Effect of combined fouling on desalination performance of membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) during long-term operation

References

• Alkaisi, A.; Mossad, R.; Sharifian-Barforoush, A. A Review of the Water Desalination Systems Integrated with Renewable Energy. Eng. Procedia. 2017, 110, 268–274. DOI:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.138.
   Google Scholar
• Amy, G.; Ghaffour, N.; Li, Z.; Francis, L.; Linares, R. V.; Missimer, T.; Lattemann, S. Membrane-based Seawater Desalination: Present and Future Prospects. Desalination. 2017, 401, 16–21. DOI:10.1016/j.desal.2016.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossad, M.; Zou, L. A Study of the Capacitive Deionisation Performance under Various Operational Conditions. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 213–214, 491–497. DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, W.; He, D.; Zhang, C.; Waite, T. D. Optimization of Sulfate Removal from Brackish Water by Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI). Water Res. 2017, 121, 302–310. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. J.; Choi, J. H. Improvement of Desalination Efficiency in Capacitive Deionization Using a Carbon Electrode Coated with an Ion-exchange Polymer. Water Res. 2010, 44, 990–996. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huyskens, C.; Helsen, J.; Groot, W. J.; de Haan, A. B. Cost Evaluation of Large-Scale Membrane Capacitive Deionization for Biomass Hydrolysate Desalination. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2015, 146, 294–300. DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2015.03.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oren, Y. Capacitive Deionization (CDI) for Desalination and Water Treatment — Past, Present and Future (A Review). Desalination. 2008, 228, 10–29. DOI:10.1016/j.desal.2007.08.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tin, M. M. M.; Anioke, G.; Nakagoe, O.; Tanabe, S.; Kodamatani, H.; Nghiem, L. D.; Fujioka, T. Membrane Fouling, chemical Cleaning and Separation Performance Assessment of a Chlorine-resistant Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Recycling Applications. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2017, 189, 170–175. DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2017.07.080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, K.-J.; Sz, P.-Y. Membrane Fouling Mechanism and Concentration Effect in Cross-flow Microfiltration of BSA/dextran Mixtures. Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 166, 669–677. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benecke, J.; Rozova, J.; Ernst, M. Anti-scale Effects of Select Organic Macromolecules on Gypsum Bulk and Surface Crystallization during Reverse Osmosis Desalination. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2016, 198, 68–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S.; Lee, C. H. Effect of Operating Conditions on CaSO4 Scale Formation Mechanism in Nanofiltration for Water Softening. Water Res. 2000, 34, 3854–3866. DOI:10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00142-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabelas, A. J.; Karanasiou, A.; Sioutopoulos, D. C. Experimental Study on the Effect of Polysaccharides on Incipient Membrane Scaling during Desalination. Desalination. 2017, 416, 106–121. DOI:10.1016/j.desal.2017.04.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belashova, E.; Mikhaylin, S.; Pismenskaya, N.; Nikonenko, V.; Bazinet, L. Impact of Cation-exchange Membrane Scaling Nature on the Electrochemical Characteristics of Membrane System. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2017, 189, 441–448. DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2017.08.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elimelech, M.; Zhu, X.; Childress, A. E.; Hong, S. Role of Membrane Surface Morphology in Colloidal Fouling of Cellulose Acetate and Composite Aromatic Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 1997, 127, 101–109. DOI:10.1016/S0376-7388(96)00351-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo, H.; Tay, K. G.; Ng, H. Y. Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membrane by Protein (BSA): Effects of pH, Calcium, Magnesium, Ionic Strength and Temperature. J. Membr. Sci. 2008, 315, 28–35. DOI:10.1016/j.memsci.2008.02.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, D. N.; Vogel, D.; Khan, S. Characterising Humic Acid Fouling of Nanofiltration Membranes Using Bisphenol a as a Molecular Indicator. Water Res. 2008, 42, 4049–4058. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2008.06.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jun, J. Y.; Nguyen, H. H.; Paik, S.-Y.-R.; Chun, H. S.; Kang, B.-C.; Ko, S. Preparation of Size-controlled Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) nanoparticles by a Modified Desolvation Method. Food Chem. 2011, 127, 1892–1898. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao, R.; Wang, L.; Mi, N.; Gao, Z.; Liu, T.; Lv, Y.; Wang, X.; Meng, X.; Yang, Y. Enhancement and Mitigation Mechanisms of Protein Fouling of Ultrafiltration Membranes under Different Ionic Strengths. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 6574–6580. DOI:10.1021/es505830h.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sata, T.; Tsujimoto, M.; Yamaguchi, T.; Matsusaki, K. Change of Anion Exchange Membranes in an Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Solution at High Temperature. J. Membr. Sci. 1996, 112, 161–170. DOI:10.1016/0376-7388(95)00292-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi, B.; Elimelech, M. Gypsum Scaling and Cleaning in Forward Osmosis: measurements and Mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 2022. DOI:10.1021/es903623r.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabelas, A. J.; Karanasiou, A.; Mitrouli, S. T. Incipient Membrane Scaling by Calcium Sulfate during Desalination in Narrow Spacer-filled Channels. Desalination. 2014, 345, 146–157. DOI:10.1016/j.desal.2014.04.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, E.; Raasch, J. Cross Flow Filtration. Ger. Chem. Eng. 1985, 8, 211–216.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, C. J.; Shirazi, S.; Rao, P. Mechanistic Model for CaSO4 Fouling on Nanofiltration Membrane. J. Environ. Eng. 2005, 131, 1387–1392. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:10(1387).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizwan, T.; Bhattacharjee, S. Initial Deposition of Colloidal Particles on a Rough Nanofiltration Membrane. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 2008, 85, 570–579. DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450850502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boussu, K.; Belpaire, A.; Volodin, A.; Van Haesendonck, C.; Van der Meeren, P.; Vandecasteele, C.; Van der Bruggen, B. Influence of Membrane and Colloid Characteristics on Fouling of Nanofiltration Membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 2007, 289, 220–230. DOI:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.12.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdona, S. K.; Al Hadad, O. A. Influence of Additives on the Precipitation of Gypsum in Sodium Chloride Solutions. Desalination. 2008, 228, 277–286. DOI:10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siew, C. K.; Williams, P. A.; Young, N. W. G. New Insights into the Mechanism of Gelation of Alginate and Pectin: Charge Annihilation and Reversal Mechanism. Biomacromolecules. 2005, 6, 963–969. DOI:10.1021/bm049341l.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerchove, A. J. D.; Elimelech, M. Structural Growth and Viscoelastic Properties of Adsorbed Alginate Layers in Monovalent and Divalent Salts. Macromolecules. 2006, 39, 6558–6564. DOI:10.1021/ma0527606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar