Recent Technologies for Ballast Water Treatment

REFERENCES

• Bai , X , Bai , M. , Zhang , Z. and Yang , B. 2004 . The Kill of Invasive Marine Species Using Advanced Oxidation Technology . Plasma Sci. ,
   Google Scholar
• Bailey , S.A. , Duggan , I.C. , Van Overdijk , C.D.A. , Johengen , T.H. , Reid , D.F. and MacIsaac , H.J. 2004 . Salinity Tolerance of Diapausing Eggs of Freshwater Zooplankton . Freshwater Biol. , 49 : 286 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey , S.A. , Nandakumar , K. and MacIsaac , H.J. 2006 . Does Saltwater Flushing Reduce Viability of Diapausing Eggs in Ship Ballast Sediment? . Diversity Distribut. , 12 : 328 – 335 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , S.C. , Hayes , K.R. , Hewitt , C.L. , Behrens , H.L. , Dragsund , E. and Bakke , S.M. 2008 . Ballast Water Risk Assessment: Principles, Processes, and Methods . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 65 : 121 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bax , N. , Williamson , A. , Aguero , M. , Gonzalez , E. and Geeves , W. 2003 . Marine Invasive Alien Species: A Threat to Global Biodiversity . Mar. Pol. , 27 : 313 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolch , C.J.S. and Salas , M.F. 2007 . A Review of the Molecular Evidence for Ballast Water Introduction of the Toxic Dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum and the Alexandrium ‘‘Tamarensis Complex’’ to Australasia . Harmful Algae , 6 : 465 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brickman , D. and Smith , P.C. 2007 . Variability in Invasion Risk for Ballast Water Exchange on the Scotian Shelf of Eastern Canada . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 54 : 863 – 874 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkholder , J.M. , Hallegraeff , G.M. , Melia , G. , Cohen , A. , Bowers , H.A. , Oldach , D.W. , Parrowh , M.W. , Sullivan , M.J. , Zimba , P.V. , Allen , E.H. , Kinder , C.A. and Mallin , M.A. 2007 . Phytoplankton and Bacterial Assemblages in Ballast Water of U.S. Military Ships as a Function of Port of Origin, Voyage Time, and Ocean Exchange Practices . Harmful Algae , 6 : 486 – 518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champ , M.A. 2002 . Marine Testing Board for Certification Of Ballast Water Treatment Technologies . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 44 : 1327 – 1335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelossi , E. and Faimali , M. 2006 . Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Efficacy of New Potential Biocides for Treatment of Cooling and Ballast Waters . Sci. Total Environ. , 356 : 1 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christen , K. 2004 . UN Sets Treatment Standard for Ballast Water . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38 : 153A – 154A .
   Google Scholar
• David , M. and Perkovic , M. 2004 . Ballast Water Sampling As A Critical Component Of Biological Invasions Risk Management . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 49 : 313 – 318 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doblin , M.A. and Dobbs , F.C. 2006 . Setting a Size-Exclusion Limit to Remove Toxic Dinoflagellate Cysts From Ships' Ballast Water . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 52 : 259 – 263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doelle , M. , McConnell , M.L. and VanderZwaag , D.L. 2007 . Invasive Seaweeds: Global and Regional Law and Policy Responses . Botan. Mar. , 50 : 438 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake , L.A. , Doblin , M.A. and Dobbs , F.C. 2007 . Potential Microbial Bioinvasions Via Ships' Ballast Water, Sediment, and Biofilm . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 55 : 333 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eames , I. , Landeryou , M. , Greig , A. and Snellings , J. 2008 . Continuous Flushing of Contaminants From Ballast Water Tanks . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 56 : 250 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endresen , O. , Behrens , H.L. , Brynestad , S. , Andersen , A.B. and Skjong , R. 2004 . Challenges in Global Ballast Water Management . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 48 ( 7–8 ) : 615 – 623 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flagella , M.M. , Verlaque , M. , Soria , A. and Buia , M.C. 2007 . Macroalgal Survival in Ballast Water Tanks . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 54 : 1395 – 1401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs , R. and de Wilde , I. 2004 . “ PERACLEAN Ocean: A Potentially Environmentally Friendly and Effective Treatment Option for Ballast Water ” . In Second International Symposium on Ballast Water Treatment , Edited by: Matheickal , J.T. and Raaymakers , S. 175 – 180 . London : International Maritime Organization, London .
   Google Scholar
• Gavand , M.R. , McClintock , J.B. , Amsler , C.D. , Peters , R.W. and Angus , R.A. 2007 . Effects of Sonication and Advanced Chemical Oxidants on the Unicellular Green Alga Dunaliella Tertiolecta and Cysts, Larvae and Adults of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina: A Prospective Treatment to Eradicate Invasive Organisms From Ballast Water . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 54 : 1395 – 1401 .
   Google Scholar
• Gollasch , S. , David , M. , Voigt , M. , Dragsund , E. , Hewitt , C. and Fukuyo , Y. 2007 . Critical Review of the IMO International Convention on the Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments . Harmful Algae , 6 : 585 – 600 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , D.K. , Bailey , S.A. , Duggan , I.C. and MacIsaac , H.J. 2005 . Viability of Invertebrate Diapausing Eggs Exposed to Saltwater: Implications for Great Lakes' Ship Ballast Management . Biol. Invas. , 7 : 531 – 539 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , D.K. , Duggan , I.C. and MacIsaac , H.J. HJ . 2006 . Can Sodium Hypochlorite Reduce the Risk of Species Introductions From Diapausing Invertebrate Eggs In Non-Ballasted Ships? . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 52 : 689 – 695 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregg , M.D. and Hallegraeff , G.M. 2007 . Efficacy of Three Commercially Available Ballast Water Biocides Against Vegetative Microalgae, Dinoflagellate Cysts and Bacteria . Harmful Algae , 6 : 567 – 584 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herwig , R.P. , Cordell , J.R. , Perrins , J.C. , Dinnel , P.A. , Gensemer , R.W. , Stubblefield , W.A. , Ruiz , G.M. , Kopp , J.A. , House , M.L. and Cooper , W.J. 2006 . Ozone Treatment of Ballast Water on the Oil Tanker S/T Tonsina: Chemistry, Biology and Toxicity . Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. , 324 : 37 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm , E.R. , Stamper , D.M. , Brizzolara , R.A. , Barnes , L. , Deamer , N. and Burkholder , J.M. 2008 . Sonication of Bacteria, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton: Application to Treatment of Ballast Water . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 54 : 1395 – 1401 .
   Google Scholar
• Hua , J. and Liu , S.M. 2007 . Butyltin in Ballast Water of Merchant Ships . Ocean Eng. , 34 : 1901 – 1907 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IMO – International Maritime Organization. 2004. International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments. http://www.imo.org (http://www.imo.org)
   Google Scholar
• IMO – International Maritime Organization . October 2007a . International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments – List of ballast water management systems that make use of active substances which received final approval , October , London : BWM.2/Circ.11 . Ref. T5/1.22, 03
   Google Scholar
• IMO – International Maritime Organization . 30 July 2007b . Report of the Marine Environment Protection Committee on its fifty-sixth session , 30 July , MEPC 56/23 .
   Google Scholar
• IMO – International Maritime Organization . 7 April 2008 . Report of the Marine Environment Protection Committee on its fifty-seventh session , 7 April 2008 , MEPC 57/21 .
   Google Scholar
• IMO – International Maritime Organization . September 2009 . International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' ballast water and sediments, 2004. List of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances which received Basic and Final Approvals , September , 24 BWM.2/Circ.23 .
   Google Scholar
• IMO – International Maritime Organization . 13 October 2010 . International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' ballast water and sediments, 2004. List of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances which received Basic and Final Approvals , 13 October , BWM.2/Circ.30 .
   Google Scholar
• IMO News . 2005 . IMO moves to beat ballast bugs . IMO News, the magazine of the International Maritime Organization , 1 : 25 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , A.C. , Gensemer , R.W. , Stubblefield , W.A. , Genderen , E.V. , Dethloff , G.M. and Cooper , W.J. 2006 . Toxicity of Ozonated Seawater to Marine Organisms . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 25 ( 10 ) : 2683 – 2691 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , K.R. and Corona , J.P. 2008 . An Ambient Tax Approach To Invasive Species . Ecol. Econ. , 64 : 534 – 541 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafontaine , Y. , Despatie , S.P. and Wiley , C. 2008 . Effectiveness and Potential Toxicological Impact of the PERACLEANs Ocean Ballast Water Treatment Technology . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. , 71 ( 2 ) : 355 – 369 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCollin , T , Quilez-Badia , G , Josefsen , KD , Gill , ME , Mesbahi , E and Frid , CLJ. 2007a . “Ship board testing of a deoxygenation ballast water treatment”. Marine Pollution Bulletin , 54 : 1170 – 1178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCollin , T. , Shanks , A.M. and J. Dunn , J. 2007b . Changes in Zooplankton Abundance And Diversity After Ballast Water Exchange In Regional Seas . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 56 ( 5 ) : 834 – 844 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGee , S. , Piorkowski , R. and Ruiz , G. 2006 . Analysis of Recent Vessel Arrivals And Ballast Water Discharge In Alaska: Toward Assessing Ship-Mediated Invasion Risk . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 52 : 1634 – 1645 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesbahi , E. , Norman , R. and Peng , M.W.C. 2007a . An Intelligent Simulation Model for Design and Costing of High Temperature Ballast Water Treatment Systems . Mar. Technol. , 44 ( 3 ) : 194 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Mesbahi , E. , Norman , R.A. , Vourdachas , A. and Quilez-Badia , G. 2007b . Design of a High-Temperature Thermal Ballast Water Treatment System . J. Eng. Marit. Environ. , 221 ( 1 ) : 31 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , K.R. , Field , M.P. , Waite , T.D. and Ruiz , G.M. 2008 . Trace Elements In Ships' Ballast Water as Tracers of Mid-Ocean Exchange . Sci.Total Environ. , 393 : 11 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , K.R. , Ruiz , G.M. , Dunsmuir , W.T.M. and Waite , T.D. 2006 . Optimized Parameters for Fluorescence-Based Verification of Ballast Water Exchange by Ships . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 40 : 2357 – 2362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niimi , A.J. 2004 . Role of Container Vessels in the Introduction of Exotic Species . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 49 : 778 – 782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC . 1996 . Stemming the Tide - Controlling Introductions of Nonindingenous Species by Ships' Ballast Water , Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Oemcke , D.J. and Van Leeuwen , J. 2004 . Seawater Ozonation of Bacillus Subtilis Spores: Implications for the Use of Ozone in Ballast Water Treatment . Ozone: Sci. Eng. , 26 : 389 – 402 . (Hans)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oemcke , D.J. and Van Leeuwen , J. 2005 . Ozonation of the Marine Dinoflagellate Alga Amphidinium Sp.—Implications for Ballast Water Disinfection . Water Res. , 39 : 5119 – 5125 . (Hans)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peraki , A.N. and Yang , Z. 2003 . Options for Nonindigenous Species Control and Their Economic Impact on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway: A Survey . Mar. Technol. , 40 ( 1 ) : 34 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Perrins , J.C. , Cooper , W.J. , Van Leeuwen , J. and Herwig , R.P. 2006a . Ozonation of Seawater From Different Locations: Formation and Decay of Total Residual Oxidant – Implications for Ballast Water Treatment . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 52 : 1023 – 1033 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrins , J.C. , Cordell , J.R. , Ferm , N.C. , Grocock , J.L. and Herwig , R.P. 2006b . Mesocosm Experiments for Evaluating the Biological Efficacy of Ozone Treatment of Marine Ballast Water . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 52 : 1756 – 1767 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quilez-Badia , G. , McCollin , T. , Josefsen , K.D. , Vourdachas , A. , Gill , M.E. , Mesbahi , E. and Frid , C.L. 2008 . On Board Short-Time High Temperature Heat Treatment of Ballast Water: A Field Trial Under Operational Conditions . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 56 : 127 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , J. and Tsamenyi , M. 2008 . International Legal Options for the Control of Biofouling on International Vessels . Mar. Pol. , 32 ( 4 ) : 559 – 569 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sano , L.L. , Bartell , S.M. and Landrum , P.F. 2005 . Decay Model for Biocide Treatment of Unballasted Vessels: Application for the Laurentian Great Lakes . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 50 : 1050 – 1060 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smayda , T.J. 2007 . Reflections on the Ballast Water Dispersal-Harmful Algal Bloom Paradigm . Harmful Algae , 6 : 601 – 622 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit , M. , Ebbens , E. , Jak , R. and Huijbregts , M. 2008 . Time and Concentration Dependency in the Potentially Affected Fraction of Species: The Case of Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment of Ballast Water . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 27 ( 3 ) : 746 – 753 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamburri , M.N. , Little , B.J. , Ruiz , G.M. , Lee , J.S. and McNulty , P.D. 2003 . Evaluations of Venturi Oxygen Stripping as a Ballast Water Treatment To Prevent Aquatic Invasions And Ship Corrosion . Proceedings 2nd International Ballast Water Treatment R&D Symposium, IMO London, GloBallast Monograph Series No. , 15 : 34 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Tamburri, M.N. and G.M. Ruiz, “Evaluations of a Ballast Water Treatment to Prevent Aquatic Invasions and Ship Corrosion”, Paper No. 2005-D09, presented at SNAME Maritime Technology Conference. October 19–21, Houston, TX, 09p. http://www.nei-marine.com/documents/Tamburri_Evaluations.pdf (http://www.nei-marine.com/documents/Tamburri_Evaluations.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Tamburri , M.N. , Wasson , K. and Matsuda , M. 2002 . Ballast Water Deoxygenation Can Prevent Aquatic Introductions While Reducing Ship Corrosion . Biol. Conserv. , 103 : 331 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang , Z. , Butkus , M.A. and Xie , Y.F. 2006a . The Effects of Various Factors on Ballast Water Treatment Using Crumb Rubber Filtration: Statistic Analysis . Environ. Eng. Sci. , 23 ( 3 ) : 561 – 569 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang , Z. , Butkus , M.A. and Xie , Y.F. 2006b . The Crumb Rubber Filtration: A Potential Technology For Ballast Water Treatment . Mar. Environ. Res. , 61 : 410 – 423 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Bergh , J.C.J.M. , Nunes , P.A.L.D. , Dotinga , H.M. , Kooistra , W.H.C.F. , Vrieling ad , E.G. and Peperzak , L. 2002 . Exotic Harmful Algae in Marine Ecosystems: An Integrated Biological–Economic–Legal Analysis of Impacts and Policies . Mar. Pol. , 26 : 59 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veldhuis , M.J.W. , Fuhr , F. , Boon , J.P. and Hallers-Tjabbers , C.C. 2006 . Treatment of Ballast Water; How To Test A System With A Modular Concept? . Environ. Technol. , 27 : 909 – 921 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , G.C. 1986 . Handbook of Chlorination , 2nd , New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , D.A. , Dawson , R. , Cutler , S.J. , Cutler , H.G. , Orano-Dawson , C.E. and Graneli , E. 2007a . Naphthoquinones as Broad Spectrum Biocides for Treatment of Ship's Ballast Water: Toxicity To Phytoplankton and Bacteria . Water Res. , 41 : 1294 – 1302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , DA , Dawson , R and Orano-Dawson , CE. 2007b . Shipboard Trials of Menadione as a Ballast Water Treatment . Mar. Technol. , 44 ( 1 ) : 68 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , D. , You , H. , Du , J. , Chen , C. and Jin D , D. 2011 . Effects of UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 Advanced Oxidation On Unicellular Green Alga Dunaliella salina: Implications for Removal of Invasive Species From Ballast Water . J. Environ. Sci. , 23 ( 3 ) : 513 – 519 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , Z. and Perakis , A.N. 2004 . Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Mandatory Ballast Water Treatment Measures in the U.S. Great Lakes . Transport. Res. Pt. D , : 81 – 86 .
   Google Scholar