Policing the wilderness: A descriptive study of wildlife conservation officers in South Africa

References

• Asibey , E. 1972 . Ghana's progress . Oryx , 11 : 470 – 475 .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , T. 2006 . Police use of discretion: A participant observation study of game wardens . Deviant Behavior , 27 ( 6 ) : 591 – 627 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruthers , J. 2007 . Conservation and wildlife management in South African National Parks 1930s–1960s . Journal of the History of Biology , 41 ( 2 ) : 203 – 236 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruthers , J. 2008 . Police boys and poachers: Africans, wildlife protection and national parks, the Transvaal 1902 to 1950 . Koedoe – African Protected Area Conservation and Science, North America , 36 September : 11 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Central Intelligence Agency [CIA]. (2011). The world factbook: South Africa. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html) (Accessed: 29 December 2010 ).
   Google Scholar
• Eliason , S.L. 2003 . Throwing the book versus cutting some slack: Factors influencing the use of discretion by game wardens in Kentucky . Deviant Behavior , 24 : 129 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliason , S.L. 2011 . Policing Natural Resources: Issues in a conservation law enforcement agency . Professional Issues in Criminal Justice , 6 ( 3&4 ) : 43 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald , J. and Cox , S. 1994 . Research methods in criminal justice , 2nd , Chicago , IL : Nelson-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth , C. 1993 . Factors influencing game wardens in their interaction with poachers: The use of discretion . Free Inquiry in Creative Sociology , 21 ( 1 ) : 43 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth , C. and Forsyth , Y. 2009 . Dire and sequestered meetings: The work of game wardens . American Journal of Criminal Justice , 34 ( 3–4 ) : 213 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , C. 1999 . Politicians and poachers: The political economy of wildlife policy in Africa , Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Guest , R. 2004 . The shackled continent: Africa's past, present and future , London , , UK : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Herne , B. 1999 . White hunters: The golden age of African safaris , New York , NY : Henry Holt, Co .
   Google Scholar
• Hess , K. and Hess-Orthmann , C. 2010 . Criminal investigation , 9th , New York , NY : Delamar .
   Google Scholar
• Jachmann , H. and Billiouw , M. 1997 . Elephant poaching and law enforcement in the Central Luangwa Valley, Zambia . Journal of Applied Ecology , 34 : 233 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leaky , R. and Morrell , V. 2001 . Wildlife wars: My fight to safe Africa's natural resources , New York , NY : St. Martin's Griffin .
   Google Scholar
• Meredith , M. 2005 . The fate of Africa: A history of fifty years of independence , New York , NY : Public Affairs .
   Google Scholar
• Nyschens , I. 1997 . Months of the sun , Long Beach , CA : Safari Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Ogunijinmi , A. , Umunna , K. and Ogunjinmi , K. 2008 . Factors affecting job satisfaction of rangers in Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi, Nigeria . Journal of Agriculture and Social Research , 8 ( 2 ) : 37 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Pendleton , M. 1998 . Policing the park: Understanding soft enforcement . Journal of Leisure Research , 30 ( 4 ) : 522 – 571 .
   Google Scholar
• Root , G. 2005 . Roots of a game ranger , Pietermaritzburg , , South Africa : The Roots .
   Google Scholar
• Shelley , T.O. and Crow , M.S. 2009 . The nature and extent of conservation policing: Law enforcement generalists or conservation specialists? . American Journal of Criminal Justice , 34 ( 1–2 ) : 9 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• South African National Parks . 2008 . The Kruger map , Johannesburg : Jacana .
   Google Scholar
• Spenceley , A. 2003 . Tourism, local livelihoods and the private sector in South Africa: Case studies on the growing role of the private sector in natural resources management (Sustainable livelihoods in Southern Africa Research Paper No. 8) , Brighton , , UK : Institute of Development Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa. (2011). Latest key indicators. http://www.statssa.gov.za/keyindicators/keyindicators.asp (http://www.statssa.gov.za/keyindicators/keyindicators.asp) (Accessed: 4 January 2011 ).
   Google Scholar
• Toit , J. , Rogers , K. and Biggs , H. 2003 . The Kruger experience: Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity , Pretoria : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tynon , J. , Chavez , D. and Baur , J. 2010 . Crime in the woods: Role of law enforcement officers in national forests . Managing Leisure , 15 ( 4 ) : 251 – 263 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , S. and Katz , C. 2011 . The police in America: An introduction , 7th , New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Warchol , G. and Johnson , B. 2009 . Wildlife crime in Southern Africa . International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice , 33 : 143 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Warchol , G. , Zupan , L. and Clack , W. 2004 . Transnational criminality: The illegal wildlife trade in southern Africa . International Criminal Justice Review , 13 : 1 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Wells , M. 1996 . The social role of protected areas in the new South Africa . Environmental Conservation , 23 : 322 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WildAid Foundation . 2003 . First half report – January/June 2003 , Bangkok : Author .
   Google Scholar
• WildAid Foundation . 2004 . Six month report January – June 2004 , Bangkok : Author .
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2011). Africa development indicators, 2011. http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/adi_2011-web.pdf (http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/adi_2011-web.pdf) (Accessed: 3 January 2011 ).
   Google Scholar