Investigation of the Laws of Disinfection . J. Hyg. , 8 : 92 – 157 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Craik , S. A. , Finch , G. R. , Leparc , J. and Chandrakanth , M. S. 2002 . The Effect of Ozone Gas-Liquid Contacting Conditions in a Static Mixer on Microorganism Reduction . Ozone Sci. Eng. , 23 : 91 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driedger , A. , Staub , E. , Pinkernell , U. , Mariňas , B. , Koster , W. and Gunten , U. von. 2001 . Incativation of Bacillus Subtilis spores and formation of bromate during ozonation . Wat. Res. , 35 : 2950 – 2960 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farooq , S. , Engelbrecht , R. S. and Chian , E. S. K. 1977 . The Effect of Ozone Bubbles on Disinfection . Prog. Wat. Technol. , 9 : 233 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• Finch , G. R. , Haas , C. N. , Oppenheimer , J. A. , Gordon , G. and Trussell , R. R. 2001 . Design Criteria for Inactivation of Cryptosporidium . Ozone: Sci. Eng. , 23 : 259 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finch , G. R. and Smith , D. W. 1991 . Pllot-Scale Evaluation of the Effect of Mixing on Ozone Disinfection of Escherichia coli in a Semi-Batch, Stirred Tank Reactor . Ozone: sci. Eng. , 13 : 593 – 604 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas , Ch. N. , Joffe , J. , Ammangandla , U. , Jacangelo , J. G. and Heath , M. 1996 . Water Quality and Disinfection Kinetics . Jour. AWWA., , 88 ( 3 ) : 95 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmer , R. D. and Finch , G. R. 1993 . Use of MS2 coliphage as a Surrogate for Enteric Viruses in Surface Waters Disinfected with Ozone . Ozone: Sci. Eng. , 15 : 279 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hijnen , W. A. M. , Speld , W. M. H. Van der. , Houtepen , F. A. P. and Kooij , D. Van der. 1997 . “Spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia: a surrogate parameter for assessing the effects of water treatment processes on protozoan (oo)cysts? ” . In Proc. Int. Symp. on waterborne Cryptosporidium, Edited by: Fricker , C. R. , Clancy , J. L. and Rochelle , P. A. 115 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Hijnen , W. A. M. , Willemsen-Zwaagstra , J. , Hiemstra , P. , Medema , G. J. and Kooij , D. van der. 2000a . Removal of sulphite-reducing clostridia spores by full scale water treatment processes as a surrogate protozoan (oo)cysts removal . Wat. Sci. and Technol. , 41 ( 7 ) : 165 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hijnen , W. A. M. , Veenendaal , D. , Speld , W. M. H. Van der. , Visser , A. , Hoogenboezem , W. and Kooij , D. Van der. 2000b . Enumeration of faecal indicator bacteria in large water volumes using on site membrane filtration to assess water treatment efficiency . Wat. Res. , 34 : 1659 – 1665 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hijnen , W. A. M. , Boskiopper , Th. G. J. , Hofman , J. A. M. H. , Bosch , A. D. and Medema , G. J. 2001 . “ Improvement of the disinfection efficiency of the full-scale ozonation of the River-lake waterworks of Amsterdam Water Supply ” . In Proc. 15^th IOA World congress Vol. 1 , 250 London
   Google Scholar
• Hijnen , W. A. M. , Veer , A. J. van der. , Beveren en , J. van. and Medema , G. J. 2002 . Spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC) as surrogate for verification inactivation capacity of full-scale ozonation for Cryptosporidium . Wat. Sci. and Technol.: Water Supply , 2 ( 1 ) : 163 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Le Chevallier , M. W. , Evans , T. M. and Seidler , R. J. 1981 . Effect of Turbidity on Chlorination Efficiency and Bacterial Persistence in Drinking Water . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 42 : 159 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masschelein , W. J. 1982 . The Direct Action of Dispersed Ozonized Gas Bubbles , 93 New York : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Payment , P. and Franco , E. 1993 . Clostridium perfringens and Somatic Coliphages as Indicators of the Efficiency of Drinking Water Treatment fro Viruses and Protozoan Cysts . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 59 : 2418 – 2424 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , E. W. , Fox , K. R. , Miltner , R. J. , Lytle , D. A. and Johnson , C. H. 1996 . Evaluating Plant Performance with Endospores . J. AWWA , 88 ( 9 ) : 122 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huben, , H. Von . 1991 . “Surface Water Treatment: The New Rules ” . In Final report American Water Works Assoc. Denver, CO
   Google Scholar
• Watson , H. E. 1908 . A Note on the Variation of the Rate of Disinfection with Change in the Concentration of the Disinfectant . J. Hyg. , 8 : 536 – 542 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar