Microcystin-LR Removal by Ozone (O₃) and Vacuum-UV (VUV): The Effect of Chloride Ions

References

• Averett, R. C., J. A. Leenheer, Diane M. McKnight, and K. A. Thorn. 1994. Humic substances in the Suwannee River, Georgia: Interactions, properties, and proposed structures. vol. 2373. US Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Baresova, M., J. Naceradska, K. Novotna, L. Cermakova, and M. Pivokonsky. 2020. “The Impact of Preozonation on the Coagulation of Cellular Organic Matter Produced by Microcystis aeruginosa and Its Toxin Degradation.” Journal of Environmental Sciences 98 (Dec): 124–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.031.
   Google Scholar
• Bolton, J. R., K. G. Bircher, W. Tumas, and C. A. Tolman. 2001. “Figures-Of-Merit for the Technical Development and Application of Advanced Oxidation Technologies for Both Electric- and Solar-Driven Systems (IUPAC Technical Report.” (in English). Pure and Applied Chemistry 73 (4): 627–37. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200173040627.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton, J. R., and M. I. Stefan. 2002. “Fundamental Photochemical Approach to the Concepts of Fluence (UV Dose) and Electrical Energy Efficiency in Photochemical Degradation Reactions.” (in English). Research on Chemical Intermediates 28 (7–9): 857–70. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685670260469474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, J., Z.-L. Chen, Z. Wang, J.-M. Shen, Q. Chen, J. Kang, L. Yang, X.-W. Liu, and C.-X. Nie 2014. “Ozonation Degradation of Microcystin-LR in Aqueous Solution: Intermediates, Byproducts and Pathways.” Water Research 63:52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chintalapati, P., and M. Mohseni. 2020. “Degradation of Cyanotoxin Microcystin-LR in Synthetic and Natural Waters by Chemical-Free UV/VUV Radiation.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 381:120921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crapulli, F., 2015. Disinfection and Advanced Oxidation of Highly Absorbing Fluids by UV/VUV Light: Process Modeling and Validation. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, Dissertation/Thesis, [Online]. https://go.exlibris.link/cV63j3jZ.
   Google Scholar
• Eke, J., P. Wagh, and I. C. Escobar. 2018. “Ozonation, Biofiltration and the Role of Membrane Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity in Removal and Destruction of Algal Toxins at Basic pH values.” (in English). Separation and Purification Technology 194:56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.11.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elovitz, M. S., U. von Gunten, and H.-P. Kaiser. 2000. “Hydroxyl Radical/Ozone Ratios During Ozonation Processes. II. The Effect of Temperature, pH, Alkalinity, and DOM Properties.” (in English). Ozone: Science & Engineering 22 (2): 123–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919510008547216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ershov, B. G., N. M. Panich, A. F. Seliverstov, and M. P. Belyaeva. 2008. “Ozone Decomposition in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions of salts,” (In English.” Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 81 (4): 723–25. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427208040319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaze, W. H. 1987. “Drinking-Water Treatment with Ozone.” (in English). Environmental Science & Technology 21 (3): 224–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00157a001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, N. W., D. McInnis, N. Hertkorn, P. A. Maurice, and E. M. Perdue. August 25, 2014. “Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter: Isolation of the 2R101N Reference Sample by Reverse Osmosis.” Environmental Engineering Science 32 (1): 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2014.0284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, M., M. Jafarikojour, and M. Mohseni. 2021. “The Impact of Chloride and Chlorine Radical on Nitrite Formation During Vacuum UV Photolysis of Water.” (in English). Science of the Total Environment 760:143325–143325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, K., and A. A. MacKay. 2020. “Microcystin-LR Degradation Kinetics During Chlorination: Role of Water Quality Conditions.” (in English). Water Research (Oxford) 185:116305–116305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasim, S. Y., M. Uslu, R. Seth, and N. Biswas. 2020. “Removal of Cyanotoxins in Detroit River Water Using Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes.” (in English). Ozone: Science & Engineering 42 (5): 461–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2020.1793731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, N., W. A. Jackson, P. K. Dasgupta, and T. A. Anderson. 2008. “Perchlorate Production by Ozone Oxidation of Chloride in Aqueous and Dry Systems.” (in English). Science of the Total Environment 405 (1): 301–09. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh, C.-I., S.-J. Lee, and J.-W. Kang. 2001. “New UV-Flux Measurement Method Using Ozone Photolysis Rate.” (in English). Ozone: Science & Engineering 23 (3): 245–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919510108962008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levanov, A. V., I. V. Kuskov, E. E. Antipenko, and V. V. Lunin. 2008. “The Solubility of Ozone and Kinetics of Its Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions of Sodium chloride,” (In English.” Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 82 (12): 2045–50. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024408120133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., J. Ren, X. Wang, and Z. Fan. 2016. “Mechanism and Reaction Pathways for Microcystin-LR Degradation Through UV/H2O2 Treatment.” (in English). PLoS ONE 11 (6): e0156236–e0156236. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masjoudi, M., and M. Mohseni. 2022. “Photochemical Properties of Free Chlorine and Inorganic Chloramines at 185 Nm for VUV/UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation.” (in English). ACS ES&T Water 2 (5): 769–77. 22 April. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00468.
   Google Scholar
• Merel, S., M. Clement, and O. Thomas. 2010. “State of the Art on Cyanotoxins in Water and Their Behaviour Towards Chlorine.” Toxicon 55 (4): 677–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.10.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organization, W. H., “Cyanobacterial Toxins: Microcystins - Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality and Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments,” Australia, 2020. [Online]. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/338066/WHO-HEP-ECH-WSH-2020.6-eng.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, K. M., and W. A. Mitch. 2016. “Halogen Radicals Contribute to Photooxidation in Coastal and Estuarine Waters.” (in English). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 113 (21): 5868–73. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602595113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J.-A., B. Yang, C. Park, J.-W. Choi, C. M. van Genuchten, and S.-H. Lee. 2017. “Oxidation of Microcystin-LR by the Fenton Process: Kinetics, Degradation Intermediates, Water Quality and Toxicity Assessment.” (in English). Chemical Engineering Journl 309:339–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.083.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, B., T. A. Anderson, A. Redder, and W. A. Jackson. 2010. “Perchlorate Formation by Ozone Oxidation of Aqueous Chlorine/oxy-Chlorine Species: Role of ClxOy Radicals.” (in English). Environmental Science & Technology 44 (8): 2961–67. https://doi.org/10.1021/es903065f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfeldt, E. J., K. G. Linden, S. Canonica, and U. V Gunten. 2006. “Comparison of the Efficiency of OH Radical Formation During Ozonation and the Advanced Oxidation Processes O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2.” (in English). Water Research (Oxford) 40 (20): 3695–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.09.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarathy, S. R., 2009. “Effects of UV/H₂O₂ Advanced Oxidation on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Natural Organic Matter in Raw Drinking Water Sources.” University of British Columbia, Dissertation/Thesis, [Online]. https://go.exlibris.link/h8K04jTR.
   Google Scholar
• Sarathy, S. R., M. M. Bazri, and M. Mohseni. 2011. “Modeling the Transformation of Chromophoric Natural Organic Matter During UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation.” (in English). Journal of Environmental Engineering (New York, N Y) 137 (10): 903–12. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sgroi, M., S. A. Snyder, and P. Roccaro. 2021. “Comparison of AOPs at Pilot Scale: Energy Costs for Micro-Pollutants Oxidation, Disinfection By-Products Formation and Pathogens Inactivation.” (in English). Chemosphere (Oxford) 273:128527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorlini, S. S., C. C. Collivignarelli, M. M. Carnevale Miino, F. M. F. M. Caccamo, and M. C. M. C. Collivignarelli. 2020. “Kinetics of Microcystin-LR Removal in a Real Lake Water by UV/H2O2 Treatment and Analysis of Specific Energy Consumption,” (In English.” Toxins 12 (12): 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, P., C. Tyree, and C.-H. Huang. 2016. “Inactivation of Escherichia coli, Bacteriophage MS2, and Bacillus Spores Under UV/H2O2 and UV/Peroxydisulfate Advanced Disinfection Conditions.” (in English). Environmental Science & Technology 50 (8): 4448–58. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Sonntag, C., U. Von Gunten. 2012. Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment: From Basic Principles to Applications (No. Book, Whole), 1–303. London, NY: IWA Pub (in English). https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780400839.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, G., X. Hu, Y. Du, Qi Jin, Y. Liu, C. Tang, Xi Hu, et al. 2021. “Light-Driven Breakdown of Microcystin-LR in Water: A Critical Review.” (in English). Chemical Engineering Journal 417:129244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., and J. J. Pignatello. 2017. “Participation of the Halogens in Photochemical Reactions in Natural and Treated Waters.” (in English). International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 22 (10): 1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101684.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, L., G. Yao, and S. Huang. 2020. ““Enhanced Degradation of Atrazine in Water by VUV/UV/Fe Process: Role of the in situ Generated H2O2.” (in English). Chemical Engineering Journal 388:124302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., J. He, Y. Lei, Z. Qiu, S. Cheng, and X. Yang. Aug 1 2019. “Combining Solar Irradiation with Chlorination Enhances the Photochemical Decomposition of Microcystin-LR.” Water Research 159:324–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., J. He, S. Xiao, and X. Yang. 2019. “Elimination Kinetics and Detoxification Mechanisms of Microcystin-LR During UV/Chlorine Process.” (in English). Chemosphere (Oxford) 214:702–09. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar